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Effects of monoculture-conditioned soils on common tallgrass prairie species productivity

journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第3期12卷 474-484页

作者： Thomas P.McKenna Brian j.Darby Kathryn A.Yurkonis Kansas Biological Survey University of Kansas2101 Constant Ave.Takeru Higuchi HallLawrenceKS 66047USA Department of Biology University of North Dakota10 Cornell Street Stop 9019Grand ForksND 58202USA

Aims Within biodiversity-ecosystem function experiments,it is widely understood that yields of some species rapidly decline when planted in *** effect may arise due to decreased access to soil nutrients or an increase in detrimental soil patho-gens within monoculture *** determine whether or not soil conditioning affects tall grass prairie species biomass produc-tion,we conducted a field experiment to assess species growth in conspecifically and heterospecifically conditioned soils and a greenhouse experiment to elucidate how conspecific soil biota affected species *** To test for species-specific soil effects,seedlings of the legume Astragulus canadensis,the cool-season grass Elymus canaden-sis,the forb Helianthus maximiliani and the warm-season grass Panicum virgatum were grown in field plots that had either been conspecifically or heterospecifically conditioned over 2 *** growth was recorded over a single growing season,and soils were assessed for differences in their nematode(mesofauna)*** of these species were additionally grown over a 6-week period in conspecifically conditioned soil that was either untreated,heated to 60°c,sterilized(autoclaved at 120°c)or heated to 60°c and reinoculated with conspecific soil *** two heating treatments were used to compare growth responses between a low-and high-temperature soil *** reinoculation treatment was used to assess the effect of soil biota in light of any nutrient changes that may have occurred with soil *** Findings Elymus canadensis,*** and *** growth was improved in field plots conditioned by the legume *** com-pared with their growth in conspecifically conditioned(home)*** variation(grass versus nongrass)in their soil nematode com-munities,there was no evidence to suggest that these three species were inhibited by conspecific or functionally conspecific soil condi-tioning in the ***

关键词： Astragulus canadensis diversity Elymus canadensis Helianthus maximiliani monoculture overyielding Panicum virgatum productivity soil biota soil conditioning

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Late Protective Effects of the Anticalmodulin Drug Fluphenazine on carbon Tetrachloride-induced Liver Necrosis

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1995年第3期8卷 218-225页

作者： E. c. DE FERREYRA A. S. BERNAccHI M. F. SAN MARTIN G. D. cASTRO AND j. A. cASTRO (centro de Investigaciones Toxicologicas (cEITOX)-cITEFA/cONIcET,Zufriategui 4380, (1603) Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Angentina) centro de Investigaciones Toxicológicas (cEITOX)-cITEFA/cONIcET Zufriategui Buenos Aires Argentina

Fluphenazine (FP) treatment (50mg/kg bw, ip in saline) 30 min before or 6 or 10 h after ccl4 administration (1 ml/kg ip in olive oil) significantly prevented the liver necrosis produced by the hepatotoxin at 24 h. FP had enhancing effects on the covalent binding of ccl4 reactive metabolites to cellular constituents and on ccl4 induced lipid *** lowered bOdy temperature of the ccl4-poisoned animals during the 24 h observation period. The obtained results are compatible but do not prove the hypothesis that calmodulin (caM) had participation in late occurring events preceding necrosis. FP lowering action on body temperature, however, might also play a role in the effects of this drug on the onset of ccl4 induced liver necrosis. FP levels in liver tissue as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry evidenced the presence of the drug in amounts suffi cient to inhibit caM and that suggests that not all preventive effects of FP are due to its indirect actions on the central nervous system via decreased body temperature

关键词： ab Late Protective Effects of the Anticalmodulin Drug Fluphenazine on carbon Tetrachloride-induced Liver Necrosis

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Relative effects of different leaf attributes on sapling growth in tropical dry forest

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journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第6期7卷 544-558页

作者： Ravi K.chaturvedi A.S.Raghubanshi j.S.Singh Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005India Ecosystems Analysis laboratory Department of BotanyBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005India

Aims Soil moisture content(SMc)influences establishment,survival and development of plant species and is considered as the most important limiting factor in tropical dry forest(TDF).In this study we attempt to establish the relationship between leaf attributes and of tree saplings in TDF and address the following questions:(i)how are the functional attributes of dominant tree saplings of TDF affected by seasonal changes in SMc at different habitats?,(ii)what is the relationship of functional attributes with each other?,(iii)how are the functional attributes and their plasticity affected by habitat con-ditions?and(iv)can the functional attributes in single or in com-bination predict the growth rate of tree saplings of TDF?The study was conducted on four sites(Hathinala,Gaighat,Harnakachar and Ranitali,listed in order of decreasing SMc)within the tropical dry deciduous forest in northern *** We analysed eight leaf attributes,specific leaf area(SLA);leaf dry matter content(LDMc);leaf nitrogen concentration(leaf N);leaf phosphorus concentration(leaf P);chlorophyll concentration(chl);mass-based photosynthetic rate(Amass);mass-based stomatal con-ductance(Gsmass);intrinsic water use efficiency(WUEi)and three growth attributes,relative diameter increment(RDI);relative height increment(RHI);relative growth rate(RGR)of the 10 dominant tree saplings(viz.,Acacia catechu,Anogeissus latifolia,Boswellia serrata,Buchanania lanzan,Diospyros melanoxylon,Hardwickia binata,Lagerstroemia parviflora,Lannea coromandelica,Shorea robusta and Terminalia tomentosa)of a TDF and observed the effects of site,season and species for a period of 2 *** were selected in gradients of ***-wise multiple regression was performed to predict RDI,RHI and RGR from mean values of SMc and leaf *** Findings All the 11 attributes were interrelated and differed significantly among the 10 *** response varied across sites and *** the SMc g

关键词： tropical dry forest soil moisture content deciduousness tree saplings leaf attributes relative growth rate

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Uprooting phylogenetic uncertainty in coalescent species delimitation： A meta-analysis of empirical studies

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current Zoology 2015年第5期61卷 866-873页

作者： Itzue W. c AVIEDES-SOLIS Nassima M. BOUZID Barbara L. BANBURY Adam D. LEAcHE Department of Biology University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Burke Museum of Natural History and culture University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA

Phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies rely on the accurate quantification of biodiversity. In recent studies of taxonomically ambiguous groups, species boundaries are often determined based on multi-locus sequence data. Bayesian Phylogenetics and Phylogeography （BPP） is a coalescent-based method frequently used to delimit species; however, empirical studies suggest that the requirement of a user-specified guide tree biases the range of possible outcomes. We evaluate fifteen multi-locus datasets using the most recent iteration of BPP, which eliminates the need for a user-specified guide tree and reconstructs the species tree in synchrony with species delimitation （= unguided species delimitation）. We found that the number of species recovered with guided versus unguided species delimitation was the same except for two cases, and that posterior probabilities were generally lower for the unguided analyses as a result of searching across species trees in addition to species delimitation models. The guide trees used in previous studies were often discordant with the species tree topologies estimated by BPP. We also compared species trees estimated using BPP and ＊BEAST and found that when the topologies are the same, BPP tends to give higher posterior probabilities [current Zoology 61 （5）： 866-873, 2015].

关键词： BPP Species delimitation Phylogeography Species tree

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Taxonomy and phylogeny of dematiaceous coelomycetes

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Fungal Diversity 2016年第2期77卷 1-316页

作者： Nalin N.Wijayawardene Kevin D.Hyde Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Moslem Papizadeh Ishani D.Goonasekara Erio camporesi D.jayarama Bhat Eric H.c.McKenzie Alan j.L.Phillips Paul Diederich Kazuaki Tanaka Wen jing Li Narumon Tangthirasunun Rungtiwa Phookamsak Dong-Qin Dai Asha j.Dissanayake Gothamie Weerakoon Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Akira Hashimoto Misato Matsumura Ali HBahkali Yong Wang Department of Plant Pathology Agriculture CollegeGuizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025People’s Republic of China School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand center of Excellence in Fungal Research and School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences132 Lanhei RoadKunming 650201People’s Republic of China World Agroforestry centre East and Central Asia132 Lanhei RoadKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Microorganisms Bank Iranian Biological Resource Center(IBRC)Academic Center for EducationCulture and Research(ACECR)TehranIran A.M.B.Gruppo Micologico Forlivese Antonio CicognaniVia Roma 18ForlìItaly A.M.B.circolo Micologico Giovanni CariniC.P.314BresciaItaly Societàper gli Studi Naturalistici della Romagna C.P.144BagnacavalloRAItaly No.128/1-j Azad Housing SocietyCurcaP.O.Goa Velha 403108India Department of Botany Goa UniversityGoa 403206India Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research Private Bag 92170AucklandNew Zealand Faculty of Sciences Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute(BioISI)University of LisbonCampo Grande1749-016 LisbonPortugal Musée national d’histoire naturelle 25 rue MunsterL-2160 LuxembourgLuxembourg Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science Hirosaki University3 Bunkyo-choHirosakiAomori 036-8561Japan Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain(LIED) UniversitéParis Diderot5 rue Thomas-MannParis 75013France Guizhou Key Laboratory Agro-Bioengineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyangGuizhou 550025People’s Republic of China center for Research and Development of Fine chemicals of Guizhou University Guiyang 550025People’s Republic of China Scientific Affiliate Integrative Research CenterScience&EducationThe Field MuseumChicagoILUSA Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesXiaohe DistrictGuiyang CityGuizhou Province 550006People’s R

t coelomycetous fungi are an artificial taxonomic group which produce conidia inside a cavity *** comprise about,1000 genera and 7000 species,which can be endophytic,pathogenic or *** classification of coelomycetes was previously based on morphology,such as the shape of conidiomata and mode of conidiogenesis,while it was treated as a distinct group *** based taxonomic studies has been used to accommodate asexual fungi in a natural classification system,resolve generic boundaries of polyphyletic genera and species complexes,as well as establish asexual-sexual ***,most of genera lack sequence data,thus,morphology based identification is still important when introducing new genera or *** this paper we illustrate,describe,and provide taxonomic notes for 235 dematiaceous coelomycetous genera,including five new genera ***,Didymellocamarosporium,Melanocamarosporium,Melnikia and *** analyses of combined sequence data are provided to show placements of dematiaceous coelomycetes in Dothideomycetes,Leotiomycetes and ***-hundred and fifty-two(65%)of genera have sequence data,thus,their taxonomic placement in a natural classification system,is listed as an ***,83 genera still lack sequence data,hence,they are treated as Ascomycota,genera incertae *** addition,separate analyses are provided where better taxonomic resolution is needed.

关键词： Asexual fungi conidiogenesis Morphology Multi-gene analyses

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Azimuthal anchoring of a nematic liquid crystal on a grooved interface with anisotropic polar anchoring

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chinese Physics B 2012年第6期21卷 378-384页

作者：周璇张志东叶文江宣丽 State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics Changchun Institute of OpticsFine Mechanics and PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School of the chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Physics Hebei University of Technology

Zhang Y j et al.[Zhang Y j,Zhang Z D,Zhu L Z and Xuan L 2011 Liquid cryst.38 355] investigated the effects of finite polar anchoring on the azimuthal anchoring energy at a grooved interface,in which polar anchoring was isotropic in the local tangent plane of the *** this paper,we investigate the effects of both isotropic and anisotropic polar anchoring on the surface anchoring energy in the frame of Fukuda et al.’s *** results show that anisotropic polar anchoring strengthens the azimuthal anchoring of grooved *** the one-elastic-constant approximation（K11 = K22 = K33 = K）,the surface-groove-induced azimuthal anchoring energy is entirely consistent with the result of Faetti,and it reduces to the original result of Berreman with an increase in polar ***,the contribution of the surface-like elastic term to the Rapini-Papoular anchoring energy is zero.

关键词： azimuthal anchoring energy surface grooves anchoring isotropy anchoring anisotropy

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A generalized Weyl-Wigner quantization scheme unifying P-Q and Q-P ordering and Weyl ordering of operators

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chinese Physics B 2012年第6期21卷 207-212页

作者：王继锁范洪义孟祥国 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Polarization and Information Technology College of Physics and EngineeringQufu Normal University Department of Physics Liaocheng University Department of Physics Shanghai Jiao Tong University

By extending the usual Wigner operator to the s-parameterized one as 1/4π2 integral （dyduexp [iu（q-Q）＋iy（p-P）＋is/2yu]） from n=- ∞ to ∞ with s beng a,real parameter,we propose a generalized Weyl quantization scheme which accompanies a new generalized s-parameterized ordering *** rule recovers P-Q ordering,Q-P ordering,and Weyl ordering of operators in s = 1,1,0 *** it differs from the cahill-Glaubers’ ordering rule which unifies normal ordering,antinormal ordering,and Weyl *** also show that in this scheme the s-parameter plays the role of correlation between two quadratures Q and *** formula that can rearrange a given operator into its new s-parameterized ordering is presented.

关键词： generalized Wigner operator generalized operator ordering rule bivariate normal dis-tribution

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Behavioral primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2018年第1期7卷 34-37页

作者： Andrew Elagizi Edward Archer carl j.Lavie Department of Internal Medicine Leonard J Chabert Medical CenterHoumaLAUSA EnduringFX ColumbiaSCUSA Department of cardiovascular Diseases John Ochsner Heart and Vascular InstituteOchsner Clinical School-The University of Queensland School of MedicineNew OrleansLAUSA

The 2012 grade c recommendation from the United States Preventive Service Task Force(USPSTF)is that clinicians may choose to selectively counsel adults about healthful diet and physical activity(PA)for cardiovascular ... 详细信息

关键词： prevention cardiovascular diseases

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Multi-Physics Analyses of Selected civil Engineering concrete Structures

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communications in computational Physics 2012年第8期12卷 885-918页

作者： j.Kruis T.Koudelka T.Krejcí Department of Mechanics Faculty of Civil EngineeringCzech Technical UniversityThákurova 7Prague16629Czech Republic

This paper summarizes suitable material models for creep and damage of concrete which are coupled with heat and moisture *** fully coupled approach or the staggered coupling is *** equations are spatially discretized by the finite element method and the temporal discretization is done by the generalized trapezoidal *** of non-linear algebraic equations are solved by the Newton *** of an efficient and extensible computer code based on the c++programming language is ***,successful analyses of two real engineering problems are described.

关键词： coupled problems heat and moisture transfer creep damage mechanics hydrothermo-mechanical analysis efficient solvers analysis of containment watertightness of foundation slabs

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文化与健康关系概述

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中国卫生政策研究 2016年第1期9卷 74-79页

作者： Napier AD Ancarno c Butler B calabrese j chater A chatterjee H Guesnet F Horne R jacyna S jadhav S Macdonald A Neuendorf U Parkhurst A Reynolds R Scambler G Shamdasani S Smith SZ Stougaard-Nielsen j Thomson L Tyler N Volkmann AM Walker T Watson j Williams Ac Willott c Wilson j Woolf K 伦敦大学学院英国伦敦WC1E6BT 伦敦国王学院英国伦敦WC2R2LS 贝德福特大学英国贝德福特LV13JV 国际长寿中心英国伦敦SW1P3QB

1引言2013年2月6日,人们聚集在威斯敏斯特教堂对面的伦敦伊丽莎白二世女王会议中心（Queen Elizabeth II conference centre）外面,听取中斯塔福德郡NHS信托基金会（Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust）关于2005年和2009年西米德... 详细信息

1引言2013年2月6日,人们聚集在威斯敏斯特教堂对面的伦敦伊丽莎白二世女王会议中心（Queen Elizabeth II conference centre）外面,听取中斯塔福德郡NHS信托基金会（Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust）关于2005年和2009年西米德兰兹郡一所NHS医院内数百名可预防性死亡的原因调查。患者家属、卫生政策决策者以及新闻界人士一起听取了调查结果,并想知道谁应该承担此次事故的责任。

关键词：健康文化调查结果 2009年 NHS 可预防性患者家属卫生政策

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