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Increases in the incremental exercise mean response time across the steady state domain:Implications for exercise testing&prescription

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第4期6卷 315-323页

作者： Bridgette G.j.O'Malley Robert A.Robergs todd A.Astorino Queensland University of Technology Faculty of Health:School of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesBrisbaneAustralia Department of Kinesiology CSU-San MarcosSan MarcosCAUSA

We hypothesized that slowed oxygen uptake(VO_(2))kinetics for exercise transitions to higher power outputs(PO)within the steady state(SS)domain would increase the mean response time(MRT)with increasing exercise intensity during incremental *** highly trained cyclists(mean±standard deviation[SD]);age(39±6)years[yr];and VO_(2) peak=(61±9)mL/kg/min performed a maximal,ramp incremental cycling test and on separate days,four 6-min bouts of cycling at 30%,45%,65%&75% of their incremental peak PO(Wpeak).SS trial data were used to calculate the MRT and verified by mono-exponential and linear curve *** the ramp protocol attained the value from SS,the PO,in Watts(W),was converted to time(min)based on the ramp function W to quantify the incremental MRT(iMRT).Slope analyses for the VO_(2) responses of the SS versus incremental exercise data below the gas exchange threshold(GET)revealed a significant difference(p=0.003;[0.437±0.08]vs.[0.382±0.05]L·min^(-1)).There was a significant difference between the 45%Wpeak steady state VO_(2)(ss VO_(2))([3.08±0.30]L·min^(-1),respectively),and 30% Wpeak ss VO_(2)(2.26±0.24)(p<0.0001;[3.61±0.80]vs.[2.20±0.39]L·min^(-1))and between the iMRT for 45% and 30% Wpeak ss VO_(2) values([50.58±36.85]s vs.[32.20±43.28]s).These data indicate there is no single iMRT,which is consistent with slowed VO_(2) kinetics and an increasing VO_(2) deficit for higher exercise intensities within the SS domain.

关键词： Mean responsetime(MRT) Incremental exercise Steady state(SS) Exercise testing Exercise prescription

Physiological and perceptual responses to sprint interval exercise using arm versus leg cycling ergometry

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第4期6卷 385-393页

作者： todd A.Astorino Shealin Pierce Madisen B.Piva Richard S.Metcalfe Niels B.j.Vollaard Department of Kinesiology CSU—San MarcosSan MarcosCAUSA Applied Sports TechnologyExercise and Medicine(A-STEM)Research CenterSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport University of StirlingStirlingUK

Increases in power output and maximal oxygen consumption(V_O2max)occur in response to sprint interval exercise(SIE),but common use of“all-out”intensities presents a barrier for many ***,lower-body SIE is not feasible for all *** compared physiological and perceptual responses to supramaximal,but“nonall-out”SIE between leg and arm cycling ***-four active adults(mean±SD age:[25±7]y;cycling VO_(2)max:[39±7]mL·kg^(-1)·min^(-1))performed incremental exercise using leg(LCE)and arm cycle ergometry(ACE)to determine VO_(2)max and maximal work capacity(Wmax).Subsequently,they performed four 20 s bouts of SIE at 130% Wmax on the LCE or ACE at cadence=120-130 rev/min,with 2 min recovery between *** exchange data,heart rate(HR),blood lactate concentration(BLa),rating of perceived exertion(RPE),and affective valence were *** showed significantly lower(p0.42),and lowest affective valence recorded(2.0±1.8)was considered“good to fairly good”.Data show that non“all-out”ACE elicits lower absolute but higher relative HR and VO_(2) compared to *** aversive perceptual responses could make this non-all-out modality feasible for inactive adults.

关键词： High intensity interval training Upper body exercise Peak power output Oxygen uptake Blood lactate concentration

A unique subseafloor microbiosphere in the Mariana Trench driven by episodic sedimentation

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第1期6卷 168-181页

作者： jiwen Liu Da-Wei Li Xinxin He Ronghua Liu Haojin Cheng Chenglong Su Mengna Chen Yonghong Wang Zhongsheng Zhao Hanyue Xu Zhangyu Cheng Zicheng Wang Nikolai Pedentchouk David j.Lea-Smith jonathan D.todd Xiaoshou Liu Meixun Zhao Xiao-Hua Zhang Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and College of Marine Life SciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao 266237China Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques Ministry of Education/College of Marine GeosciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography Ministry of Education/Research Vessel CentreOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China School of Environmental Sciences University of East AngliaNorwich NR47TJUK School of Biological Sciences University of East AngliaNorwich NR47TJUK

Hadal trenches are characterized by enhanced and infrequent high-rate episodic sedimentation events that likely introduce not only labile organic carbon and key nutrients but also new microbes that significantly alter the subseafloor ***,the role of high-rate episodic sedimentation in controlling the composition of the hadal subseafloor microbiosphere is ***,analyses of carbon isotope composition in a~750 cm long sediment core from the Challenger Deep revealed noncontinuous deposition,with anomalous ^(14)C ages likely caused by seismically driven mass transport and the funneling effect of trench *** community composition and diverse enzyme activities in the upper~27 cm differed from those at lower depths,probably due to sudden sediment deposition and differences in redox condition and organic matter *** lower depths,microbial population numbers,and composition remained relatively constant,except at some discrete depths with altered enzyme activity and microbial phyla abundance,possibly due to additional sudden sedimentation events of different *** is provided of a unique role for high-rate episodic sedimentation events in controlling the subsurface microbiosphere in Earth’s deepest ocean floor and highlight the need to perform thorough analysis over a large depth range to characterize hadal benthic *** depositional processes are likely crucial in shaping deep-water geochemical environments and thereby the deep subseafloor biosphere.

关键词： Hadal subseafloor Deep water sediment Mariana Trench Radiocarbon Microbial community Redox potential

Egg rejection behavior does not explain the lack of cowbird parasitism on an eastern North American population of Red-winged Blackbirds

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Avian Research 2019年第4期10卷 431-440页

作者： justin j.Reel todd j.Underwood Department of Biology Kutztown University

Background:Red-winged Blackbirds(Agelaius phoeniceus),hereafter red-wings,are much less frequently parasitized by Brown-headed Cowbirds(Molothrus ater)in eastern North America than in central North America and had not been recorded as hosts in our study area in southeastern *** hosts of Old World cuckoos(Cuculidae)often show geographic variation in egg rejection behavior,cowbird hosts typically exhibit uniform responses of all acceptance or all rejection of cowbird ***,geographic variation in cowbird parasitism frequencies might reflect a different behavioral response to parasitism by hosts where only some populations reject *** this study,we tested whether egg rejection behavior may explain the lack of parasitism observed in our eastern red-wing population,which may provide insight into low parasitism levels across eastern North ***:We parasitized red-wing nests with model cowbird eggs to determine their response to *** were tested across three nest stages and compared to control nests with no *** rejection differed significantly by stage,we compared responses separately for each nest *** also monitored other songbird nests to identify parasitism frequencies on all potential ***:Red-wings showed significantly more rejections during the building stage,but not for the laying and incubation *** during nest building involved mostly egg burials,which likely represent a continuation of the nest building process rather than true rejection of the cowbird *** these responses,red-wings rejected 15%of cowbird eggs,which is similar to rejection levels from other studies and *** overall parasitism frequency on 11 species surveyed in our study area was only 7.4%.Conclusions:Egg rejection behavior does not explain the lack of parasitism on red-wings in our eastern ***,we suggest that cowbird preference for other hosts and the low abu

关键词： Brood parasitism Brown-headed Cowbird Egg rejection Geographic variation Red-winged Blackbird

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吐哈盆地煤成烃研究新进展

沉积学报 2002年第3期20卷 456-461页

作者：程克明熊英 j M Moldowan j.greene.todd 中国石油勘探开发研究院北京100083 美国斯坦福大学地球科学系

运用生物标记物及碳同位素等地化参数对吐鲁番 -哈密盆地的原油及其源岩进行了油源对比 ,结果将该区原油分为三类 :第一类原油 ,根据生标特征分析其具有显著的淡水环境、藻含量低、细菌影响大、C2 9甾烷含量高、C3 04α 甲基甾烷低、C2... 详细信息

运用生物标记物及碳同位素等地化参数对吐鲁番 -哈密盆地的原油及其源岩进行了油源对比 ,结果将该区原油分为三类 :第一类原油 ,根据生标特征分析其具有显著的淡水环境、藻含量低、细菌影响大、C2 9甾烷含量高、C3 04α 甲基甾烷低、C2 4 四环烷和C19三环烷含量高和碳同位素偏重 (δ13 C为 - 2 5‰～ - 2 7‰ )的特点 ,初步对比结果 ,本区西山窑组的煤是该类原油的主要源岩 ;第二类原油 ,富含藻类物质 (C2 7甾烷与C3 0 4α 甲基甾烷含量较高 ) ,该类原油可能来自侏罗系的富藻湖相泥岩 ;第三类原油 ,全油碳同位素δ13 C为 - 30‰～ - 32‰ ,这类原油的生标反映出其源岩相的特征为缺氧、咸水、中等含藻的湖相沉积 (高含量的伽玛蜡烷和 β 胡萝卜烷 ,C3 5/C3 4藿烷比值大等 )。

关键词：吐哈盆地煤成烃色谱-质谱分析扁枝烷伽玛蜡烷碳同位素烃源岩

Wars as Dividing Significance of the Lines？ Rethinking the Sino-japanese War in Twentieth Century China

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Frontiers of History in China 2018年第1期13卷 73-89页

作者： j. Megan greene Department of History University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 USA

Historical periodization frequently takes wars as turning points--as ruptures that signify the end or beginning of an era. At the same time, front lines have often been taken as boundaries that contain the activities of one side or the other. Thus, discontinuity and disjuncture rather than continuity and fluidity have o-en been the points of emphasis among historians who have taken war events as turning points, or who have seen lines of combat as impermeable. A new focus on the Sino-japanese War period has begun to reveal ways in which that moment served not as an interruption but as a part of longer term processes of change and development that characterized China＇s mid-twentieth century. It also permits us to gain a deeper understanding of the fluidity of human movement and socio-economic interaction that frequently boundaries and to think about similarities various Chinese spaces. The aim of this paper crossed both political and military linkages, and differences between is to consider ways in which the new generation of scholarship on the Sino-japanese War period offers new ways of thinking about continuity, change, similarity and difference across both temporal and physical boundaries that have served as the parameters for much of the earlier scholarship on the period. To this end, the paper examines recent literature on the Sino-japanese War period, as well as literature that crosses that period, to examine ways in which this historiography has challenged conventional periodizations and political and geographical delineations

关键词： Sino-japanese War western China collaboration development impact of war

The acceleration of a high-charge electron bunch to 10 GeV in a 10-cm nanoparticle-assisted wakefield accelerator

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第1期9卷 15-24页

作者： Constantin Aniculaesei Thanh Ha Samuel Yoffe Lance Labun Stephen Milton Edward McCary Michael M.Spinks Hernan j.Quevedo Ou Z.Labun Ritwik Sain Andrea Hannasch Rafal Zgadzaj Isabella Pagano jose A.Franco-Altamirano Martin L.Ringuette Erhart Gaul Scott V.Luedtke Ganesh Tiwari Bernhard Ersfeld Enrico Brunetti Hartmut Ruhl todd Ditmire Sandra Bruce Michael E.Donovan Michael C.Downer Dino A.jaroszynski Bjorn Manuel Hegelich University of Texas at Austin AustinTexas 78712USA SUPA Department of Physics University of StrathclydeGlasgowScotland G4 ONGUnited Kingdom Tau Systems Inc.AustinTexas 78701USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCalifornia 94550USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNew Mexico 87545USA Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNew York 11973USA Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MunichGermany

An intense laser pulse focused onto a plasma can excite nonlinear plasma *** appropriate conditions,electrons from the background plasma are trapped in the plasma wave and accelerated to ultra-relativistic *** scheme is called a laser wakefield *** this work,we present results from a laser wakefield acceleration experiment using a petawatt-class laser to excite the wakefields as well as nanoparticles to assist the injection of electrons into the accelerating phase of the *** find that a 10-cm-long,nanoparticle-assisted laser wakefield accelerator can generate 340 pC,10±1.86 GeV electron bunches with a 3.4 GeV rms convolved energy spread and a 0.9 mrad rms *** can also produce bunches with lower energies in the 4–6 GeV range.

关键词： acceleration nanoparticle charge

Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis in Crohn’s disease:a case report

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Gastroenterology Report 2017年第4期5卷 316-319,I0003页

作者： Peilin Zhang Lawrence M.Minardi j.todd Kuenstner Rusty Kruzelock PZM Diagnostics LLC.CharlestonWVUSA Department of Pathology Charleston Area Medical CenterCharlestonWVUSA West Virginia Regional Technology Park CharlestonWVUSA

We have cultured Mycobacteria avium subspecies hominissuis(MAH)from the blood of a patient with Crohn’s *** patient is a 21 year-old-female with a diagnosis of Crohn’s disease for two *** had been treated with corticosteroids and Humira for six months.A blood specimen was cultured in a specialized medium,and there was visible bacterial growth present in the liquid culture medium after eight *** analysis of the bacterial growth and subsequent direct sequencing of the PCR amplicon confirmed the presence of *** significance of this finding is discussed.

关键词： mycobacterium paratuberculosis Crohn’s disease infective colitis

Optimizing methyl-eugenol aromatherapy to maximize posttreatment effects to enhance mating competitiveness of male Bactrocera carambolae （Diptera： Tephritidae）

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Insect Science 2015年第5期22卷 661-669页

作者： Ihsan ul Haq Marc j.B. Vreysen Carlos Caceres todd E. Shelly jorge Hendrichs Insect Pest Control Laboratory Joint FAOIIAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture Seibersdorf Austria National Agricultural Research Centre Park Road Islamabad Pakistan USDAIAPHIS 41-650 Ahiki Street Waimanalo HI 96795 USA and Insect Pest Control Section Joint FAOIIAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture Vienna Austria

Methyl-eugenol （ME）（1,2-dimethoxy-4-（2-propenyl）benzene）, a natural phy- tochemical, did enhance male Bactrocera carambolae Drew ＆ Hancock （Diptera： Tephri- tidae） mating competitiveness 3 d after ingestion. Enhanced male mating competitiveness can significantly increase the effectiveness of the sterile insect technique （SIT）. ME appli- cation to mass reared sterile flies by feeding is infeasible. ME application by aromatherapy however, would be a very practical way of ME application in fly emergence and release facilities. This approach was shown to enhance mating competitiveness ofB. carambolae 3 d posttreatment （DPT）. Despite this added benefit, every additional day of delaying re- lease will reduce sterile fly quality and will add cost to SIT application. The present study was planned to assess the effects of ME-aromatherapy on male B. carambolae mating competitiveness 1DPT and 2DPT. ME aromatherapy 1DPT or 2DPT did enhance mating competitiveness of B. carambolae males whereas ME feeding 1DPT and 2DPT did not. Male mating competitiveness was enhanced by the ME aromatherapy irrespective if they received 1DPT, 2DPT or 3DPT. ME aromatherapy, being a viable approach for its applica- tion, did enhance mating competitiveness of male B. carambolae 1 d posttreatrnent as ME feeding did 3 d after ingestion.

关键词： Bactrocera carambolae mating competitiveness ME aromatherapy methyl-eugenol ME feeding posttreatment effect SIT