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An SPH Framework for Earthquake-Induced Liquefaction Hazard Assessment of geotechnical Structures

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 251-277页

作者： Sourabh Mhaski g.V.Ramana Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology DelhiNew Delhi110016India

Earthquake-induced soil liquefaction poses significant risks to the stability of geotechnical structures *** understanding of the liquefaction triggering,and the post-failure large deformation behaviour is essential for designing resilient *** present study develops a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics(SPH)framework for earthquake-induced liquefaction hazard assessment of geotechnical *** coupled flowdeformation behaviour of soils subjected to cyclic loading is described using the PM4Sand model implemented in a three-phase,single-layer SPH framework.A staggered discretisation scheme based on the stress particle SPH approach is adopted to minimise numerical inaccuracies caused by zero-energy modes and tensile ***,non-reflecting boundary conditions for seismic analysis of semi-infinite soil domains using the SPH method are *** numerical framework is employed for the analysis of cyclic direct simple shear test,seismic analysis of a level ground site,and liquefaction-induced failure of the Lower San Fernando *** agreement for liquefaction triggering and post-failure behaviour demonstrates that the SPH framework can be utilised to assess the effect of seismic loading on field-scale geotechnical *** present study also serves as the basis for future advancements of the SPH method for applications related to earthquake geotechnical engineering.

关键词： Earthquake seismic liquefaction stress particle PM4Sand smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)

The use of automatic measurement techniques in the geotechnical monitoring system of PgE giEK S.A.,KWB Turów branch

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International journal of Coal Science & Technology 2022年第6期9卷 89-100页

作者： Milosz bak PgE górnictwo i Energia Konwencjonalna S.A. Turów Coal MineGórników Turowa 159-916 BogatyniaPoland Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Faculty of Civil EngineeringWybrzeze Wyspiańskiego 2750-370 WroclawPoland

geotechnical monitoring currently plays a key role in the research of the processes taking place in the ground medium and preventing hazardous *** the case of open-pit mining,several solutions are commonly used to monitor various geotechnical ***,geotechnical situation is usually assessed based on recorded values of deep and surface displacement,which allow to accurately predict *** measurements are most often carried out manually,which,due to the difficult terrain conditions in the case of open-pit mining,are often timeconsuming and complicated,especially taking into account dangerous landslide ***,in order to ensure a higher degree of safety against the risk of landslides,modern solutions are required in the field of geotechnical *** article presents modern automatic measurement techniques,compares various solutions available on the market and illustrates the benefits of their application in open-pit *** also discusses the expansion and modernization of the control and measurement network at KWB Turów,carried out in recent years,as well as the observational method for controlling the efficiency of stackers,developed after the installation of automated measuring stations,with its impact on the geotechnical safety of an internal waste *** paper as a case study presents,what a modern and effective geotechnical monitoring system should look like,which in practice will ensure continuous observation of selected parameters and enable a quick response in the event of a landslide *** but not least,the author focuses on the creation of an innovative landslide early warning system,implemented at KWB Turów.

关键词： geotechnical monitoring geotechnical hazard Landslides Early warning Automation Mining

Stepping up after spinal cord injury:negotiating an obstacle during walking

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1919-1929页

作者： Alain Frigon Charly g.Lecomte Department of Pharmacology-Physiology Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversitéde SherbrookeCentre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de SherbrookeSherbrookeQCCanada

Every day walking consists of frequent voluntary modifications in the gait pattern to negotiate *** spinal cord injury,stepping over an obstacle becomes *** over an obstacle requires sensorimotor transformations in several structures of the brain,including the parietal cortex,premotor cortex,and motor *** information and planning are transformed into motor commands,which are sent from the motor cortex to spinal neuronal circuits to alter limb trajectory,coordinate the limbs,and maintain *** spinal cord injury,bidirectional communication between the brain and spinal cord is disrupted and animals,including humans,fail to voluntarily modify limb trajectory to step over an ***,in this review,we discuss the neuromechanical control of stepping over an obstacle,why it fails after spinal cord injury,and how it recovers to a certain extent.

关键词： biomechanics locomotion neurophysiology obstacle negotiation spinal cord injury

Organic-walled Microfossils from the Early Middle Cambrian sediments of the Holy Cross Mountains,Poland：Possible Implications for Sedimentary Environment in the SE Margin of the Baltica

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Acta geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第1期91卷 39-50页

作者： Marta bak Lucyna NATKANIEC-NOWAK Beata NAgLIK Krzysztof bak Pawel DULEMBA Faculty of geology Geophysics and Environmental Protection AGH University of Science and Technology Mickiewieza 30 30-059 Krakow Poland Institute of geography Pedagogical University of Cracow Podchorazych 2 30-084 Krak6w Poland

An association of organic-walled microfossils consisting of filamentous cyanobacteria, algal coenobia and acanthomorphic acritarch have been documented from non-calcareous claystones and mudstones of the Pepper Mountains Shale Formation（PMSF）, located in its stratotype area in the Pepper Mountains, which are part of the Holy Cross Mountains in Poland. These sediments represent the oldest strata of the ？ysogóry Unit, deposited on the edge of the East European Craton（Baltica）. Non-branched, ribbon-like and thread-like cyanobacteria trichomes exhibit morphological similarities to families Nostocaceae and Oscillatoriaceae. Cells assembled in rounded to irregular clusters of monospecific agglomerations represent multicellular algal coenobia, attributed to the family Scenedesmaceae. The co-occurrence of acritarchs belonging to species as Eliasum llaniscum, Cristallinium ovillense and Estiastra minima indicates that the studied material corresponds to the lower Middle Cambrian. Deposition of the PMSF took place in shallow marine environment, influenced by periodical freshwater inputs. The varying degree of coloration of organic-walled microfossils is interpreted in this study as factor indication of possible different source of their derivation. Dark brown walls of cells assembled in algal coenobia might have sustained previous humification in humid, terrestrial environments, which preceded their river transport into the sea together with nutrients, causing occasional blooms of cyanobacteria in the coastal environment and the final deposition of both groups of organisms in marine deposits.

关键词： algal coenobia filamentous cyanobacteria acritarchs Cambrian Baltica Holy Cross Mountains

The effect of the dopant's reactivity for high-performance 2D MoS2 thin-film transistor

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Nano Research 2021年第1期14卷 198-204页

作者： Hanleem Lee Sora bak joosung Kim Hyoyoung Lee Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics(CINAP) Institute for Basic Science(IBS)Suwon 16419Republic of Korea Department ofChem istryy Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419Republic of Korea Department of Energy Science Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea Department of Biophysics Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea

There are many studies on the solution-processed thin-film transistor(TFT)using transition metal dichalcogenide(TMD)***,it is hard to control the electrical property of chemically exfoliated TMD materials compared to the chemical vapor deposition *** investigation into the electrical modulation behavior of exfoliated two-dimensional(2D)material is important tofabricate weH-modulated electronic devices via solution ***,we report the effects of reactivity of organic dopants on MoS2 and investigate how the chemical doping behavior influences the electrical properties of *** band state of dopants,which is related to the electron-withdrawing and donating behavior of chemical dopant,provides a proportional shift in the threshold voltages(Vth)of their field-effect transistors(FETs).However,on/off current ratio(Ion/Ioff)and mobility(μ)are strongly influenced by the defect density depending on the reactivity of doping reaction,rather than the band state of organic *** the in-depth study on the doping reaction,we fabricate a FET and a TFT,having high mobility and a relatively high on/off ratio(10^(4))using a solution process.

关键词： 2D materials functionalization thin-film transistor doping defect

Effect of Y and Y_2O_3 on oxidation of AZ91D Mg alloys between 400 ℃ and 500 ℃

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2009年第4期19卷 871-874页

作者： Sang-Hwan bak Dong-Bok LEE School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineerin g Sungkyunkwan University

AZ91D,AZ91D+1%Y,and AZ91D+3%Y2O3(mass fraction) alloys were cast,and oxidized between 400 and 500 ℃ in *** oxidation resistance increased in the order of AZ91D,AZ91D+3%Y2O3,and AZ91D+1%Y,indicating that Y was more effective than Y2O3 in increasing the oxidation resistance of the Mg ***,all the alloys tested experienced ignition because the major oxide was MgO.

关键词：抗氧化性 Y2O3 镁合金 AZ91D 合金铸造质量分数氧化镁氧化物

The Influx of the Tsushima Current into the Central Ulleung Basin of East Sea (Sea of japan), Korea

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Acta geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第6期88卷 1846-1851页

作者： Young-Suk bak Seong-joo LEE The Earth and Environmental System Research Center Chonbuk National University Department of geology Kyungpook National University

A total of 85 samples, collected from the UBgH1-9 core taken from the Ulleung Basin, East Sea, Korea, were analyzed using diatom assemblages. 111 diatom species belonging to 46 genera were identified, and three diatom assemblage zones were established on the basis of occurrence and distribution pattern of diatoms. Diatom assemblage zone I（134.10–174 m） is characterized by a relatively high abundance of marine species, while the increased number of the brackish species is recorded in diatom assemblage zone II（75–125 m）. The assemblage zones IIIa became drastic drop of valve abundances and brackish planktons, whereas it became increase during the IIIb. High Td values which indicate an influence of warm current are recorded both in diatom assemblage zone I and III, and low Td values in diatom assemblage zone II. Analysis of diatom assemblages indicating that the depositional condition moved from oceanic to littoral-neritic environments and that paleotemperature underwent a shift from warm to cold condition at the middle interval, and from cold to warm condition in the upper interval of the UBgH1-9 core. This suggests that the lower（130–162 m） and upper intervals（0–20 m） of the UBgH1-9 core were deposited in the warm current condition（Tsushima Warm Current）.

关键词： assemblage depositional littoral drastic genera abundance oceanic Korea valve preservation

Late Quaternary Paleoclimatic Change in the Ulleung Basin,East Sea,Korea

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Acta geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第1期91卷 263-269页

作者： Young-Suk bak Young-Up LEE The Earth and Environmental System Research Center Chonbuk National University Jeonju 54896 South Korea

Paleoclimatic changes in the late Quaternary sediments deposited in the East Sea were analyzed by studying diatoms. A total of 95 species belonging to 47 genera were identified from the Core02gHP-02 of the Ulleung Basin in the East Sea, Korea. In the Core 02gHP-02, U-Oki（169–181 cm; 9.3 ka）, AT（464–465.5 cm; 22 ka） and U–Ym（556–559 cm; 33 ka） tephra layers were recognized. The chronological divisions of 02gHP-02 may be correlated with the climatic changes from the glacial interval（730–620 cm; MIS3）, to interstadial（620–500 cm; MIS3）, to the last glacial maximum（500–390 cm; MIS 2）, to the deglaciation（390–290 cm; MIS 2）, to the late glacial（290–190 cm; MIS 1）, and to the Holocene（190–10 cm; MIS 1）. It is speculated that diatoms were rarely found during the glacial interval when the 02gHP-02 core was deposited; during the interstadial（MIS 3） and deglaciation, a mixture of warm-water and cold-water species were found. In particular, Fragilariopsis doliolus seems to have appeared in the East Sea after 8 ka BP. In the lower layers of the Holocene deposits, cold-water species such as Neodenticula seminae were frequently found, while in the upper layers, warm-water species such as Hemidiscus cuneiformis were found in relatively large abundance. Therefore, the findings indicate that the climate became warmer during the transition from the lower layer to the upper layer of the Holocene deposits.

关键词： diatoms paleoclimatic change late Quaternary glacial interval MIS

The quantity of sand fraction sediment in reservoirs as the basis of an assessment of the bedload transport from a reservoir catchment

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International journal of Sediment Research 2018年第4期33卷 385-394页

作者： Szczepan Ludwik Dabkowski Lukasz bak Department of Water Quality Institute of Technology and Life Sciences Department of geotechnics Geomatics and Waste Management Kielce University of Technology

A knowledge of the quantity of the sand fraction in the sediments deposited in reservoirs makes it easier to determine the bedload transport, which is a rarely measured parameter. The current study discusses the results of investigations into the siltation and physical properties of sediment in two small reservoirs located in the southeastern part of Poland. Also, the quantity of the bedload sand fraction was *** estimation of the reservoir capacity loss after t years of operation was based on hydroacoustic measurements. The sediment density, organic matter content, and granulometric composition were evaluated by means of investigations and analyses of bottom sediment core samples. The interpolation of the parameters describing the sediment properties was done using the Kriging method. The analyses indicate that 10.80 thousand m3of sediment were deposited into the Zalew Kielecki Reservoir in the years 2004-2015. Their overall mass was 7320 t, of which sand fraction sediments constituted 39.7%.Between the years 2004 and 2014, the Umer Reservoir retained 11.79 thousand m3of sediment having a mass of 7200 t, of which sand fraction constituted 34.6%.

关键词： Reservoir Sedimentation Bottom sediment properties Bedload transport Bathymetry