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The impact of out-of-pocket expenditures on missed appointments at HIV r care and treatment centers in Northern Tanzania

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Global Health journal 2021年第2期5卷 90-96页

作者： Carl Mhina Hayden Bosworth j.hn a.bartlett Helene Vilme joyce H.Mosha Deborah F.Shoo Tom j.Kakumbi Glory jacob Charles Muiruri Department of Population Health Sciences School of MedicineDuke University215 Morris StreetDurhamNC 27701USA Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College Box 2240Moshi KilimanjaroTanzania Health Economics Unit School of Public Health and Family MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownOBSERVATORY 7925South Africa Duke Global Health Institute Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Durham Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System508 Fulton StreetHSRD 152DurhamNC 27705USA Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences P.0.Box 65001Dar-es-SalaamTanzania

Background:Missed clinic appointments negatively impact clinic patient flow and health outcomes of people living with HIV(PLHIV).PLHIV likelihood of missing clinic appointments is associated with direct and indirect expenditures made while accessing HIV *** objective of this study was to examine the relationship between out-of-pocket(OOP)health expenditures and the likelihood of missing ***:Totally 618 PLHIV older than 18 years attending two HIV care and treatment centres(CTC)in Northern Tanzania were enrolled in the *** attendance and clinical characteristics were abstracted from medical *** on OOP health expenditures,demographics,and socio-economic factors were self-reported by the *** used a hurdle *** first part of the hurdle model assessed the marginal effect of a one Tanzanian Shillings(TZS)increase in OOP health expenditure on the probability of having a missed appointment and the second part assessed the probability of having missed appointments for those who had missed an appointment over the study ***:Among these 618 participants,242(39%)had at least one missed clinic appointment in the past *** expenditure was not significantly associated with the number of missed clinic *** median amount of OOP paid was 5100 TZS per visit,about 7%of the median monthly *** who were separated from their partners(adjusted odds ratio[AOR]=1.83,95%confidence interval[CZ]:1.11-8.03)and those aged above 50 years(AOR=2.85,95%CI:1.01-8.03)were significantly associated with missing an *** those who had at least one missed appointment over the study period,the probability of missing a clinic appointment was significantly associated with seeking care in a public CTC(P=0.49,95%CI:0.88-0.09)and aged between>25-35 years(P=0.90,95%CI:0.11-1.69).Conclusion:Interventions focused on improving compliance to clinic appointments should target public CTCs,PLHIV aged between>

关键词： Missed clinic appointments Out-of-pocket expenditure HIV Tanzania

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Exploring a targeted approach for public health capacity restrictions during COVID-19 using a new computational model

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第1期9卷 234-244页

作者： Ashley N.Micuda Mark R.Anderson Irina Babayan Erin Bolger Logan Cantin Gillian Groth Ry Pressman-Cyna Charlotte Z.Reed Noah j.Rowe Mehdi Shafiee Benjamin Tam Marie C.Vidal Tianai Ye Ryan D.Martin Department of Physics Engineering Physics&AstronomyQueen's UniversityKingstonONCanada Department of Medical Biophysics Western UniversityLondonONCanada Department of Mathematics and Statistics Queen's UniversityKingstonONCanada Department of Biology Queen's UniversityKingstonONCanada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Nazarbayev UniversityNur-SultanKazakhstan Energetic Cosmos Laboratory Nazarbayev UniversityNur-SultanKazakhstan School of Computing Queen's UniversityKingstonONCanada Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences Queen's UniversityKingstonONCanada Department of Physics University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom Department of Physics Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUnited States

This work introduces the Queen's University Agent-Based Outbreak Outcome Model(QUABOOM).This tool is an agent-based Monte Carlo simulation for modelling epidemics and informing public health *** illustrate the use of the model by examining capacity restrictions during a *** find that public health measures should focus on the few locations where many people interact,such as grocery stores,rather than the many locations where few people interact,such as small *** also discuss a case where the results of the simulation can be scaled to larger population sizes,thereby improving computational efficiency.

关键词： Monte-carlo Agent-based epidemic modelling COVID-19 Small business capacity restrictions Public health Basic reproductive number

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On the combined effect of soil fertility and topography on tree growth in subtropical forest ecosystems—a study from SE China

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journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 111-127页

作者： Thomas Scholten Philipp Goebes Peter Kühn Steffen Seitz Thorsten Assmann jürgen Bauhus Helge Bruelheide Francois Buscot Alexandra Erfmeier Markus Fischer Werner Härdtle jin-Sheng He Keping Ma Pascal A.Niklaus Michael Scherer-Lorenzen Bernhard Schmid Xuezheng Shi Zhengshan Song Goddert von Oheimb Christian Wirth Tesfaye Wubet Karsten Schmidt Department of Geosciences Soil Science and GeomorphologyUniversity of TübingenRümelinstraße 19-2372070 TübingenGermany Institute of Ecology Leuphana University LüneburgScharnhorststr.121335 LüneburgGermany Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences SilvicultureUniversity of FreiburgTennenbacherstraße 479085 Freiburg im BreisgauGermany Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle WittenbergAm Kirchtor 106108 HalleGermany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ Theodor-Lieser-Straße 406120 HalleGermany Department of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 213013 BernSwitzerland Peking University No.5 Yiheyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100871China Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.20 NanxincunXiangshanBeijing 100093China Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZürichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057 ZürichSwitzerland Faculty of Biology Department of GeobotanyUniversity of FreiburgSchänzlestraße 179104 FreiburgGermany Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.71 East Beijing RoadNanjingChina TU Dresden Biodiversity and Nature ConservationPienner Straße 701737 TharandtGermany Department of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity University of LeipzigJohannisallee 2104103 LeipzigGermany

Aims The aim of our research was to understand small-scale effects of topography and soil fertility on tree growth in a forest biodiversity and ecosystem functioning(BEF)experiment in subtropical SE *** Geomorphometric terrain analyses were carried out at a spatial resolution of 5×5 *** samples of different depth increments and data on tree height were collected from a total of 566 plots(667 m2 each).The soils were analyzed for carbon(soil organic carbon[SOC]),nitrogen,acidity,cation exchange capacity(CEC),exchangeable cations and base saturation as soil fertility *** plots were classified into geomorphological *** of variance and linear regressions were applied to all terrain,soil fertility and tree growth *** Findings In general,young and shallow soils and relatively small differences in stable soil properties suggest that soil erosion has truncated the soils to a large extent over the whole area of the *** explains the concurrently increasing CEC and SOC stocks downslope,in hollows and in ***,colluvial,carbon-rich sediments are missing widely due to the convexity of the footslopes caused by uplift and removal of eroded sediments by adjacent *** results showed that soil fertility is mainly influenced by ***-Carlo flow accumulation(MCCA),curvature,slope and aspect significantly affected soil ***,soil fertility was affected by the different geomorphological positions on the experimental sites with ridge and spur positions showing lower exchangeable base cation contents,especially potassium(K),due to *** geomorphological effect of soil fertility is most pronounced in the topsoil and decreases when considering the subsoil down to 50 cm *** soil fertility attributes affect tree height after 1-2 years of growth,among which C stocks proved to be most important while pH_(KCl)and CEC only played minor ***,soil acidity and a hig

关键词： soil fertility topography soil erosion matter transport biodiversity DSM carbon stocks tree forest BEF-China China

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Evaluation of HemogloBind<sup>TM</sup>treatment for preparation of samples for cholinesterase analysis

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2013年第12期4卷 1020-1023页

作者： Kevin G. McGarry Ryan A. bartlett Nicholas j. Machesky Thomas H. Snider Robert A. Moyer David T. Yeung Matthew K. Brittain Battelle Biomedical Research Center Battelle Memorial Institute Columbus USA National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Bethesda USA

Acetylcholine is an essential neurotransmitter found throughout the nervous system. Its action on postsynaptic receptors is regulated through hydrolysis by various carboxylesterases, especially cholinesterases (ChEs). The acute toxicity of organophosphate (OP) compounds is directly linked to their action as inhibitors of ChE. One widely used assay for evaluating ChE activity is a spectrophotometric method developed by Ellman et al. When the enzyme source is from tissues or, in particular, blood, hemoglobin displays a spectrophotometric peak at the same wave-length used to analyze cholinergic activity. This creates a substantial background that interferes with the Ellman’s assay and must be overcome in order to accurately monitor cholinesterase activity. Herein, we directly compare blood processing methods: classical method (1.67 ± 0.30 U/mL) and HemogloBindTM treatment (1.51 ± 0.17 U/mL), and clearly demonstrate that pretreatment of blood samples with HemoglobindTM is both a sufficient and rapid sample preparation method for the assessment of ChE activity using the Ellman’s method.

关键词： Acetylcholinesterase Cholinesterase HemogloBindTM Sample Preparation Hemoglobin

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航天飞机固体火箭助推器试验段的纵向振动特性

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导弹与航天运载技术(中英文) 1980年第10期 83-98页

作者： j. C. bartlett D. L. Linton 朱仲方

本文论述航天飞机固体火箭助推器(SRB)试验段的轴对称纵向振动振型。文章解释了为进行此项动态分析所采用的方法,并规定了有限元模型采用NASTRAN计算机程序的情况,对SRB的短试验段进行了带和不带试验夹具的两种分析,来估算试验段的纵向... 详细信息

本文论述航天飞机固体火箭助推器(SRB)试验段的轴对称纵向振动振型。文章解释了为进行此项动态分析所采用的方法,并规定了有限元模型采用NASTRAN计算机程序的情况,对SRB的短试验段进行了带和不带试验夹具的两种分析,来估算试验段的纵向动力特性,并证明可以利用一台100,000磅(442,822牛顿)力的激振器来试验确定这些振型。SRB试验段的分析结果表明试验夹具对试验结果可能有的影响。同时介绍了在推进剂里面可利用恒定力和恒定加速度振动控制得到振型和响应位移值及应变值。

关键词：试验段 SRB 固体火箭助推器一阶振型推进剂药柱航天飞机纵向振动

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Reconstruction of Tomographic Images from a Few Views by New Maximum Entropy Approach

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Semiconductor Photonics and Technology 2000年第4期6卷 200-203页

作者： CHEN Shao-hua (College of Phys. & Electron. Techn., Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, C hn) 河北大学物理学与电子技术学院河北武汉 430062

A new algorithm for the reconstruction of tomographic images from a few views is presented. A variable metric method is used to solve the unconstrained optimization problem which resulted from the analysis by use of the maximum ent ropy formalism. The numerical simulation is used to study the reconstruction eff ect on the different asymmetric functions. The results show that the reconstruct ion accuracy is satisfactory.

关键词： Maximum entropy Tomographic reconstruction Algorithm

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乙肝或丙肝感染后的死亡因素：基于相关社区资料的研究

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国际输血及血液学杂志 2007年第4期30卷 379-381页

作者： Arain j Law MG bartlett M 马章淳（节译）温贤秀（节译）江南（审校）不详四川省人民医院学术期刊部 610072

乙肝或丙肝病毒的慢性感染是肝进行性病变、肝硬化和肝癌发生的常见病因。同时感染乙肝或丙肝会进一步增加肝病恶化的危险性。乙肝或丙肝病毒感染的病史研究已得到深入的开展，尤其是在肝病病程进展的相关研究方面尤为突出，但乙肝或丙... 详细信息

乙肝或丙肝病毒的慢性感染是肝进行性病变、肝硬化和肝癌发生的常见病因。同时感染乙肝或丙肝会进一步增加肝病恶化的危险性。乙肝或丙肝病毒感染的病史研究已得到深入的开展，尤其是在肝病病程进展的相关研究方面尤为突出，但乙肝或丙肝病毒感染后的死亡率的研究较少。大部分死亡率的研究所选择的人群具有一定的限制或者将研究限定在与自身肝病相关的死亡原因。

关键词：丙肝病毒感染病毒感染后乙肝死亡因素社区进行性病变慢性感染常见病因

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全民健康覆盖的发展道路：基于外部视角

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中国卫生政策研究 2013年第2期6卷 1-3页

作者：梁立霖 j.hn C.Langenbrunner 北京大学中国卫生发展研究中心北京100191 世界银行美国华盛顿20433

1取得的进展2009年《关于深化医药卫生体制改革的意见》发布以来，中国在实现全民健康覆盖（universal health coverage，UHC）的道路上取得了长足进步。中国的医疗卫生体制改革是一项十分复杂艰巨的任务，如今已经完成了医改第一阶段... 详细信息

1取得的进展2009年《关于深化医药卫生体制改革的意见》发布以来，中国在实现全民健康覆盖（universal health coverage，UHC）的道路上取得了长足进步。中国的医疗卫生体制改革是一项十分复杂艰巨的任务，如今已经完成了医改第一阶段——近期三年的目标任务，这一时期内1250亿美元的新增投人使得基本医疗保障制度覆盖了超过90％的人口，但这仍然需要卫生、医保等部门与其它10余个部委之间开展各种形式的合作。

关键词：全民健康医药卫生体制改革医疗卫生体制改革基本医疗保障制度 2009年中国

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Ecology,growth and management of black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.),a non-native species integrated into European forests

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journal of Forestry Research 2020年第4期31卷 1081-1101页

作者： Valeriu-Norocel Nicolescu Károly Rédei William L.Mason Torsten Vor Elisabeth Poetzelsberger jean-Charles Bastien Robert Brus Tibor Bencat MartinaDodan Branislav Cvjetkovic Sinisa Andrasev Nicola La Porta Vasyl Lavnyy Dejan Mandzukovski Krasimira Petkova Dusan Rozenbergar Radoslaw Wasik Godefridus M.j.Mohren Maria Cristina Monteverdi Brigitte Musch Marcin Klisz Sanja Peric Ljiljana Keca Debbie bartlett Cornelia Hernea Michal Pástor Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering Transylvania University of Brasov500123 BrasovRomania Forest Research Institute Budapest 9600Hungary Forest Research Northern Research StationRoslinMidlothian EH259SYUK Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology University Georg-August37077 GöttingenGermany University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Peter Jordan Str.821190 ViennaAustria INRA Centre Val de Loire 45075 ArdonOrléansFrance Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana1000 LjubljanaSlovenia Technical University Ul.T.G.Masaryka 2496053 ZvolenSlovakia Croatian Forest Research Institute 10450 JastrebarskoCroatia Faculty of Forestry University of Banja LukaStepe Stepanovica 75a78000 Banja LukaBosnia and Herzegovina Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment AntonaČehova 13dNovi Sad 21000Serbia Fondazione Edmund Mach Via E.Mach 138010 S.Michele a/AdigeItaly Department of Silviculture Ukrainian National Forestry UniversityL’viv 79057Ukraine Public enterprise Makedonski sumi Pero Nakov bbKosta Novakovic 12Skopje 1000Republic of North Macedonia University of Forestry 1797 Sofi aBulgaria Faculty of Forestry University of Agriculture31-425 KrakówPoland Department of Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group University of Wageningen6700 WageningenThe Netherlands Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria Viale Santa Margherita8052100 ArezzoItaly UMR 0588 INRA ONF BioForA2163 Avenue de la Pomme de PinCS 4000145075 ArdonOrléans CedexFrance Forest Research Institute Braci Lesnej Streetno.305-090 Sekocin StaryRaszynPoland Faculty of Forestry University of Belgrade1Kneza Viseslava StreetBelgrade 11030Serbia Faculty of Engineering and Science University of GreenwichCentral AvenueChatham MaritimeLondon ME44TBUK Faculty of Horticulture and Forestry Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine300645 TimisoaraRomania National Forest Centre Forest Research InstituteT.G.Masaryka 2296092 ZvolenSlovakia

Black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.),a species native to the eastern North America,was introduced to Europe probably in 1601 and currently extends over2.3×10~6 *** has become naturalized in all sub-Mediterranean and temperate regions rivaling Populus *** the second most planted broadleaved tree species worldwide after Eucalyptus *** wide-spreading planting is because black locust is an important multipurpose species,producing wood,fodder,and a source of honey as well as bio-oil and *** is also important for carbon sequestration,soil stabilization and re-vegetation of landfills,mining areas and wastelands,in biotherapy and *** Europe,black locust is drought tolerant so grows in areas with annual precipitation as low as 500-550 *** tolerates dry,nutrient poor soils but grows best on deep,nutrient-rich,well-drained *** is a fast-growing tree and the height,diameter and volume growth peak before the age of *** mostly regenerates vegetatively by root suckers under a simple coppice system,which is considered the most cost-effective management *** also regenerates,but less frequently,by stool *** early silviculture in production forests includes release cutting to promote root suckers rather than stool shoots,and cleaning-respacing to remove low-quality stems,reduce the number of shoots per stool,and adjust spacing between root *** addition,early,moderate and frequent thinning as well as limited pruning are carried out focusing on crop *** species is regarded as invasive in several European countries and its range here is expected to expand under predicted climate changes.

关键词： Black locust Ecology Invasiveness Climate change Management

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双辊薄带连铸过程传热和金属流动的数值模拟

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上海钢研 1998年第3期 37-44页

作者： j.P.HWANG H.j.LIN W.S.HWANG C.T.hn 吴卫平

怎样开浇是双辊薄带连铸过程面临的一个重要问题。在开浇阶段,金属熔池应该逐步地建立以达到最优的熔池液位,而且在两个反向旋转的结晶辊表面形成的凝固金属层必须在引带离开最小辊缝前焊接在一起,以不准确的牵引时间进行不合适的操作,... 详细信息

怎样开浇是双辊薄带连铸过程面临的一个重要问题。在开浇阶段,金属熔池应该逐步地建立以达到最优的熔池液位,而且在两个反向旋转的结晶辊表面形成的凝固金属层必须在引带离开最小辊缝前焊接在一起,以不准确的牵引时间进行不合适的操作,经常导致连铸过程和产品的不稳定以及铸带的中断,这将破坏铸带的成型及随后的卷取。因此,引带恰当的拉速在垂直双辊薄带连铸的开浇阶段起很重要的作用,准确的牵引时间对热分布的变化、流动条件和金属与结晶辊的相互作用都十分敏感。为了揭示双辊铸造过程基本的传输现象,用一个商品化的PROCAST软件来模拟非稳态的流体流动、热传导和本研究连铸过程初期的凝固特征。一组耦合的质量、动量和能量平衡的控制偏微分方程用有限元方法来求解,用体积流量接近法(VOF)来处理瞬时自由表面问题,热焓法用于处理凝固、相变的问题。这个模型的优点是它处理移动边界问题和流体自由表面问题有很大的能力。用这个数学模型,在本研究中模拟了浇注顺序、流场和对应的温度分布在垂直双辊薄带连铸过程实际铸造条件下金属熔池内的情况。从计算结果可以知道:双辊之间的金属熔池是怎样逐步建立起来的,凝固层在旋转辊上是怎样随时间增厚的都基本揭示出来了。此外,金属熔池的液位。

关键词：传热金属流动连铸薄带连铸数值模拟

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