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Influence of grain size on strength of polymineralic crystalline rock: New insights from DEM grain-based modeling

journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第4期13卷 755-766页

作者： jun Peng louis Ngai Yuen Wong Cee Ing Teh Department of Earth Sciences The University of Hong KongHong KongChina School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation The University of Hong KongShenzhenChina

Grain size effect on rock strength is a topic of great interest in geotechnical engineering.A consensus obtained from earlier laboratory tests is that rock strength generally decreases with the increase of grain size for both silicate and carbonate rocks;however,some recent numerical results conflict with such laboratory test *** address this intriguing issue,the effect of grain size on strength of polymineralic crystalline rock with low porosity is investigated numerically using the grain-based modeling(GBM)approach in discrete element method(DEM)by interpreting micro-cracking process in response to *** agreement with some previous DEM simulation results,the simulated rock strength is found to increase with increasing grain size for both homogeneous and heterogeneous models,even when the number of assembled disks in one mineral grain *** mechanism of strength increase with increasing grain size is mainly associated with the number of assembled smooth-joint contacts along grain interfaces and the generation of grain boundary cracks in response to *** grain interfaces significantly weaken the integrity of the rock model,which is similar to effects of inherent defects in real *** the grain size increases,fewer grain interfaces are built in the model and the rock strength becomes much ***,by solely changing the mineral grain size in a model,the mechanism of grain size effect as observed in laboratory tests cannot be *** address this issue,a method of degradation of grain boundary strength parameters is used to mimic the possible mechanism of grain size *** simulated strength using the method becomes comparable with those obtained from laboratory tests when the heterogeneity in the rock is *** of grain boundary parameters with increasing grain size provides a plausible explanation for the grain size effect on rock strength.

关键词： Grain size Rock strength Grain-based modeling(GBM)approach Grain boundary Micro-cracking behavior

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Recent insights into androgen action on the anatomical and physiological substrate of penile erection

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Asian journal of Andrology 2006年第1期8卷 3-9页

作者： louis j.G.Gooren Farid Saad Department of Endocrinology Andrology SectionVrije Universiteit Medical Center1007 MB AmsterdamThe Netherlands Gulf Medical College Medical University of theUnited Arab Emirates2563 Ajman UAE Andrology DepartmentSchering AG13342 BerlinGermany

Erectile response is centrally and peripherally regulated by androgens. The original insights into the mechanisms of action of androgens were that androgens particularly exert effects on libido and that erections in response to erotic stimuli were relatively androgen-independent. It was shown that sexual functions in men required androgen levels at the low end of reference values of testosterone. So it seemed that testosterone was not useful treatment for men with erectile difficulties, particularly following the advent of the phosphodiesterase type 5 （PDE5） inhibitors. However, approximately 50% of those treated with PDE5 inhibitors discontinue their treatment. A number of recent developments shed new light on testosterone treatment of erectile dysfunction （ED） in aging men. （1） A recent insight is that, in contrast to younger men, elderly men might require higher levels of testosterone for normal sexual functioning. （2） Several studies have indicated that PDE5 inhibitors are not always sufficient to restore erectile potency in men, and that testosterone improves the therapeutical response to PDE5 inhibitors considerably. （3） There is growing insight that testosterone has profound effects on tissues of the penis involved in the mechanism of erection and that testosterone deficiency impairs the anatomical and physiological substrate of erectile capacity, reversible upon androgen replacement. The synthesis of PDE5 is upregulated by androgens, and the arterial inflow into the penis is improved by giving androgen. The above invites a re-examination of the merits of giving testosterone to aging men with ED. The beneficial effects of PDE5 inhibitors may only be optimally expressed in a eugonadal environment. （Asian j.androl 2006 jan; 8： 3-9）

关键词： testosterone erection corpus cavernosum phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors

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Ron receptor-dependent gene regulation in a mouse model of endotoxin-induced acute liver failure

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2012年第4期11卷 383-392页

作者： Rishikesh M Kulkarni louis W Kutcher William D Stuart Daniel j Carson Mike A Leonis Susan E Waltz Departments of Cancer and Cell Biology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH 45267-0521USA Biology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH 45267-0521USA Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH 45229USA Department of Research Shriner's Hospital for Children and Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical CenterCincinnatiOH 45267-0521USA

BACKGROUND:Prior experimentation has shown that loss of the tyrosine kinase(TK) signaling domain of the Ron receptor leads to marked hepatocyte protection in a model of lipopolysaccharideinduced acute liver failure(ALF) in D-galactosamine(GalN)sensitized *** aim of this study was to identify the role of Ron in the regulation of hepatic gene ***:Microarray analyses were performed on liver RNA isolated sequentially from wild-type(WT) and TK-/mice during the progression of *** array data were validated using Western and immunohistochemistry analyses as well as with ex vivo culture ***:At baseline,101 genes were differentially expressed between WT and TK-/-livers,which regulate processes involved in hypoxia,proliferation,apoptosis and *** hour after ALF induction,WT livers exhibited increased cytokine expression compared to TK-/-livers,and after 4 hours,an induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling(SOCS) genes as well as jAK-STAT pathway activation were prominent in TK-/livers compared to ***:Our studies suggest a novel hepato-protective mechanism in Ron TK-/-mice wherein increased and sustained SOCS production and jAK-STAT activation in the hepatocyte may inhibit the destructive proinflammatory milieu and promote survival factors which blunt hepatic death and the ensuing development of ALF.

关键词： Mst1R suppressors of cytokine signaling Met receptor hepatocyte growth factor-like protein

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Post-keratoplasty astigmatism management by relaxing incisions:a systematic review

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Eye and Vision 2017年第1期4卷 174-180页

作者： Gaëlle Ho Wang Yin louis Hoffart Ophthalmology Department Aix-Marseille University-APHMHôpital de la Timone264 rue Saint Pierre13385 Marseille Cedex 5France Institut Fresnel UMR 7249 Aix Marseille UniversitéCNRSCentrale MarseilleDomaine universitaire de Saint-Jérôme Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemen13397 Marseille cedex 20France CERIMED Aix-Marseille University27 Boulevard Jean-Moulin13385 Marseille cedex 05France Ramsay Générale de Santé Clinique Monticelli-VelodromeMarseilleFrance

Postoperative visual acuity can be limited by post-keratoplasty astigmatism,even with a clear corneal *** management can be performed by selective suture removal,adjustment of sutures,optical correction,photorefractive procedures,wedge resection,intra-ocular lens implantation,intracorneal ring segments,relaxing incisions with or without compression sutures and repeated *** incisions can be made in the graft,graft-host interface or host *** the unpredictability of the method because the flat and steep meridians are usually not orthogonal after penetrating keratoplasty,with asymmetric power distribution,all the studies showed an overall reduction of refractive,keratometric or topographic astigmatism,ranging from 30%to 72%with manual or femtosecond-assisted *** patients with astigmatism higher than 6 diopters had residual cylinder less than or equal to 3 diopters,which can be treated by laser excimer ablation or secondary intraocular lens implantation.

关键词： Penetrating keratoplasty Astigmatic keratotomy Relaxing incisions Femtosecond laser

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Coronary heart disease incidence and competing risks： an important issue

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journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2017年第7期14卷 425-429页

作者： Paolo Emilio Puddu Peter louis Amaduzzi Beatrice Ricci Department of Cardiovascular Respiratory Nephrological Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences Sapienza University of Rome italy Department of Experimental Diagnostics and Specialty Medicine Univerity of Bologna Italy

The estimation of lifetime morbid events is not a rare presentation of relatively old and of more recent epidemi- ological investigations, accompanied by evaluating rates, risks and predictors （more in general determinants or risk factors）. However, when the follow-up period is very long and Kaplan-Meier survival curves are adopted, or Kaplan- Meier-based more complex models such as Cox＇s analysis are used, clinical （or epidemiological） reality may well be distorted since by these survival methods risks tend to be overestimated, whereas survival tends to be reduced.

关键词： Coronary heart disease Competing risks The elderly

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Former athletes’ lifestyle and self-definition changes after retirement from sports

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第4期9卷 376-383页

作者： Pierre-Luc Yao louis Laurencelle Fran¸cois Trudeau Department of Human Kinetics Universite du Quebeca Trois-RivieresTrois-RivieresQuebec 999040Canada Department of Psychology Universite duQuebeca Trois-RivieresTrois-RivieresQuebec 999040Canada

Background:Every high-level athlete will eventually see his or her sport career come to an *** former athletes will experience changes in their self-definition and everyday behaviors as they accept a nonathletic way of *** present study aimed to identify discrepancies between actual and former athletes regarding athletic identity,physical activity(PA),and nutrition ***:Actual athletes(AA;n=122),former athletes(FA;n=230),and nonathletes(NA;n=74)were asked to complete an online questionnaire on athletic identity,duration and intensity levels of occupational and leisure time PA,and nutritional ***:FA healthy nutrition score was the lowest of the 3 groups and significantly different from that of *** identity and intense and moderate PA during leisure time consistently decreased(pFA>NA).No significant difference between FA and NA was found regarding either nutritional habits or type of ***:Sport retirement may affect FA quality of nutritional habits that tends to decline below the NA level,as well as the amount of time spent practicing physical activities during leisure *** status does not ensure PA practice during sport postcareer.

关键词： Athletic identity Nutrition Physical activity Sport retirement

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China’s Pattern of Growth: Moving to Sustainability and Reducing Inequality

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China & World Economy 2006年第1期14卷 1-14页

作者： louis Kuijs Tao Wang Senior Economist World Bank Beijing Office Beijing China Senior Economist International Monetary Fund Washington DC USA

This paper uses both macro level and sectoral data to study the sources and pattern of China＇s impressive economic growth over the last 25 years. Extending the growth accounting framework, we show that widening inequality, rural poverty, and resource intensity are to a large extent rooted in China＇s growth strategy, and resolving them requires a rebalancing of policies. We find that growth of investment in the industn＇al sector has been the single most important factor driving gross domestic product and overall labor productivity growth since the early 1990s. The shift of labor from low-productivity agriculture has been limited. The productivity gap between agriculture and the rest of the economy has continued to widen, leading to increased rura-urban income inequality. Continuing with the current growth pattern would further increase already high investment and saving needs to unsustainable levels, lower urban employment growth, and widen the rural-urban income gap. However, reducing subsidies to industry and investment, encouraging the development of the services industry, and reducing barriers to labor mobility would result in a more balanced growth and a substantial reduction in the income gap between rural and urban residents.

关键词： income inequality labor productivity labor relocation pattern of growth

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Management of BPH then 2000 and now 2016-From BPH to BPO

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Asian journal of Urology 2017年第3期4卷 138-147页

作者： johan Braeckman louis Denis Department of Urology UZ BrusselBrusselsBelgium Oncology Center Antwerp(OCA) AntwerpBelgium

The diagnosis and treatment of benign prostatic obstruction(BPO)is based on a number of well-known lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS)feared by all ageing males with functional *** ascent of modern urology turned this disease from lethal into an annoying but treatable health problem in the previous *** are able to relieve the great majority of patients from their bothersome symptoms to a respectable quality of life by medication or removal of the obstructive part of the enlarged *** can be proud of some progress made in the new millennium to reach a correct diagnosis and subsequent choice of treatment aiming for quality of life and cost-efficiency for public *** it remains symptomatic treatment and we expect the new generation of urologists to close some gaps in our knowledge on the regulation of prostatic growth to focus on prevention and elimination of the disease in the foreseeable future.

关键词： Benign prostate hyperplasia Benign prostatic obstruction Lower urinary tract symptoms Pharmacological treatment Transurethral resection of the prostate Laser prostatectomy Minimal invasive treatment

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Regulation of Myelination in the Central Nervous System by Nuclear Lamin B1 and Non-coding RNAs

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2014年第1期3卷 13-20页

作者： Shu-Ting Lin Mary Y Heng louis j Ptáček Ying-Hui Fu Department of Neurology University of California1550 Fourth streetUCSF-Mission BayRock Hall 548San FranciscoCA 94158USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94158USA

Adult-onset autosomal dominant leukodystrophy(ADLD)is a progressive and fatal hereditary demyelination disorder characterized initially by autonomic dysfunction and loss of myelin in the central nervous system(CNS).Majority of ADLD is caused by a genomic duplication of the nuclear lamin B1 gene(LMNB1)encoding lamin B1 protein,resulting in increased gene dosage in brain *** vitro,excessive lamin B1 at the cellular level reduces transcription of myelin genes,leading to premature arrest of oligodendrocyte *** models of ADLD overexpressing LMNB1 exhibited age-dependent motor deficits and myelin defects,which are associated with reduced occupancy of the Yin Yang 1 transcription factor at the promoter region of the proteolipid protein *** B1 overexpression mediates oligodendrocyte cell-autonomous neuropathology in ADLD and suggests lamin B1 as an important regulator of myelin formation and maintenance during *** of microRNA-23(miR-23)as a negative regulator of lamin B1 can ameliorate the consequences of excessive lamin B1 at the cellular ***-23a-overexpressing mice display enhanced oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin ***-23a targets include a protein coding transcript PTEN(phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10),and a long noncoding RNA(2700046G09Rik),indicating a unique role for miR-23a in the coordination of proteins and noncoding RNAs in generating and maintaining healthy ***,we provide a concise review of the current literature on clinical presentations of ADLD and how lamin B1 affects myelination and other developmental ***,we address the emerging role of non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)in modulating gene networks,specifically investigating miR-23 as a potential target for the treatment of ADLD and other demyelinating disorders.

关键词： Lamin Long non-coding RNA MicroRNA Myelin

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Has global deforestation accelerated due to the COVID-19 pandemic?

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journal of Forestry Research 2023年第4期34卷 1153-1165页

作者： jonnathan Céspedes janelle M.Sylvester Lisset Pérez-Marulanda Paula Paz-Garcia louis Reymondin Mehran Khodadadi jhon j.Tello Augusto Castro-Nunez The Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) Km 17 Recta Cali-PalmiraCaliColombia Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research(ZALF) MünchebergGermany

As the COVID-19 pandemic unfolded,questions arose as to whether the pandemic would amplify or pacify tropical *** reports warned of increased deforestation rates;however,these studies were limited to a few months in 2020 or to selected *** better understand how the pandemic infl uenced tropical deforestation globally,this study used historical deforestation data(2004–2019)from the Terra-i pantropical land cover change monitoring system to project expected deforestation trends for 2020,which were used to determine whether observed deforestation deviated from expected trajectories after the fi rst COVID-19 cases were *** series analyses were conducted at the regional level for the Americas,Africa and Asia and at the country level for Brazil,Colombia,Peru,the Democratic Republic of Congo and *** results suggest that the pandemic did not alter the course of deforestation trends in some countries(e.g.,Brazil,Indonesia),while it did in others(e.g.,Peru).We posit the importance of monitoring the long-term eff ects of the pandemic on deforestation trends as countries prioritize economic recovery in the aftermath of the pandemic.

关键词： Deforestation COVID-19 Time series Terra-i Drivers of deforestation monitoring

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