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Current concepts in the management of non-cirrhotic non-malignant portal vein thrombosis

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World journal of Hepatology 2024年第5期16卷 751-765页

作者： Adam j Willington Dhiraj Tripathi Department of Hepatology University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom Department of Hepatology University Hospitals BirminghamBirmingham B152THUnited Kingdom

Non-cirrhotic non-malignant portal vein thrombosis(NCPVT)is an uncommon condition characterised by thrombosis of the portal vein,with or without extension into other mesenteric veins,in the absence of cirrhosis or intra-abdominal *** can include intestinal infarction,variceal bleeding and portal *** this article,we address current concepts in the management of NCPVT including identification of risk factors,classification and treatment,and review the latest evidence on medical and interventional management options.

关键词： Non-cirrhotic portal vein thrombosis Portal vein Mesenteric veins Venous thrombosis Portal hypertension

Hypothesis and Thought Experiment: Comparing Cognitive Competition of Neandertals and Early Humans, to Our Coming Contest with AIs

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journal of Social Computing 2024年第2期5卷 122-131页

作者： Margaret Boone Rappaport Christopher j.Corbally The Human Sentience Project LLC TucsonAZ 85704USA the Department of Astronomy Steward ObservatoryUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85719USA

The history of how Homo sapiens out-survived the Neanderthals is recalled here with the goal of conceiving an edge in our coming competition with a faster, stronger artificial intelligence (AI) who has far greater capacity for information storage. The social and cognitive differences between the two hominid species, Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis, are described. Based on findings from genomics, neuroscience, archaeology, and paleobiology, it appears possible that the capacities of Homo sapiens could outreach those of AIs in some ways. Especially important are human visuospatial, cultural, and, oddly enough, theological capacities, and the interaction of these capacities in group problem-solving. While communication between AIs is fast and can be widespread, the authors ask whether this is the right kind of communication for solving problems of survival. An important question is explored throughout: Is it ethical to withhold from AIs human-like capacities that may become possible to install? Finally, a worrisome question is broached: Is it the best course to create AIs in our own image to safeguard our existence in unknown future interactions with extraterrestrial species, both organic and inorganic?

关键词： cognitive evolution neuroscience genomics visuospatial capacity family structure navigation ethics extraterrestrials

Insm1:orchestrating cellular mimicry in the thymus medulla

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 414-416页

作者： K.D.james j.E.Cowan UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation The Pears BuildingRowland Hill StreetLondonNW32PPUK

The thymus is the primary production site for a functional and self-tolerant T-cell *** establishment of immune tolerance is mediated by the generation and presentation of tissue-restricted self-antigens(TRAs)by medullary thymic epithelial cells(mTECs),which screen T-cell receptors for self-reactivity to eliminate autoreactive T *** studies have extended our understanding of mTEC heterogeneity by examining the mechanisms by which mTECs mimic the peripheral self[1].

关键词： medullary eliminate restricted

Single-atom Pt on carbon nanotubes for selective electrocatalysis

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Carbon Energy 2024年第1期6卷 63-71页

作者： Samuel S.Hardisty Xiaoqian Lin Anthony R.j.Kucernak David Zitoun Department of Chemistry Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials(BINA)Bar Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael Department of Chemistry Molecular Science Research HubImperial College LondonLondonUK

Utilizing supported single atoms as catalysts presents an opportunity to reduce the usage of critical raw materials such as platinum,which are essential for electrochemical reactions such as hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR).Herein,we describe the synthesis of a Pt single electrocatalyst inside single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)via a redox *** via electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron microscopy,and X-ray absorption spectroscopy show the single-atom nature of the *** electrochemical behavior of the sample to hydrogen and oxygen was investigated using the advanced floating electrode technique,which minimizes mass transport limitations and gives a thorough insight into the activity of the *** single-atom samples showed higher HOR activity than state-of-the-art 30%Pt/C while almost no oxygen reduction reaction activity in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell operating *** selective activity toward HOR arose as the main fingerprint of the catalyst confinement in the SWCNTs.

关键词： confinement electrocatalysis hydrogen platinum single atom catalysts

Performance of unique and secure routing protocol(USRP)in flying Adhoc Networks for healthcare applications

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High-Confidence Computing 2024年第1期4卷 24-31页

作者： j.Vijitha Ananthi P.Subha Hency jose Department of Biomedical Engineering Karunya Institute of Technology and SciencesCoimbatoreIndia

Nowadays,Flying Adhoc Networks play a vital role due to its high efficiency in fast *** aerial vehicles transmit data much faster than other networks and are useful in all aspects of *** healthcare applications,wireless body area network transmits the data,whereas the security,which is the most important concern to be focused in a flying adhoc network is not *** intruders tamper the network,degrading the overall network *** avoid security issues,a unique and secure routing protocol that provides a single solution for five different types of attacks such as,black hole attacks,grey hole attacks,yoyo attacks,conjoint attack and jamming attacks,is *** simulation results analyses the network performance by using the proposed routing *** comparison to the other solutions rendered to resolve the affected network,this proposed routing protocol has a higher throughput,higher delivery rate,and lower *** Unique and Secure Routing Protocol(USRP)provides an integrated solution for an efficient and secure communication in a flying adhoc network.

关键词： Secure routing protocol Flying Adhoc Networks Unmanned aerial vehicles Mobile Adhoc network Attackers Denial of service attacks

Characterization of geological uncertainties from limited boreholes using copula-based coupled Markov chains for underground construction

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Underground Space 2024年第3期16卷 94-105页

作者： Fan Wang Heng Li Gang Li zheng-jun You Elton j.Chen National Center of Technology Innovation for Digital Construction Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Department of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Department of Building and Real Estate The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloon 999077Hong KongChina Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Co. Ltd.Shanghai 200032China Wuhan Metro Group Co.Ltd. Wuhan 430070China

This paper proposes an efficient method for quantifying the stratigraphic uncertainties and modeling the geological formations based on *** Markov chains are used to describe the soil transitions along different directions,and the transition probability matrices(TPMs)of the Markov chains are analytically expressed by *** copula expression is efficient since it can represent a large TPM by a few unknown *** to the analytical expression of the TPMs,the likelihood function of the Markov chain model is given in an explicit *** estimation of the TPMs is then re-casted as a multi-objective constrained optimization problem that aims to maximize the likelihoods of two independent Markov chains subject to a set of parameter *** the method which determines the TPMs by counting the number of transitions between soil types,the proposed method is more statistically ***,a random path sampling method is presented to avoid the directional effect problem in *** soil type at a location is inferred from its nearest known neighbors along the cardinal directions.A general form of the conditional probability,based on Pickard’s theorem and Bayes rule,is presented for the soil type *** proposed stratigraphic characterization and simulation method is applied to real borehole data collected from a construction site in Wuhan,*** is illustrated that the proposed method is accurate in prediction and does not show an inclination during simulation.

关键词： Geological stratigraphy Markov chain Transition probability matrix Statistical method Copula

Atomistic Investigation of Shock-Induced Amorphization within Micro-shear Bands in Hexagonal Close-Packed Titanium

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第9期37卷 1590-1600页

作者： Z.C.Meng K.G.Wang T.Ali D.Li C.G.Bai D.S.Xu S.j.Li A.H.Feng G.j.Cao j.H.Yao Q.B.Fan H.Wang R.Yang Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang 110016China Interdisciplinary Centre for Additive Manufacturing(ICAM) School of Materials and ChemistryUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China Key Laboratory for Light-Weight Materials Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 210009China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Materials Under Shock and Impact School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center Chongqing 401135China

The mechanical response of a single crystal titanium sample against(0001)α surface impact was investigated using molecular dynamics ***,non-uniform plastic deformation was observed in the *** high strain rates,amorphization occurred near the edge of the contact region where severe shear strain induced a large number of stacking faults(SFs)and *** contrast,the central part of the contact region underwent less deformation with significantly fewer ***,instead of amorphization by consuming SFs and dislocations,there was a gradual increase in the density of dislocations and SFs during the process of *** local amorphous regions eventually grew into shear bands.

关键词： Shock compression Amorphization Shear band Titanium Molecular dynamics

Ecosystem Services of Grazed Grasslands in the Flooding Pampa

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Phyton-International journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第6期93卷 1179-1202页

作者： Elizabeth j.jacobo Adriana M.Rodríguez Facultad de Agronomía Área de AgroecologíaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires1417Argentina Facultad de Agronomía Departamento de Producción AnimalUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires1417Argentina

The Flooding Pampa grasslands are the last remnant of the Rio de la Plata grasslands in ***-genic interventions have led to severe degradation and,as a result,the ecosystem services provided by the grass-lands are declining,in terms of provisioning,regulating,and supporting *** synthesized the existing literature on the ecosystem goods and services provided by these grasslands under grazing in different conditions and conservation *** found that plant and animal diversity and primary production are the most studied ecosystem services,while climate regulation,water supply,nutrient cycling,meat production and erosion control,in that order,are less *** services are *** grazing and glyphosate spraying are the main drivers of grassland *** grazing and conservative stocking rates have been shown to reverse degradation and demonstrate that livestock production is compatible with ecosystem conserva-tion by maintaining regulating and provisioning *** these management strategies are poorly integrated,improving their implementation will require important changes in farmers’decisions and the development of policies that create the economic conditions for this to *** is needed to understand the conditions that prevent the knowledge generated from being transferred to producers and translated into practices that would improve the provision of ecosystem services.

关键词： Salado basin sustainability biodiversity rangelands meat production adaptative multi paddock grazing process technologies agroecology

Understanding pediatric surgical needs in North Korea: a modeling analysis

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World journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第1期7卷 47-53页

作者： Phillip j Hsu Sangchul Yoon Kee B Park University of Michigan Ann ArborMichiganUSA Department of Global Health and Social Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Medical Humanitiesand Social Sciences Yonsei University SeoulSouth Korea

Background Sixty-five percent of children worldwide lack access to surgical care,the majority of whom live in low-income and middle-income countries(LMiCs).Developing surgical infrastructure requires information on surgical need;however,this information is often limited in *** Korea(Democratic People's Republic of Korea,DPRK)has a low amount of publicly available ***,we analyzed available modeled data to understand the causes of pediatric deaths due to conditions treatable with surgery in *** We used World Bank data and models from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation to identify causes of pediatric deaths affecting pediatric patients(ageng categories of surgical conditions were injuries(53.9%),congenital conditions(34.2%),tumors(8.8%),and abdominal conditions(3.2%).DPRK has a lower relative rate of pediatric deaths compared with other LMICs with similar gross domestic product per ***,it has a higher relative rate of pediatric deaths due to conditions requiring treatment with *** injuries contribute significantly to the high rate of pediatric deaths in *** Although DPRK may be allocating overall resources toward pediatric healthcare more efficiently than economic peers,DPRK may benefit from improvement in pediatric surgical *** availability of data and close international collaboration could be potential solutions to bridge this gap.

关键词： pediatric surgical injuries