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dimensional analysis and extended hydrodynamic theory applied to long-rod penetration of ceramics

defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第4期12卷 334-342页

作者： j.d.clayton Impact Physics RdRL-WMP-C US Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground A.james Clark School of Engineering University of Maryland College Park

Principles of dimensional analysis are applied in a new interpretation of penetration of ceramic targets subjected to hypervelocity impact. The analysis results in a power series representation – in terms of inverse velocity – of normalized depth of penetration that reduces to the hydrodynamic solution at high impact velocities. Specifically considered are test data from four literature sources involving penetration of confined thick ceramic targets by tungsten long rod projectiles. The ceramics are Ad-995 alumina, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, and boron *** data can be accurately represented by the linear form of the power series, whereby the same value of a single fitting parameter applies remarkably well for all four ceramics. Comparison of the present model with others in the literature(e.g., Tate's theory) demonstrates a target resistance stress that depends on impact velocity, linearly in the limiting case. Comparison of the present analysis with recent research involving penetration of thin ceramic tiles at lower typical impact velocities confirms the importance of target properties related to fracture and shear strength at the Hugoniot Elastic Limit(HEL) only in the latter. In contrast, in the former(i.e., hypervelocity and thick target) experiments, the current analysis demonstrates dominant dependence of penetration depth only by target mass density. Such comparisons suggest transitions from microstructure-controlled to density-controlled penetration resistance with increasing impact velocity and ceramic target *** and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of China Ordnance Society.

关键词： Ceramics Terminal ballistics Armor dimensional analysis Hydrodynamics

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Beginning from the end:the presynaptic terminal as a pathomechanism hub in frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3217-3218页

作者： Laura Huggon Emma L.clayton UK dementia Research Institute at King’s College London LondonUK department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Psychiatry Psychology&NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK

Frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:Frontotemporal dementia(F T d)and amyo t rophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)are neurodegenerative diseases with significant overlapping *** these neurodegenerative diseases affect different neuronal populations(with FTd affecting neurons of the frontal and temporal lobes,and ALS affecting upper and lower motor neurons),these two diseases are complexly *** and ALS exist on a disease spectrum,with shared genetic causes,clinical presentations,and pathologies.

关键词： diseases amyotrophic sclerosis

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Treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles: a case report

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1207-1216页

作者： Pascal j.Goldschmidt-Clermont Aisha Khan George jimsheleishvili Patricia Graham Adriana Brooks Risset Silvera Alexander j.P.Goldschmidt damien d.Pearse W.dalton dietrich Allan d.Levi james d.Guest Miller School of Medicine University of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Stem Cell Institute Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Alzady International LLC MiamiFLUSA Neurological Surgery Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA

Schwann cells are essential for the maintenance and function of motor neurons,axonal networks,and the neuromuscular *** amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,where motor neuron function is progressively lost,Schwann cell function may also be ***,important signaling and potential trophic activities of Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles have been *** case report describes the treatment of a patient with advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using serial intravenous infusions of allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles,marking,to our knowledge,the first instance of such *** 81-year-old male patient presented with a 1.5-year history of rapidly progressive amyotrophic lateral *** initial diagnosis,the patient underwent a combination of generic riluzole,sodium phenylbutyrate for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and *** patient volunteered to participate in an FdA-approved single-patient expanded access treatment and received weekly intravenous infusions of allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles to potentially restore impaired Schwann cell and motor neuron *** confirmed that cultured Schwann cells obtained from the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient via sural nerve biopsy appeared impaired(senescent)and that exposure of the patient’s Schwann cells to allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles,cultured expanded from a cadaver donor improved their growth capacity in *** a period of observation lasting 10 weeks,during which amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised and pulmonary function were regularly monitored,the patient received weekly consecutive infusions of 1.54×1012(×2),and then consecutive infusions of 7.5×1012(×6)allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles diluted in 40 mL of dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered *** of the infusions were associated with adverse events such as infusion reactions(allergic or otherwise)or

关键词： allogeneic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis exosomes infusion neuromuscular junction Schwann cell

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Computational Modeling of dual-Phase Ceramics with Finsler-Geometric Phase Field Mechanics

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2019年第8期120卷 333-350页

作者： john d.clayton US ARL Impact Physics BranchAberdeen Proving GroundMD21005-5066USA

A theory invoking concepts from differential geometry of generalized Finsler space in conjunction with diffuse interface modeling is described and implemented in finite element(FE)simulations of dual-phase polycrystalline ceramic *** parameters accounting for fracture and other structural transformations,notably partial dislocation slip,twinning,or phase changes,are dimensionless entries of an internal state vector of generalized pseudo-Finsler *** investigated in computations are a boron carbide-titanium diboride(B4C-TiB2)composite and a diamond-silicon carbide(C-SiC)*** mechanisms-in addition to elasticity and cleavage fracture in grains of any phase-include restricted dislocation glide(TiB2 phase),deformation twinning(B4C and-SiC phases),and stress-induced amorphization(B4C phase).The metric tensor of generalized Finsler space is scaled conformally according to dilatation induced by cavitation or other fracture modes and densification induced by phase *** of pure shear consider various morphologies and lattice *** of microstructure on overall strength of each composite are *** B4C-TiB2,minor improvements in shear strength and ductility are observed with an increase in the second phase from 10 to 18%by volume,suggesting that residual stresses or larger-scale crack inhibition may be responsible for toughness gains reported *** diamond-SiC,a composite consisting of diamond crystals encapsulated in a nano-crystalline SiC matrix shows improved strength and ductility relative to a two-phase composite with isolated bulk SiC grains.

关键词： Micromechanics ceramic composites,Finsler space differential geometry phase field finite elements

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Anti-amyloid antibodies in Alzheimer’s disease: what did clinical trials teach us?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1092-1093页

作者： danko jeremic Lydia jiménez-díaz juan d.Navarro-López NeuroPhysiology&Behavior Lab University of Castilla-La ManchaBiomedical Research Center(CRIB)School of Medicine of Ciudad RealCiudad RealSpain

Although many causes of Alzheimer’s disease(Ad)may exist,both the original amyloid cascade and tau hypotheses posit that abnormal misfolding and accumulation of amyloid-β(Aβ)and tau protein is the central event causing the ***,that conclusion could be only partly true,and there is conflicting evidence about the role of both proteins in Ad,being able to precede and influence one *** researchers argue that these proteins are mere executors rather than primary causes of ***,there have been continuing refinements of both hypotheses,with alternative explanations proposed.Aβand tau proteins may be independently involved in specific neurotoxic pathways;yet there may be other crucial processes going on in early ***,accumulating evidence suggests that Aβand tau act synergistically,rather than additively in disease onset(jeremic et al.,2021,2023a).

关键词： amyloid Alzheimer additive

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Remaking a connection:molecular players involved in post-injury synapse formation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1719-1720页

作者： diogo Tomé Ramiro d.Almeida iBiMEd-Institute of Biomedicine Department of Medical SciencesUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal

Functional recovery from central nervous system(CNS)trauma depends not only on axon regeneration or compensatory sprouting of uninjured fibers but also on the ability of newly grown axons to establish functional synapses with appropriate *** several studies have successfully promoted long-distance axonal regeneration in distinct CNS injury models,none of them have resulted in a viable therapeutic approach for patient recovery.A possible reason may be the lack of new synaptogenesis for reestablishing the circuitry lost after ***,we discuss how our understanding of the mechanisms that instruct synapse formation in the injured nervous system may contribute to the design of new strategies to promote functional restoration in traumatic CNS disorders.

关键词： viable injury instru

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Apples to oranges:environmentally derived,dynamic regulation of serotonin neuron subpopulations in adulthood?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2596-2597页

作者： Christopher j.O’Connell Matthew j.Robson department of Genetics College of MedicineHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA james L.Winkle College of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Neuroscience Graduate Program College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA

Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a public health problem with an undue economic burden that impacts nearly every age,ethnic,and gender group across the globe(Capizzi et al.,2020).TBIs are often sustained during a dynamic range of exposures to energetic environmental forces and as such outcomes are typically heterogeneous regarding severity and pathology(Capizzi et al.,2020).

关键词： sustained orange dynamic

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Interpretation of tangential and radial pressure cells in and on sprayed concrete tunnel linings

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Underground Space 2021年第5期6卷 516-527页

作者： Benoit d.jones Chris R.I.clayton Inbye Engineering Limited Coventry CV12NPUK department of Engineering University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK

It is important to be able to measure stresses in tunnel linings to verify design assumptions and validate numerical *** sprayed concrete-lined tunnels,continuous monitoring of stresses from the time of spraying onwards is desirable,and this can only be achieved using pressure cells installed on and in the sprayed concrete *** there has been some success in using radial pressure cells between the ground and the lining,a method for obtaining reliable absolute values of stress from tangential pressure cells embedded in the sprayed concrete has not been *** paper describes numerical and experimental studies of the behavior of pressure cells for monitoring stresses in a sprayed concrete lining and describes an original methodology to achieve reliable *** particular,data from tangential pressure cells require careful interpretation,as they are sensitive to temperature,and this temperature sensitivity is found in parametric numerical analyses to vary as the stiffness of the concrete and its coefficient of thermal expansion evolve at early *** pressure cells are also sensitive to shrinkage strains in the concrete,and a methodology for removing this effect is *** the approach described in this paper,it is now possible to use pressure cells to measure absolute values of stresses in and on sprayed concrete tunnel linings from early age into the *** example of radial and tangential pressure cells installed in the Heathrow Terminal 4 concourse tunnel is used to illustrate the methodology.

关键词： Lining stresses Sprayed concrete Shotcrete Monitoring Pressure cells

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Biochemical dissection of STAT3 signaling in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3229-3230页

作者： Savina Apolloni Nadia d’Ambrosi department of Biology University of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of upper and lower motor neurons,clinically marked by muscle atrophy and *** the clinical course is highly variable,the average time from the onset of symptoms to the need for respiratory support or death is 3-5 *** is the most prevalent motor neuron disease in adults,occurring at a rate of 2 per 100,000 individuals and affecting 5.4 per 100,000 individuals overall.

关键词： STAT3 dissection sclerosis

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Gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy:perspectives on the possibility of optimizing SMN1 delivery to correct all neurological and systemic perturbations

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2011-2012页

作者： Sharon j.Brown Rafael j.Yáñez-Muñoz Heidi R.Fuller School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering Keele UniversityKeeleUK Wolfson Center for Inherited Neuromuscular disease TORCH BuildingRJAH Orthopaedic HospitalOswestryUK *** Center of Gene and Cell TherapyDepartment of Biological SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and the EnvironmentRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK

Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)is a genetic condition that results in selective lower motor neuron loss with concomitant muscle weakness and *** genetic cause of SMA was understood in 1995 when loss or impairment of the survival motor neuron 1(SMN1)gene was identified as the main contributing factor(Lefebvre et al.,1995).This,in combination with the discovery that humans have a“back-up”gene,SMN2,which can produce low levels(approximately 10%)of the full-length functional SMN protein,has led to the generation of SMA-specific gene *** was traditionally classified according to age of symptom onset and developmental milestones achieved,with life expectancy and severity varying between ***,SMN2 copy number is used as a proxy for the prediction of disease severity,with higher SMN2 copy number typically being associated with reduced severity of SMA,although this relationship is not absolute:some individuals with low SMN2 copy number have less severe SMA phenotypes and vice ***,the etiology of SMA is further complicated by other factors,such as non-typical nucleotide variants and SMN2-independent modifiers of disease severity.

关键词： atrophy traditionally absolute

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