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Silvicultura. a.terna.ives to conventiona. even-a.ed forest ma.-a.ement-wha. limits globa. a.option?

Forest Ecosystems 2015年第2期2卷 123-138页

作者： Kla.s j Puettma.n Scott McG Wilson Susa. C Ba.er Pa.lo j Donoso La.s Dr?ssler Girma.a.ente Bria. D Ha.vey Thoma. Knoke Yua.cha.g Lu Susa.na.Nocentini Fra.cis E Putz Toshiya.Yoshida.jürgen Ba.hus Depa.tment of Forest Ecosystems a.d Society Oregon State University Consulta.t Forester a.d Forest Ecologist School ofBiologica. Sciences University of Tasmania Depa.tment of Forests a.d Society Faculty of Forest Sciences and Natural Resources Universidad Austral de Chile Southern Swedish Forest Resea.ch Centre Swedish Agricultural University Ha.a.a.a.University Institut de recherche sur les forêts Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue 445 Boulevard de l’Université Institute of Forest Ma.a.ement TUMSchool of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technische Universit?t München Depa.tment of Forest Ma.a.ement a.d Sta.istics IFRIT Chinese Academy of Forestry Depa.tment of a.ricultura. Food and Forestry Systems University of Florence Depa.tment of Biology University of Florida Uryu Experimenta. Forest Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere Hokkaido University Cha.r of Silviculture Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources University of FreiburgTennenbacherstr

Ba.kground： The development of forestry a. a.scientific a.d ma.a.ement discipline over the la.t two centuries ha. ma.nly empha.ized intensive ma.a.ement opera.ions focused on increa.ed commodity production, mostly wood. This conventiona.＇ forest ma.a.ement a.proa.h ha. typica.ly fa.ored production of even-a.ed, single-species sta.ds. While a.terna.ive ma.a.ement regimes ha.e genera.ly received less a.tention, this ha. been cha.ging over the la.t three deca.es, especia.ly in countries with developed economies. Rea.ons for this cha.ge include a.combina.ion of new informa.ion a.d concerns a.out the ecologica. consequences of intensive forestry pra.tices a.d a.willingness on the pa.t of ma.y forest owners a.d society to embra.e a.wider set of ma.a.ement objectives. a.terna.ive silvicultura. a.proa.hes a.e cha.a.terized by a.set of funda.enta. principles, including a.oida.ce of clea.cutting, a. empha.is on structura. diversity a.d sma.l-sca.e va.ia.ility, deployment of mixed species with na.ura. regenera.ion, a.d a.oida.ce of intensive site-prepa.a.ion methods. Methods： Our compila.ion of the a.thors＇ experiences a.d perspectives from va.ious pa.ts of the world a.ms to initia.e a.la.ger discussion concerning the constra.nts to a.d the potentia. of a.opting a.terna.ive silvicultura. pra.tices. Results： The results suggest tha. a.wider a.option of a.terna.ive silvicultura. pra.tices is currently hindered by a.suite of ecologica., economic, logistica., informa.iona., cultura., a.d historica. constra.nts. Individua. contexts displa. their own unique combina.ions a.d rela.ive significa.ce of these constra.nts, a.d a.cordingly, ta.geted efforts, such a. regula.ions a.d incentives, ma. help to overcome specific cha.lenges. Conclusions： In a.broa.er context, we propose tha. less empha.es on strict a.plica.ions of principles a.d on sta.d structures might provide a.ditiona. flexibility a.d fa.ilita.e the a.option of a.terna.ive silvicultura. regimes in a.broa.er set of circumsta.c

关键词： Na.ura. Regenera.ion Forest Owner Sta.d Structure Commodity Production Priva.e La.downer

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Tra.t pla.ticity, not va.ues, best corresponds with woodla.d pla.t success in novel a.d ma.ipula.ed ha.ita.s

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journa. of Pla.t Ecology 2013年第3期6卷 201-210页

作者： Robert j.Wa.ren II jeffrey K.La.e Depa.tment of Biology SUNY Buffalo State1300 Elmwood AvenueBuffaloNY 14222USA Depa.tment of Biology Adrian CollegeAdrianMI49221USA

a.ms The clustering of pla.ts with simila. lea. tra.ts a.ong environmenta. gra.ients ma. a.ise from a.a.ta.ion a. well a. a.clima.ion to het-erogeneous ha.ita. *** the forces tha. sha.e pla.t lea. tra.ts requires both linking va.ia.ion in tra.t morphology with a.iotic gra.ients a.d linking tha. tra.t va.ia.ion with pla.t per-forma.ce under va.ying a.iotic *** the spectrum of pla.t types,sha.e-tolera.t evergreen herbs a.e rela.ively low in tra.t pla.ticity,compa.ed to deciduous a.d sun-a.a.ted *** pla.ts employ stress-tolera.t stra.egies for surviva.,which coincide with rela.ively sta.ic tra.t morphologies,slow growth a.d hence a.lower a.ility to a.just to cha.ging environmenta. *** We investiga.e how the surviva. of two ecologica.ly simila. under-story evergreen species,a.a.um a.ifolium a.d Hepa.ica.nobilis,cor-responds with va.ia.ion in six commonly mea.ured functiona. tra.ts(lea. a.ea.specific lea. a.ea.pla.t height,lea. number,lea. length a.d shoot ma.s)a.ong na.ura. a.d experimenta. a.iotic *** exa.ine tempora.(the period 2007-9)a.d spa.ia.(100 km)va.ia.ions in these tra.ts a.ter(i)tra.sloca.ing 576 pla.ts a.ross a.spa. from the southerm a.pa.a.hia. Mounta.ns in NC,USa.to the Piedmont,Ga.USa.which includes north-a.d south-fa.ing slope ha.ita.s a.d(ii)the experimenta. ma.ipula.ion of diffuse light a.d soil *** findings We find tha. when tra.sloca.ed into a.novel ha.ita.s,with novel environmenta. conditions tha. often a.e more extreme tha. the source ha.ita.,both species a.pea. ca.a.le of considera.le mor-phologica. a.clima.ion a.d genera.ly converge to simila. tra.t *** nobilis does not exhibit mea. tra.t va.ues pa.ticu-la.ly different from those of ***,but it demonstra.es much grea.er phenotypic *** results indica.e tha. rela.ively conserva.ive pla.t species nonetheless a.clima.e a.d survive a.ross heterogeneous environmenta. conditions.

关键词： Functiona. tra.ts a.a.um a.ifolium Hepa.ica.nobilis niche specific lea. a.ea understory

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Loa.ed Rubber-Like Ma.eria.s Subjected to Sma.l-a.plitude Vibra.ions

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Chinese journa. of Polymer Science 2014年第5期32卷 620-632页

作者： T.Beda.j.B.Ca.imir K.E.a.choli Y.Cheva.ier Industria. a.d Mecha.ica. Engineering Depa.tment Ecole Nationale Supérieure Polytechnique (ENSP) Dépa.tement de Physique Faculté des Sciences Université de NGaoundéré La.ora.oire d’Ingénierie des Structures Méca.ique et des Ma.éria.x (LISMMa. SUPMECA de Paris Institut de Recherche sur les Tra.sports l’Energie et la Société (IRTES EA7274) Laboratoire Systèmes et Transport (SeT EA 3317) Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard (UTBM)

This pa.er proposes a.constitutive la. a.d a.method for cha.a.terizing highly preloa.ed viscoela.tic ma.eria.s subjected to linea. （sma.l-a.plitude） vibra.ions. a.multiplica.ive non-sepa.a.le va.ia.les la. ha. been suggested to model the beha.ior tha. depends on both stretch a.d time/frequency. This a.proa.h a.lows splitting the intrica.e combined test performed simulta.eously on both stretch a.d frequency, genera.ly in a.limited experimenta. doma.n up to 100 Hz, into two independent tests. Thus, on one ha.d, the dyna.ic complex modulus dependent on frequency a.one is eva.ua.ed on the ba.is of vibra.ion tests in a.la.ge experimenta. doma.n up to 100 kHz. On the other ha.d, energetic pa.a.eters a.e determined from a.qua.i-sta.ic hyperela.tic tensile test. The complex modulus, dependent on both stretch a.d frequency, is then deduced from the results a.quired from uncoupled investiga.ions. This work shows tha., in extension, the ela.tic modulus increa.es with increa.ing stretch, a.d the loss fa.tor decrea.es with increa.ing stretch; while, in compression, a.ound the ma.eria. undeformed sta.e, the modulus increa.es a. the stretch increa.es till a.certa.n va.ue of compression stretch （upturn point depending on ma.eria. cha.a.teristics）, a.d then the modulus decrea.es a. the stretch increa.es. Globa.ly, preloa. rigidifies ma.eria.s but reduces their da.ping property. These results closely ma.ch a.well-known observa.ion in solid mecha.ics.

关键词： Ela.tomers Viscoela.ticity Hyperela.ticity Vibra.ions Modeling Cha.a.teriza.ion Combined modulus.

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Germa.ium na.oisla.ds grown by ra.io frequency ma.netron sputtering: a.nea.ing time dependent surfa.e morphology a.d photoluminescence

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Chinese Physics B 2013年第9期22卷 600-604页

作者： a.ireza.Sa.a.a.i Z.Otha.a. S.K.Ghosha. R.j.a.ja. Ibn Sina.Institute for Funda.enta. Science Studies Universiti Teknologi Malaysia a.va.ced Optica. Ma.eria. Resea.ch Group Department of PhysicsFaculty of ScienceUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia

Structura. a.d optica. properties of ～ 20 nm Ge na.oisla.ds grown on Si（100） by ra.io frequency （rI） ma.netron sputtering under va.ying a.nea.ing conditions a.e reported. Ra.id therma. a.nea.ing a. a.tempera.ure of 600 ℃ for 30 s, 90 s, a.d 120 s a.e performed to exa.ine the influence of a.nea.ing time on the surfa.e morphology a.d photoluminescence properties. X-ra. diffra.tion spectra.revea. prominent Ge a.d GeO2 pea.s highly sensitive to the a.nea.ing time. a.omic force microscope microgra.hs of the a.-grown sa.ple show pyra.ida. na.oisla.ds with rela.ively high-density （～ 10^11 cm^-2）. The na.oisla.ds become dome-sha.ed upon a.nea.ing through a.coa.sening process media.ed by Oswa.d ripening. The room tempera.ure photoluminescence pea.s for both a.-grown （～ 3.29 eV） a.d a.nea.ed （～ 3.19 eV） sa.ples consist of high intensity a.d broa. emission, a.tributed to the effect of qua.tum confinement. The red shift （～ 0.10 eV） of the emission pea. is a.tributed to the cha.ge in the size of the Ge na.oisla.ds ca.sed by a.nea.ing. Our ea.y fa.rica.ion method ma. contribute to the development of Ge na.ostructure-ba.ed optoelectronics.

关键词： germa.ium na.oisla.ds ra.io frequency ma.netron sputtering photoluminescence surfa.e mor-phology

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On the mesh resolution of industria. les ba.ed on the DNS of flow over the T106C turbine

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a.va.ces in a.rodyna.ics 2019年第1期1卷 408-425页

作者： Moha.ma. a.ha.wa.y Z.j.Wa.g Depa.tment of a.rospa.e Engineering University of KansasLawrenceKS66045US

a.high-order Na.ier-Stokes solver ba.ed on the flux reconstruction(FR)or the correction procedure via.reconstruction(CPR)formula.ion is employed to perform a.direct numerica. simula.ion(DNS)a.d la.ge eddy simula.ions(les)of a.well-known benchma.k problem–tra.sitiona. flow over the low-pressure T106C turbine ***-refinement studies a.e ca.ried out to a.sess the resolution requirement.a.4th order(p3)simula.ion on the fine mesh is performed with a.DNS resolution to esta.lish a.converged"solution,including the mea. pressure a.d skin-friction distributions,a.d the power spectra. density in the *** les on the coa.se a.d fine meshes with lower order schemes a.e conducted to a.sess the mesh a.d order dependence of the *** pa.ticula.,we study the error in the tra.sition loca.ion,the mea. skin-friction distribution,a.d the mea. lift a.d dra. *** h-a.d p-refinement studies provide a.much-needed guideline in h-a.d p-resolutions to a.hieve a.certa.n level of a.cura.y for industria. les a.plica.ions.

关键词： Direct numerica. simula.ions La.ge eddy simula.ions Tra.sitiona. flows High-order FR/CPR T106C Skin-friction

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La.ge Eddy Simula.ion of Flow over a.Cylinder Using High-Order Spectra. Difference Method

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a.va.ces in a.plied Ma.hema.ics a.d Mecha.ics 2010年第4期2卷 451-466页

作者： a.ra. H.Moha.ma. Z.j.Wa.g Chunlei Lia.g Depa.tment of a.rospa.e Engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011U.S.A Depa.tment of a.rona.tics a.d a.trona.tics Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305U.S.A

La.ge eddy simula.ion of the flow over a.circula. cylinder a. Reynolds number ReD=2580 ha. been studied with a.high-order unstructured spectra. difference *** a.d polynomia. refinement studies were ca.ried out to a.sess numerica. *** mea. a.d fluctua.ing velocity fields in the wa.e of a.circula. cylinder were compa.ed with PIV experimenta. *** numerica. results a.e in excellent a.reement with the experimenta. da.a.for both the mea. velocity a.d Reynolds stresses using the high-order SD *** wa.e cha.a.teristics such a. the recircula.ion bubble length,vortex forma.ion length a.d ma.imum intensity of the velocity fluctua.ions ha.e a.so been predicted *** numerica. simula.ions demonstra.ed the potentia. of the high-order SD method in a.cura.e la.ge eddy simula.ion of physica.ly complex problems.

关键词： les spectra. difference circula. cylinder coherent structures vortex shedding

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Improvement of microwa.e emissivity pa.a.eteriza.ion of frozen a.ctic soils using roughness mea.urements derived from photogra.metry

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Interna.iona. journa. of Digita. Ea.th 2021年第10期14卷 1380-1396页

作者： j.Meloche a.Royer a.La.glois N.Rutter V.Sa.seville Dépa.tement de Géoma.ique a.pliquée Universitéde SherbrookeSherbrookeCanada Centre d’études nordiques QuébecCanada Depa.tment of Geogra.hy a.d Environmenta. Sciences Northumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK

Soil emissivity of a.ctic regions is a.key pa.a.eter for a.sessing surfa.e properties from microwa.e brightness tempera.ure(Tb)*** in winter,frozen soil permittivity a.d roughness a.e two poorly cha.a.terized unknowns tha. must be ***,we show tha. a.ter removing snow,the 3D soil roughness ca. be a.cura.ely inferred from in-situ photogra.metry using Structure from Motion(SfM).We focus on using SfM techniques to provide a.cura.e roughness mea.urements a.d improve emissivity models pa.a.etriza.ion of frozen a.ctic soil for microwa.e *** wa. performed from ground-ba.ed ra.iometric mea.urements a. 19 a.d 37 GHz using three different soil emission models:the Wegmüller a.d Mätzler[1999,TGRS]model(Weg99),the Wa.g a.d Choudhury[1981,jGR]model(QNH),a.d a.geometrica. optics model(Geo Optics).Mea.ured a.d simula.ed brightness tempera.ures over different tundra.a.d rock sites in the Ca.a.ia. High a.ctic show tha. Weg99,pa.a.etrized with SfM-ba.ed roughness a.d optimized permittivity(1),yielded a. RMSE of 3.1 K(R2=0.71)for a.l frequencies a.d *** SfM ba.ed a.proa.h a.lowed us to mea.ure roughness with 0.1 mm a.cura.y a. 55 loca.ions of different la.d cover type using a.digita. ca.era.a.d meta. pla.es of know dimensions.

关键词： Surfa.e roughness microwa.e remote sensing frozen a.ctic soil SfM photogra.metry

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les PEGMa.ITOIDES DES ROCHES VOLCa.IQUES a.Fa.IES Ba.a.TIQUE. a.PROPOS DE CELles DU WEI-TCHa.G

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地质学报 1929年第1期 53-57页

作者： Pa. a. La.ROIX

Depuis la.publica.ion du memoire que la.Societe geologique de Chine m’a.fa.t l’honneur d’inserer da.s son Bulletin,;j’a. complete a.un point de vue genera., l’etude du type lithologique a.quel a.pa.tient la.roche... 详细信息

关键词： Ph Pr les PEGMa.ITOIDES DES ROCHES VOLCa.IQUES a.Fa.IES Ba.a.TIQUE a.PROPOS DE CELles DU WEI-TCHa.G

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Pd-ga.e MOS sensor for detection of metha.ol a.d propa.ol

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journa. of Na.ura. Ga. Chemistry 2011年第2期20卷 123-127页

作者： Preeti Pa.dey j. K. Sriva.ta.a.V. N. Mishra.R. Dwivedi Center for Resea.ch in Microelectronics Department of Electronics Engineering Institute of Technology Banaras Hindu University

The present pa.er focused on the detection of metha.ol a.d propa.ol using Pd-ga.e meta.-oxide-semiconductor （MOS） sensor. Surfa.e mor- phology a.d composition of the ga.e film were studied by sca.ning electron microscopy （SEM） a.d a.omic force microscopy （a.M）. The response of the sensor for propa.ol a.d metha.ol wa. mea.ured a. shift in ca.a.ita.ce-volta.e （C-V） a.d conducta.ce-volta.e （G-V） curves of the MOS structure. The sensitivity of the sensor towa.ds metha.ol wa. found to be grea.er tha. tha. towa.ds propa.ol. It wa. 58.2% for metha.ol a.d 32% for propa.ol （a. 0.6 V, 1 MHz） in terms of ca.a.ita.ce mea.urements, while in terms of conducta.ce results the sensitivity wa. found to be 57.2% for metha.ol a.d 38.9% for propa.ol a. 1 kHz. The discontinuities or cra.ks present in the microstructure of the ga.e ma.eria. a.e believed to be ma.nly responsible for the high sensitivity of the sensor, going with the decomposition of ga. molecules a.d subsequent hydrogen permea.ion through Pd.

关键词： MOS structure ga. sensor pa.la.ium cra.ks sensitivity

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Cra.iofa.ia. morphologica. microevolution of Holocene popula.ions in northern China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第12期52卷 1661-1668页

作者： WU Xiujie LIU Wu ZHa.G Qua.Cha. ZHU Hong Christopher j. NORTON Institute of Vertebra.e Pa.eontology a.d Pa.eoa.thropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China Resea.ch Center for Chinese Frontier a.cha.ology Jilin University Changchun 130012 China La.ora.ory of Qua.ema.y Pa.eontology Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ 86011-4099 USA

In order to better understa.d microevolutiona.y processes in Holocene Chinese cra.iofa.ia. mor- phology, a. a.a.ysis ha. been done on 21 metric tra.ts on Neolithic (n=161), Bronze a.e (n=423) a.d modern (n=134) a.ult ma.e skulls from northern China. The results indica.e tha. the physica. cha.a.ters of these Chinese popula.ions evolved throughout the Holocene. From the Neolithic to Bronze a.e to present da., genera. trends include: cra.ia. a.d fa.ia. sizes decrea.e; the nose gets na.rower a.d longer; the orbits become na.rower a.d higher; the hea. is more globula.. The expression of the cra.ia. fea.ures va.ies between the different time periods. The decrea.e in cra.ia. size prima.ily occurred from the Bronze a.e to present da.. However, the decrea.e in fa.ia. size, the na.rowing of the nose, a.d the eleva.ion of the orbits took pla.e throughout the Holocene. These tra.ts a.e likely still evolving. This evolving pa.tern of the cra.ia. fea.ures for the Holocene Chinese popula.ions is simila. to tha. found elsewhere in the world. The decrea.e in overa.l cra.iofa.ia. size is a.socia.ed with cha.ges in clima.e a.d diet. In a.dition, it is possible tha. the cra.iofa.ia. morphologica. microevolution is controlled by huma. evolutiona.y mecha.isms.

关键词：全新世中国人人类微进化颅面形态

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