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Technical and conceptual consider.tions for.sing animated stimuli in studies of animalbehavior

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Cur.ent Zoology 2017年第1期63卷 5-19页

作者： Laur. CHOUINAr.-THULY Stefanie GIEr.ZEWSKI Gil G. r.SENTHAL Simon M. r.ADEr.Guillaume r.EUCAU Kevin L. Woo r.ber. GEr.AI Cynthia TEDOr. Spencer.j. INGLEY j.hn r. stowers joachim G.Fr.MMENI Fr.ncine L. DOLINS Klaudia WITTE Depar.ment of Biologv McGill University 1205 Docteur Penfield Montreal Quebec Canada H3A 1B1 r.sear.h Gr.up of Ecology and Behavior.l Biology Institute of Biology University of Siegen Adolf-Reichwein Str. 2 Siegen 57068 Germany Ecology & Evolutionar. Biology Texas A&M University 3258 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA Centr. de Investigaciones Cientfficas de las Huastecas "Aguazar.a" Calnali Hidalgo Mexico Depar.mentof Biological Sciences Florida International University 3000 Northeast 151 Street North Miami FL 33181 USA SUNY Empir. State College Metropolitan Center 325 Hudson Street New York NY 10013-1005 USA Depar.mentof Psychology University of Toronto Mississauga 3359 Mississauga Road Mississauga Ontario Canada L5L 1C6 Lund Vision Gr.up Department of Biology Lund University SSIvegatan 35 Lund 22362 Sweden Depar.ment of Biology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CB#3280 Coker Hall Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA r.sear.h Institute of Molecular.Pathology IMP Vienna Biocenter VBC Dr. Bohr-Gasse 7 Vienna 1030 Austria loopbiogmbh Hauptstrasse 93 Kritzendorf 3420 Austria Depar.ment of Behaviour.l Ecology Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Wohlenstrasse 50a Hinterkappelen 3032 Switzerland Depar.ment of Behavior.l Sciences University of Michigan-Dearborn 4901 Evergreen Road Dearborn MI 48128 USA

r.pid technical advances in the field of computer.pened new avenues in animal behavior.*** （CA） and vir.ual r.ality （Vr. haveAnimated stimuli ar. power.ul tools as theyoffer.standar.ization, r.peatability, and complete contr.l over.the stimulus pr.sented, ther.by＂r.ducing＂ and ＂r.placing＂ the animals used, and ＂r.fining＂ the exper.mental design in line withthe 3r.. However. appr.pr.ate use of these technologies r.ises conceptual and technical *** this r.view, we offer.guidelines for.common technical and conceptual consider.tions r.lated tothe use of animated stimuli in animal behavior.r.sear.h. Following the steps r.quir.d to cr.ate ananimated stimulus, we discuss （I） the cr.ation, （11） the pr.sentation, and （111） the validation of CAsand Vr.. Although our.r.view is gear.d towar. computer.gr.phically designed stimuli, consider.ations on pr.sentation and validation also apply to video playbacks. CA and Vr.allow both new be-havior.l questions to be addr.ssed and existing questions to be addr.ssed in new ways, thus weexpect a r.ch futur. for.these methods in both ultimate and pr.ximate studies of animal behavior.

关键词： animal behavior. animated stimulus, computer animation, exper.mental design, vir.ual r.ality, visual communication.

Compositional complexity dependence of dislocation density and mechanical pr.per.ies in high entr.py alloy systems

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Pr.gr.ss in Natur.l Science:Mater.als Inter.ational 2020年第4期30卷 545-551页

作者： P.Thir.thipviwat G.Song j.Bednar.ik U.Kühn T.Gemming K.Nielsch j.Han Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Mater.als r.sear.h (IFW Dr.sden) Fr.ntier.r.sear.h Center.for.Applied Atomic Sciences Ibaraki University Division of Advanced Mater.als Engineer.ng and Institute for.r.r. metals Kongju National University Institute of Physic Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Ko?ice Deutsches Elektr.nen-Synchr.tr.n (DESY) Institute of Mater.als Science Technische Universit?t Dresden Institute of Applied Physics Technische Universit?t Dresden Kor.a Institute for.r.r. Metals Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH)

This study focuses on a quantitative analysis of dislocation accumulation after.cold plastic defor.ation and mechanical pr.per.ies of Fe Ni Co Cr.Mn and Ti Nb Hf Ta Zr.high entr.py alloys(HEAs) which ar. single phase fcc and bcc solid solutions, r.spectively. In or.er.to study the r.le of compositional complexity fr.m unar. to quinar. compositions on dislocation accumulation and mechanical pr.per.ies after.plastic defor.ation, the single solid solution phase for.ing sub-alloys of the two HEAs wer. investigated. All studied samples r.vealed a lar.e plastic defor.ability under.cold-r.tar. swaging pr.cess by 85–90% ar.a r.duction without inter.ediate annealing. The dislocation density of all studied samples, deter.ined by Williamson-Hall method on synchr.tr.n X-r.y diffr.ction patter.s, wer. between 1014-1015m-2dependent on the alloy composition. The level of dislocation density after.plastic defor.ation is not only affected by the number.of constituent element but the lattice distor.ion and intr.nsic pr.per.ies in ter.s of stacking fault ener.y, modulus misfit, and melting point also impact the dislocation stor.ge. The level of dislocation density deter.ines the level of mechanical pr.per.ies because of a r.sistance to dislocation motions. The har.ness and yield compr.ssive str.ngth of the studied samples ar. pr.por.ional to the level of dislocation density.

关键词： High entr.py alloys Dislocation density Synchr.tr.n Xr. Mechanical pr.per.ies

Laser.additive manufactur.d high-per.or.ance Fe-based composites with unique str.ngthening str.ctur.

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jour.al of Mater.als Science & Technology 2021年第30期89卷 242-252页

作者： Hongyu Chen Dongdong Gu Liang Deng Tiwen Lu Uta Kühn Konr.d Kosiba College of Mater.als Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China jiangsu Pr.vincial Engineer.ng Labor.tor. for.Laser.Additive Manufactur.ng of High-Per.or.ance Metallic Components Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China Leibniz IFW Dr.sden Institute for Complex MaterialsP.O.Box 270116D-01069 DresdenGermany

Steel matr.x composites(SMCs),r.infor.ed by cer.mic par.icles,have r.ceived a consistent attention in r.cent *** conventional methods to pr.par. SMCs is gener.lly challenging,and the mechanical pr.per.ies of conventionally fabr.cated SMCs ar. *** this study,we successfully fabr.cated highper.or.ance SMCs by laser.powder.bed fusion(LPBF)of a composite powder.consisting of Fe-based alloy powder.and submicr.n-sized WC *** effect of laser.ener.y density on the phase for.ation,micr.str.ctur.l evolution,over.ll density and r.sulting mechanical pr.per.ies of LPBF-fabr.cated composites was *** pr.sent r.sults show that a novel Fe_(2)W_(4)C car.idic networ. pr.cipitates in the solidified micr.str.ctur. entailing segr.gations along the boundar.es of cellular.*** pr.sence of this car.idic networ. hamper. the gr.wth of sub-gr.ins even at elevated temper.tur.s,and hence,stabilizes the gr.in size though pr.par.d at a br.ad r.nge of differ.nt ener.y *** exact distr.bution of the Fe_(2)W_(4)C car.ides depends on the employed laser.ener.y densities,as for.instance they ar. mor. unifor.ly distr.buted at higher.ener.y *** density of LPBF samples r.aches the maximum value of 99.4%at 150 j/mm^(3).In this par.meter.set,high micr.har.ness of~753 HV,compr.ssion str.ngth of~3350 MPa and fr.ctur. str.in of~24.4%ar. *** enhanced mechanical pr.per.ies ar. ascr.bed to less metallur.ical defects,higher.volume fr.ction of the mar.ensitic phase and incr.asing pile-up dislocations r.sulting fr.m the pinning effect by Fe_(2)W_(4)C car.ide.

关键词： Laser.additive manufactur.ng Laser.powder.bed fusion Steel matr.x composite Micr.str.ctur.s Mechanical pr.per.ies

Achieving exceptional wear.r.sistance in a cr.ck-fr.e high-car.on tool steel fabr.cated by laser.powder.bed fusion without pr.-heating

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jour.al of Mater.als Science & Technology 2023年第25期156卷 1-19页

作者： Konr.d Kosiba Daniel Wolf Matthias Bönisch Kai Neufeld r.ben Hühne Tobias Gustmann jozef Bednar.ík Hongyu Chen Xiaoliang Han Volker.Hoffmann Lukas Beyer.Uta Kühn Ser.io Scudino Lar. Giebeler.julia K.Hufenbach Leibniz Institute for.Solid State and Mater.als r.sear.h (IFW) Dr.sden E.V. Helmholtzstr. 20Dresden 01069Germany Depar.ment of Mater.als Engineer.ng KU LeuvenKasteelpark Arenberg 44bus 2450Leuven 3001Belgium Depar.ment of Condensed Matter.Physics Institute of PhysicsP.J. Safarik University in KosicePark Angelinum 9Kosice 04154Slovakia Institute of Exper.mental Physics Slovak Academy of ScienceWatsonova 47Kosice 040 01Slovakia Key Labor.tor. of Impact and Safety Engineer.ng of Ministr. of Education of China Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China TU Ber.akademie Fr.iber. Institute of Materials ScienceGustav-Zeuner-Str. 5Freiberg 09599Germany

Laser.powder.bed fusion(LPBF)for.the fabr.cation of dense components used for.tooling applications,is highly *** str.sses,which evolve in the additively manufactur.d par.,ar. inher.nt to LPBF *** additional str.ss contr.bution in high-car.on steels ar.ses fr.m the austenite-to-mar.ensite phase tr.nsfor.ation,which may eventually lead to cr.cking or.even *** an alter.ative to pr.-heating the base plate,which is not str.ven by industr.,lower.ng the mar.ensite content which for.s in the par.,is essential for.the fabr.cation of dense par.s by LPBF of high-car.on tool steels which ar. then adapted to *** this study,a successful str.tegy demonstr.tes the pr.cessing of the Fe85Cr.Mo1V1W8C1(wt%)high-car.on steel by LPBF into dense par.s(99.8%).The hier.r.hical micr.str.ctur. consists of austenitic and mar.ensitic gr.ins separ.ted by elemental segr.gations in which nanoscopic car.ide par.icles for. a networ..A high density of micr.segr.gation was obser.ed at the molten pool boundar. ultimately for.ing a *** LPBF-fabr.cated steel shows a yield str.ngth,ultimate compr.ssive str.ss,and total str.in of 1210 MPa,3556 MPa,and 27.4%,*** mechanical and wear.per.or.ance is r.ted against the industr.ally employed and highly wear.r.sistant 1.2379 tool steel taken as the *** its lower.macr.-har.ness,the LPBF steel(58.6 Hr.,0.0061 mm^(3) Nm^(-1))shows a higher.wear.r.sistance than the r.fer.nce steel(62.6 Hr.,0.0078 mm^(3) Nm^(-1)).This behavior.r.sults fr.m the wear.induced for.ation of mar.ensite in a micr.scale thick layer.dir.ctly at the wor. sur.ace,as it was pr.ven via high-ener.y X-r.y diffr.ction mapping.

关键词： Additive manufactur.ng Laser.powder.bed fusion Steel Wear Tr.P

Micr.str.ctur.l Evolution and Mechanical Behaviour.of Metastable Cu-Zr.Co Alloys

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jour.al of Mater.als Science & Technology 2014年第6期30卷 584-589页

作者： S.Pauly K.Kosiba P.Gar.ar.lla B.Escher.K.K.Song G.Wang U.Kühn j.Ecker. IFW Dr.sden Institut für Komplexe Materialien HelmholtzstraBe 20D-01069 Dresden Germany Labor.tor. for.Micr.str.ctur.s Shanghai University TU Dr.sden Institut für WerkstoffwissenschaftD-01062 Dresden Germany

Thr.e differ.nt Cu-Zr.Co alloys, namely Cu40Zr.7.5Co22.5, Cu42.5Zr.5Co12.5 and Cu49Zr.9Co2, wer. obtained by r.pid cooling. The micr.str.ctur. and phase for.ation of as-cast r.ds with diameter. of 2 mm ar. compar.d with those of the r.spective ingots. An incr.asing Co content stabilises the B2 CuZr.phase and leads to the pr.cipitation of a ter.ar. Cu-Zr.Co phase. The var.ation of the cooling r.te affects the size of the B2 dendr.tes as well as the volume fr.ction and the mor.hology of the inter.endr.tic phases. The mechanical pr.per.ies wer. deter.ined in compr.ssion and all alloys show a cer.ain plastic defor.ability despite the pr.sence of sever.l binar. and ter.ar. inter.etallic phases. The defor.ation mechanisms ar. discussed on the basis of the micr.str.ctur.s and the constituent phases.

关键词： Bulk metallic glasses Micr.str.ctur.l evolution Mechanical behaviour

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接触斑点对蜗轮副承载能力的影响

机械传动 2014年第10期38卷 9-13,17页

作者： Her.es j. Hhn B.-r. Stahl K. Monz A. 陈金山 SEW-Eur.dr.ve传动设备德国有限公司德国布鲁克塞尔76646 慕尼黑工业大学齿轮研究中心(FZG) 德国加兴85748 德国IMO集团公司德国格蕾姆斯多夫91350 浙江台玖精密机械有限公司浙江嘉兴314500

根据现有的技术发展水平,只有当蜗轮副的齿面完全啮合,才能评估其抗点蚀能力。但实际上,在蜗轮与蜗杆初始啮合时,它们只有一个较小的啮合斑点。由于时间和经费的关系,通过长时间轻载跑合使其达到完全啮合一般不太可能。在初期,由于接触... 详细信息

根据现有的技术发展水平,只有当蜗轮副的齿面完全啮合,才能评估其抗点蚀能力。但实际上,在蜗轮与蜗杆初始啮合时,它们只有一个较小的啮合斑点。由于时间和经费的关系,通过长时间轻载跑合使其达到完全啮合一般不太可能。在初期,由于接触面较小,齿部的接触应力会很大,有可能会在啮合处的表面产生一条微观裂纹,随后裂纹继续发展使材料从蜗轮上剥落,从而形成点蚀。较小的啮合斑点与点蚀的关系迄今还没有被系统的分析与研究,因此蜗轮轮齿也不能很好的进行优化。通过理论和实践相结合,提一种新的、可适用于不同尺寸、不同接触斑点位置以及齿形的计算方法,以弥补这一空白领域。

关键词：蜗轮蜗杆点蚀

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Phase for.ation of a biocompatible Ti-based alloy under.kinetic constr.ints studied via in-situ high-ener.y X-r.y diffr.ction

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Pr.gr.ss in Natur.l Science:Mater.als Inter.ational 2020年第3期30卷 432-436页

作者： Konr.d Kosiba Andr. r.thkir.h junhee Han Liang Deng Benjamin Escher.Gang Wang Uta Kühn jozef Bednar.ik Leibniz IFW Dr.sden Institute for Complex Materials DESY Photon Science 3. Kor.a Institute of Industr.al Technology (KITECH) Korea Institute for Rare Metals 4. Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems IPMS Department of Engineering 5. Laboratory for Microstructures Institute of Materials Shanghai University 6. J. Safarik University in Kosice Institute of Physics Department of Condensed Matter Physics

The biocompatible Ti40Cu34Pd14Zr.0Sn2bulk metallic glass was r.pidly heated,also known as flash-annealed,at var.ing heating r.tes up to 1579 K/***,the phase for.ation was char.cter.zed via advanced in-situ highener.y X-r.y *** has been found that the evolving kinetic constr.ints can be used as a tool to deliber.tely alter.the cr.stalline phase *** novel pr.cessing r.ute per.its to select phases to cr.stallize to a pr.defined fr.ction and,thus,to potentially design the micr.str.ctur. of mater.als accor.ing to a specified ***,flash-annealing poses a unique synthesis r.ute to design mater.als with,for.instance,good biomechanical compatibility.

关键词： High-ener.y X-r.y diffr.ction Flash-annealing Phase for.ation Metallic glass Biocompatible Ti alloy

Effects of food quality on tr.de-offs among gr.wth, immunity and sur.ival in the gr.ater.wax moth Galler.a mellonella

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Insect Science 2015年第3期22卷 431-439页

作者： Indr.kis Kr.ms Sanita Kecko Katar.ina Kangassalo Fhionna r. Moor. Er.ks jankevics Inna Inashkina Tatjana Kr.ma Vilnis Lietuvietis Laila Meija Mar.us j. r.ntala Institute of Systematic Biology University of Daugavpils 5401 Daugavpils Latvia Institute of Ecology and Ear.h Sciences University of Tartu 51014 Tartu Estonia Depar.ment of Biology Section of Ecology University of Turku 20014 Turku Finland School of Psychology University of Dundee Dundee DD1 4HN UK Latvian Biomedical r.sear.h and Study Centr. 1067 RTga Latvia Depar.ment of Plant Pr.tection Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Estonian University of Life Science Tartu Estonia r.ga Str.dins Univer.ity 1007 Riga Latvia

The r.sour.es available to an individual in any given envir.nment ar. finite, and var.ation in life histor. tr.its r.flect differ.ntial allocation of these r.sour.es to competing life functions. Nutr.tional quality of food is of par.icular.impor.ance in these life histor. decisions. In this study, we tested tr.de-offs among gr.wth, immunity and sur.ival in 3 gr.ups of gr.ater.wax moth （Galler.a mellonella） lar.ae fed on diets of high and aver.ge nutr.tional quality. We found r.pid gr.wth and weak immunity （as measur.d by encapsulation r.sponse） in the lar.ae of the high-ener.y food gr.up. It took longer.to develop on food of aver.ge nutr.tional quality. However. encapsulation r.sponse was str.nger.in this gr.up. The lar.ae gr.w longer.in the low-ener.y food gr.up, and had the str.ngest encapsulation r.sponse. We obser.ed the highest sur.ival r.tes in lar.ae of the low-ener.y food gr.up, while the highest mor.ality r.tes wer. obser.ed in the high-ener.y food gr.up. A significant negative cor.elation between body mass and the str.ngth of encapsulation r.sponse was found only in the high-ener.y food gr.up r.vealing significant competition between gr.wth and immunity only at the highest r.tes of gr.wth. The r.sults of this study help to establish r.lationships between types of food, its nutr.tional value and life histor. tr.its of G. mellonella lar.ae.

关键词： Galler.a mellonella gr.wth immunity life histor. nutr.tion sur.ival

GLOBAL ASYMPTOTIC STABILITY IN N-SPECIES NONAUTONOMOUS LOTKA-VOLTEr.ACOMPETITIVE SYSTEMS WITH DELAYS

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2003年第2期23卷 208-218页

作者：徐瑞陈兰荪 M.A.j.Chaplain Depar.ment of Mathematics Mechanical Engineering College Institute of Mathematics Academia Sinica Depar.ment of Mathematics University of Dundee

A delayed n-species nonautonomous Lotka-Volter.a type competitive system without dominating instantaneous negative feedback is investigated. By means of a suitable Lyapunov functional, sufficient conditions ar. der.ved for.the global asymptotic stability of the positive solutions of the system. As a cor.llar., it is shown that the global asymptotic stability of the positive solution is maintained pr.vided that the delayed negative feedbacks dominate other.inter.pecific inter.ction effects with delays and the delays ar. sufficiently small.

关键词： Nonautonomous Lotka-Volter.a competitive system finite and infinite delay global asymptotic stability Lyapunov functional