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Catalytically altering the redox pathway of sulfur in propylene carbonate electrolyte using dual-nitrogen/oxygen-containing carbon

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Chinese journal of Catalysis 2024年第8期63卷 224-233页

作者： Linghui Yu Heng Zhang Luyuan Paul Wang Samuel jun Hoong Ong Shibo Xi Bo Chen Rui Guo Ting Wang Yonghua Du Wei Chen Ovadia Lev Zhichuan j.xu School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Wuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430200HubeiChina School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers&Eco-Dyeing&Finishing Wuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430200HubeiChina Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and Environment(ISCE2)Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research in Singapore(A*STAR)1 Pesek RoadJurong Island 627833Singapore Department of Chemistry National University of SingaporeSingapore 117543Singapore College of the Environment&Ecology Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102FujianChina National Synchrotron Light Source II Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY 11973USA The Institute of Chemistry The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem 9190401Israel Singapore-HUj Alliance for Research and Enterprise NEW-CREATE Phase IICampus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise(CREATE)Singapore138602Singapore Energy Research Institute@NTU ERI@NInterdisciplinary Graduate SchoolNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore

Carbonate electrolytes are one of the most desirable electrolytes for high-energy lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)because of their successful implementation in commercial Li-ion *** low-polysulfide-solubility feature of some carbonate solvents also makes them very promising for overcoming the shuttle effects of ***,regular sulfur electrodes experience undesired electrochemical mechanisms in carbonate electrolytes due to side *** this study,we report a catalytic redox mechanism of sulfur in propylene carbonate(PC)electrolyte based on a compari-son *** catalytic mechanism is characterized by the interactions between polysulfides and dual N/O functional groups on the host carbon,which largely prevents side reactions between pol-ysulfides and the carbonate *** a mechanism coupled with the low-polysulfide-solubility feature leads to stable cycling of LSBs in PC *** dual N/O functional groups are identified via a density functional theory *** work provides an alternative route for enabling LSBs in carbonate electrolytes.

关键词： Energy storage Lithium-sulfur battery Catalytic redox reaction Porous carbon Carbonate electrolyte

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From Two-Phase to Three-Phase: The New Electrochemical Interface by Oxide Electrocatalysts

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Nano-Micro Letters 2018年第1期10卷 74-76页

作者： Zhichuan j.xu School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Solar Fuels Lab Nanyang Technological University Energy Research Institute NTU (ERIN) Nanyang Technological University

Electrochemical reactions typically occur at the interface between a solid electrode and a liquid electrolyte. The charge exchange behaviour between these two phases determines the kinetics of electrochemical reactions. In the past few years, significant advances have been made in the development of metal oxide electrocatalysts for fuel cell and electrolyser reactions. However, considerable gaps remain in the fundamental understanding of the charge transfer pathways and the interaction between the metal oxides and the conducting substrate on which they are located. In particular, the electrochemical interfaces of metal oxides are significantly different from the traditional(metal) ones, where only a conductive solid electrode and a liquid electrolyte are considered. Oxides are insulating and have to be combined with carbon as a conductive *** electrode configuration results in a three-phase electrochemical interface, consisting of the insulating oxide, the conductive carbon, and the liquid electrolyte. To date, the mechanistic insights into this kind of non-traditional electrochemical interface remain unclear. Consequently conventional electrochemistry concepts, established on classical electrode materials and their two-phase interfaces, are facing challenges when employed for explaining these new electrode materials.

关键词： Electrochemistry Interface Oxides Carbon Electrocatalyst

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Frozen Landweber Iteration for Nonlinear Ill-Posed Problems

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2007年第2期23卷 329-336页

作者： j.xu B.Han L.Li Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100080China Department of Mathematics Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

In this paper we propose a modification of the Landweber iteration termed frozen Landweber iteration for nonlinear ill-posed problems. A convergence analysis for this iteration is presented. The numerical performance of this frozen Landweber iteration for a nonlinear Hammerstein integral equation is compared with that of the Landweber iteration. We obtain a shorter running time of the frozen Landweber iteration based on the same convergence accuracy.

关键词： Ill-posed problem regularization Landweber iteration

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Are blockchains immune to all malicious attacks?

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Financial Innovation 2016年第1期2卷 319-327页

作者： jennifer j.xu Bentley University WalthamMA 02452USA

Background:In recent years,blockchain technology has attracted considerable *** records cryptographic transactions in a public ledger that is difficult to alter and compromise because of the distributed *** a result,blockchain is believed to resist fraud and ***:This work explores the types of fraud and malicious activities that can be prevented by blockchain technology and identifies attacks to which blockchain remains ***:This study recommends appropriate defensive measures and calls for further research into the techniques for fighting malicious activities related to blockchains.

关键词： Blockchain Online malicious attacks Fraud detection Hacking prevention

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Shear velocity structure of crust and uppermost mantle in China from surface wave tomography using ambient noise and earthquake data

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Earthquake Science 2013年第5期26卷 267-281页

作者： Zhen j.xu Xiaodong Song Sihua Zheng Department of Geology University of Illinois Institute of Geophysics and Geodynamics School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing University Institute of Earthquake Science China Earthquake Administration

We present a 3D model of shear velocity of crust and upper mantle in China and surrounding regions from surface wave tomography. We combine dispersion measurements from ambient noise correlation and traditional earthquake data. The stations include the China National Seismic Network, global networks, and all the available PASSCAL stations in the region over the years. The combined data sets provide excellent data coverage of the region for surface wave measurements from 8 to 120 s, which are used to invert for 3D shear wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle down to about 150 kin. We also derive new models of the study region for crustal thickness and averaged S velocities for upper, mid, and lower crust and the uppermost mantle. The models provide a fundamental data set for understanding continental dynamics and evolution. The tomography results reveal significant features of crust and upper mantle structure, including major basins, Moho depth variation, mantle velocity contrast between eastern and western North China Craton, widespread low-velocity zone in mid- crust in much of the Tibetan Plateau, and clear velocity contrasts of the mantle lithosphere between north and southern Tibet with significant E-W variations. The low velocity structure in the upper mantle under north and eastern TP correlates with surface geological boundaries. A patch of high velocity anomaly is found under the eastern part of the TP, which may indicate intact mantle lithosphere. Mantle lithosphere change from the western to The Tanlu Fault appears boundary. shows striking systematic eastern North China Craton. to be a major lithosphere

关键词： Surface wave tomography China Ambient noise Tibetan Plateau North China Craton

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Transition metal oxides for water oxidation: All about oxyhydroxides?

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Science China Materials 2020年第1期63卷 3-7页

作者： Zhichuan j.xu School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Energy Research Institute NTU ERI NInterdisciplinary Graduate SchoolNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Solar Fuels Lab Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore The Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore Singapore 138602Singapore

To realize a sustainable hydrogen energy infrastructure,techniques to produce hydrogen gas without involving fossil fuels are *** has been proposed in last century that producing hydrogen gas by splitting water could ... 详细信息

关键词：氧化物催化剂过渡金属氧化物活性表面氢氧化物析氧反应表面重构电解水催化剂表面

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Carbon-Nitride-Based Materials for Advanced Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2022年第12期14卷 579-601页

作者： Wenhao Sun Zihao Song Zhenxing Feng Yaqin Huang Zhichuan j.xu Yi-Chun Lu Qingli Zou State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029People’s Republic of China Electrochemical Energy and Interfaces Laboratory Department of Mechanical and Automation EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077People’s Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Republic of Singapore School of Chemical Biologicaland Environmental EngineeringOregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA

Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems owing to their high energy density and low ***,critical challenges including severe shuttling of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)and sluggish redox kinetics limit the practical application of Li-S *** nitrides(C_(x)N_(y)),represented by graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)),provide new opportunities for overcoming these *** a graphene-like structure and high pyridinic-N content,g-C_(3)N_(4) can effectively immobilize LiPSs and enhance the redox kinetics of S *** addition,its structure and properties including electronic conductivity and catalytic activity can be regulated by simple methods that facilitate its application in Li-S ***,the recent progress of applying C_(x)N_(y)-based materials including the optimized g-C_(3)N_(4),g-C_(3)N_(4)-based composites,and other novel C_(x)N_(y) materials is systematically reviewed in Li-S batteries,with a focus on the structure-activity *** limitations of existing C_(x)N_(y)-based materials are identified,and the perspectives on the rational design of advanced C_(x)N_(y)-based materials are provided for high-performance Li-S batteries.

关键词： Lithium-sulfur batteries Carbon nitride Polysulfide conversion Shuttle effect Anode protection

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Heterostructured Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Under Alkaline Conditions

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Nano-Micro Letters 2018年第4期10卷 339-353页

作者： jumeng Wei Min Zhou Anchun Long Yanming xue Hanbin Liao Chao Wei Zhichuan j.xu College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Anhui Science and Technology University College of Physical Science and Technology and Institute of Optoelectronic Technology Yangzhou University School of Materials Science and Engineering Hebei University of Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University The Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore The Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore 1 CREATE Way Solar Fuels Laboratory Nanyang Technological University Energy Research Institute Nanyang Technological University

The hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) is a half-cell reaction in water electrolysis for producing hydrogen gas. In industrial water electrolysis, the HER is often conducted in alkaline media to achieve higher stability of the electrode materials. However, the kinetics of the HER in alkaline medium is slow relative to that in acid because of the low concentration of protons in the *** the latter conditions, the entire HER process will require additional effort to obtain protons by water dissociation near or on the catalyst surface. Heterostructured catalysts, with fascinating synergistic effects derived from their heterogeneous interfaces, can provide multiple functional sites for the overall reaction process. At present, the activity of the most active known heterostructured catalysts surpasses(platinum-based heterostructures) or approaches (noble-metal-free heterostructures) that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst under alkaline conditions, demonstrating an infusive potential to break through the bottlenecks. This review summarizes the most representative and recent heterostructured HER catalysts for alkaline medium. The basics and principles of the HER under alkaline conditions are first introduced, followed by a discussion of the latest advances in heterostructured catalysts with/without noblemetal-based heterostructures. Special focus is placed on approaches for enhancing the reaction rate by accelerating the Volmer step. This review aims to provide an overview of the current developments in alkaline HER catalysts, as well as the design principles for the future development of heterostructured nano-or micro-sized electrocatalysts.

关键词： Hybrid catalyst Hydrogen production Water splitting Interface engineering Synergistic effect

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Biomass-Derived Porous Carbon-Based Nanostructures for Microwave Absorption

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Nano-Micro Letters 2019年第2期11卷 81-97页

作者： Huanqin Zhao Yan Cheng Wei Liu Lieji Yang Baoshan Zhang Luyuan Paul Wang Guangbin ji Zhichuan j.xu College of Materials Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016People’s Republic of China School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093People’s Republic of China School of Materials Sciences and Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore Singapore-HUj Alliance for Research and Enterprise NEW-CREATE Phase IICampus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise(CREATE)Singapore 138602Singapore

Currently,electromagnetic(EM) pollution poses severe complication toward the operation of electronic devices and biological *** this end,it is pertinent to develop novel microwave absorbers through compositional and structural *** carbon(PC)materials demonstrate great potential in EM wave absorption due to their ultralow density,large surface area,and excellent dielectric loss ***,the large-scale production of PC materials through low-cost and simple synthetic route is a *** PC materials through biomass sources is a sustainable,ubiquitous,and low-cost method,which comes with many desired features,such as hierarchical texture,periodic pattern,and some unique *** the bio-inspired microstructure to manufacture PC materials in mild condition is *** this review,we summarize the EM wave absorption application of biomass-derived PC materials from optimizing structureand designing *** corresponding synthetic mechanisms and development prospects are discussed as *** perspective in this field is given at the end of the article.

关键词： Biomass resource Porous carbon Microwave absorption

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The possible implications of magnetic field effect on understanding the reactant of water splitting

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Chinese journal of Catalysis 2022年第1期43卷 148-157页

作者： Chao Wei Zhichuan j.xu School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore Energy Research Institute Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore Singapore‐HUj Alliance for Research and Enterprise NEW‐CREATE Phase IICampus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise(CREATE)Singapore

Electrochemical water splitting consists of two elementary reactions i.e.,hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Developing robust HER and OER technologies necessitates a molecular picture of reaction mechanism,yet the reactants for water splitting reactions are unfortunately not fully *** we utilize magnetic field to understand proton transport in HER,and hydroxide ion transport in OER,to discuss the possible implications on understanding the reactants for HER and *** field is a known tool for changing the movement of charged species like ions,*** magnetic‐field‐improved Cu^(2+)transportation near the electrode in Cu ***,applying a magnetic field does not affect the HER or OER rate across various pH,which challenges the traditional opinion that charged species(*** and hydroxide ion)act as the *** anomalous response of HER and OER to magnetic field,and the fact that the transport of proton and hydroxide ion follow Grotthuss mechanism,collectively indicate water may act as the universal reactant for HER and OER across various *** the aid of magnetic field,this work serves as an understanding of water might be the reactant in HER and OER,and possibly in other electrocatalysis reactions involving protonation and deprotonation step.A model that simply focuses on the charged species but overlooking the complexity of the whole electrolyte phase where water is the dominant species,may not reasonably reflect the electrochemistry of HER and OER in aqueous electrolyte.

关键词： Electrocatalysis Water splitting Magnetic field Lorenz force Metal deposition

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