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HIV protease:late action to prevent immune detection

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第5期6卷 1408-1409页

作者： Konstantin M.j.Sparrer frank Kirchhoff Institute of Molecular Virology Ulm University Medical CenterUlmGermany

A recent study published in Science by Wang and colleagues shows that premature activation of the HIV-1 protease leads to caspase activation and recruitment domain 8(CARD8)inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis of infected macrophages and CD4+T cells(Fig.1).These findings might help to improve approaches aiming to eliminate the latent viral reservoirs upon HIV-1 *** invading viral pathogens trigger the innate immune system and are usually rapidly controlled and eventually *** sense viral intruders via so-called pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)capable of detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs)allowing discrimination between self and *** many cases,these patterns are viral nucleic acids that show pathogen-specific structures or emerge at the wrong localization in the ***,activation of PRRs by their respective ligands leads to the induction of various anti-viral signaling cascades,among them the inflammasome.

关键词： eventually action eliminate

Spectro-Microscopy of Living Plant Cells

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Molecular Plant 2012年第1期5卷 14-26页

作者： Klaus Hatter Alfred j. Meixner frank Schleifenbaum Center for Plant Molecular Biology （ZMBP） Plant Physiology and Biophysical Chemistry University of Tubingen Auf der Morgenstelle 1 72076 Tuebingen Germany Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry （IPTC） Nano-Optics University of Tubingen Auf der Morgenstelle 8 72076 Tubingen Germany

Spectro-microscopy, a combination of fluorescence microscopy with spatially resolved spectroscopic techni- ques, provides new and exciting tools for functional cell biology in living organisms. This review focuses on recent devel- opments in spectro-microscopic applications for the investigation of living plant cells in their native tissue context. The application of spectro-microscopic methods led to the recent discovery of a fast signal response pathway for the brassi- nosteroide receptor BRI1 in the plasma membrane of living plant cells. Moreover, the competence of different plant cell types to respond to environmental or endogenous stimuli was determined in vivo by correlation analysis of different optical and spectroscopic readouts such as fluorescence lifetime （FLT）. Furthermore, a new spectro-microscopic technique, fluorescence intensity decay shape analysis microscopy （FIDSAM）, has been developed. FIDSAM is capable of imaging low- expressed fluorophore-tagged proteins at high spatial resolution and precludes the misinterpretation of autofluorescence artifacts. In addition, FIDSAM provides a very effective and sensitive tool on the basis of F6rster resonance energy transfer （FRET） for the qualitative and quantitative determination of protein-protein interaction. Finally, we report on the quan- titative analysis of the photosystem I and II （PSI/PSII） ratio in the chloroplasts of living Arabidopsis plants at room tem- perature, using high-resolution, spatially resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. With this technique, it was not only possible to measure PSI/PSII ratios, but also to demonstrate the differential competence of wild-type and carbohydrate-deficient plants to adapt the PSI/PSII ratio to different light conditions. In summary, the information content of standard microscopic images is extended by several dimensions by the use of spectro-microscopic approaches. Therefore, novel cell physiolog- ical and molecular topics can be addressed and valuable insigh

关键词： Fluorescence microscopy FLIM FRET photosystems protein-protein interaction FIDSAM.

How to identify which patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis could benefit from endarterectomy or stenting

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2018年第2期3卷 92-100页

作者： Kosmas I Paraskevas frank j Veith j David Spence Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Royal Free HospitalLondonUK Department of Vascular Surgery New York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUSA Department of Vascular Surgery Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA Stroke Prevention&Atherosclerosis Research Centre Robarts Research InstituteWestern UniversityLondonCanada

Offering routine carotid endarterectomy(CEA)or carotid artery stenting(CAS)to patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis(ACS)is no longer considered as the optimal management of these *** suboptimal,however,is the policy of offering only best medical treatment(BMT)to all patients with ACS and not considering any of them for prophylactic *** the last few years,there have been many studies aiming to identify reliable predictors of future cerebrovascular events that would allow the identification of patients with high-risk ACS and offer a prophylactic carotid intervention only to these patients to prevent them from becoming *** patients with ACS should receive *** present article will summarise the evidence suggesting ways to identify these high-risk asymptomatic individuals,namely:(1)microemboli detection on transcranial Doppler,(2)plaque echolucency on Duplex ultrasound,(3)progression in the severity of ACS,(4)silent embolic infarcts on brain CT/MRI,(5)reduced cerebrovascular reserve,(6)increased size of juxtaluminal hypoechoic area,(7)identification of intraplaque haemorrhage using MRI and(8)carotid *** evidence suggests that approximately 10%-15%of patents with asymptomatic stenosis might benefit from intervention;this will become more clear after publication of ongoing studies comparing stenting or endarterectomy with best medical *** the meantime,no patient should be offered intervention unless there is evidence of high risk of ipsilateral stroke,from modalities such as those discussed here.

关键词： patients carotid stenosis

Cap snatch prevention:a novel approach to tackle influenza viruses

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第6期8卷 2435-2436页

作者： Konstantin M.j.Sparrer frank Kirchhoff Institute of Molecular Virology Ulm University Medical CenterUlmGermany

A recent study published in Science1 by Tsukamoto and colleagues shows that a derivative of tubercidin,a natural product from Streptomyces,selectively inhibits influenza A and B viruses(IAV and IBV,respectively).The compound targets the host RNA methyltransferase MTr1,and thus prevents viral“cap snatching”(Fig.1).These results may help to develop novel drugs that target viral host dependency factors and are thus less likely to induce viral resistance.

关键词： prevention influenza likely

Gas separation using porous cement membrane

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第1期26卷 140-146页

作者： Weiqi Zhang Maria Gaggl Gregor j.G.Gluth frank Behrendt Berlin Institute of Technology Department of Energy Engineering Chair EVUR Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Berlin Institute of Technology Chair of Building Materials BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Division 7.4 Technology of Construction Materials

Gas separation is a key issue in various industrial fields. Hydrogen has the potential for application in clean fuel technologies. Therefore, the separation and purification of hydrogen is an important research subject. CO2 capture and storage have important roles in ＂green chemistry＂. As an effective clean technology, gas separation using inorganic membranes has attracted much attention in the last several decades. Membrane processes have many applications in the field of gas separation. Cement is one type of inorganic material, with the advantages of a lower cost and a longer lifespan. An experimental setup has been created and improved to measure twenty different cement membranes. The purpose of this work was to investigate the influence of gas molecule properties on the material transport and to explore the influence of operating conditions and membrane composition on separation efficiency. The influences of the above parameters are determined, the best conditions and membrane type are found, it is shown that cementitious material has the ability to separate gas mixtures, and the gas transport mechanism is studied.

关键词： gas separation porous membrane clean fuel cement membrane inorganic membranes

From basic properties to the Mott design of correlated delafossites

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1084-1100页

作者： frank Lechermann European XFEL SchenefeldGermany Center for Computational Quantum Physics Flatiron InstituteNew YorkNYUSA

The natural-heterostructure concept realized in delafossites highlights these layered *** metallic,band-or Mott-insulating character may be associated with individual layers,inter-layer coupling still plays a decisive *** review the correlated electronic structure of PdCoO_(2),PdCrO_(2),and AgCrO_(2),showing that layer-entangled electronic states can deviate from standard classifications of interacting *** finding opens up possibilities for materials design in a subtle Mott-critical *** Hidden-Mott physics,correlation-induced semimetallicity,or Dirac/flat-band dispersions in a Mott background are emerging *** with achievements in the experimental preparation,this inaugurates an exciting research field in the arena of correlated materials.

关键词： materials metallic showing

Playing Inside the Lines： The Fold, the Dispositif, and the Return Home

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Language and Semiotic Studies 2018年第2期4卷 51-66页

作者： frank j. Macke Mercer University USA

This paper seeks to examine a particular aspect of the communicological dynamic of play and boundaries. Working from an existential concept of play as creative, dialogic expression （and as the vehicle of new experience and new thought）, I will explore the human experience of limits, borders, and scaffolds. The existence of a grammar is vital to the function of both a language and a cultural system. But, as speakers and participants, we do not learn the language from the outside in. That is, we start speaking the language before we know anything about it. As infants, we hear sounds and observe gestures and we imitate them. Within this fold, we gain consciousness of an outside. Mastery of grammars and codes enable us to enter worlds seemingly closed off by boundaries, seemingly transforming alien and outsider status into group membership and inhabitant. As such, this paper opens up the question of what it means to be outside and inside. The standpoint of this paper is semiotic, phenomenological, and psychoanalytic. To this end, the essay will closely engage with the thinking of Merlean-Ponty, Deleuze, Foucault, and Kristeva.

关键词： language acquisition fold flesh (chiasm) Deleuze Foucault Chora Kristeva

Magnesium research in Canada:Highlights of the last two decades

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journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第10期11卷 3484-3510页

作者： frank Czerwinski Natural Resources Canada CanmetMATERIALSHamiltonONCanada

The highlights of major Canadian research projects of last two decades that aimed at advancing applications of magnesium and its alloys,being at the heart of lightweighting and ecological sustainability, are outlined. The research at universities, government laboratories, and other dedicated institutions, funded primarily through federal programs, was accompanied by strong activities of the industrial sector involved in designing and building the machinery for magnesium processing and production of components from magnesium alloys. The overall research directions matched the global trends of overcoming the key challenges that prevent magnesium alloys to play the major role in large-scale applications. Among industrially oriented projects the processing technologies in liquid, semisolid and solid states such as casting, twin roll casting, injection molding, rolling, extrusion, forging, and joining techniques were frequently pursued. Although the fundamental research aimed at understanding of a variety of magnesium behaviors and structural peculiarities up to nano and atomic levels, its essence spread around the inherently poor formability and high reactivity at room and elevated temperatures, including the ignition/flammability *** recent years, a shift in research interests was observed and novel directions emerged such as magnesium air batteries, biodegradable alloys, additive manufacturing, and magnesium-rich high entropy alloys. The volume of data gathered in this report may constitute a base for specifically oriented assessments, analyses, and drawing conclusions.

关键词： Magnesium Magnesium alloys Processing technologies Canadian research projects

Sodium lanthanide fluoride core-shell nanocrystals： A general perspective on epitaxial shell growth

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Nano Research 2013年第8期6卷 547-561页

作者： Noah j. j. johnson frank C. j. M. van Veggel Department of Chemistry University ofVictoria P.O. Box3065 Victoria British Columbia Canada V8W 3V6

Understanding the structural characteristics and growth mechanism（s） are essen-tial for generating core-shell nano-heterostructures with distinctive properties. Especially in lanthanide-based nanocrystals, rational design of the core-shell composition can be utilized to enhance/tune the optical properties of the final nanostructure, or can be used to integrate multiple functional applications （e.g., luminescent/magnetic）. In this article, we review the progress in our current understanding of the epitaxial shell growth in sodium lanthanide fluoride （NaLnF4） nanocrystals. In order to understand epitaxial shell growth the core nanocrystals have to be uniform, and to date the synthesis of high quality near uniform size/shape dispersion controlled synthesis of lanthanide-based nanocrystals has been achieved mainly with this class of nanocrystals. The progress in core-shell synthesis and the epitaxial shell growth mechanism in this class of nanocrystals （NaLnF4） are reviewed, and a general perspective is provided on the core-shell morphology based on different characterization techniques. While there has been tremendous progress in studying the impact of core-shell structures in various functional applications, this review also highlights, in our view, the still limited understanding of ways to control the core-shell morphology and it emphasizes some important, unanswered questions that remain to be addressed to maximize their performance.

关键词： upconvertingnanocrystals core-shell lanthanides epitaxy