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Ion acceleration and neutron production in hybrid gas-puff z-pinches on the GIt-12 and HAWK generators

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2020年第2期 51-60页

作者： D.Klir S.L.jackson A.V.Shishlov V.A.Kokshenev K.Rezac A.R.Beresnyak R.K.Cherdizov j.Cikhardt B.Cikhardtova G.N.Dudkin j.t.engelbrecht F.I.Fursov j.Krasa j.Kravarik P.Kubes N.E.Kurmaev V.Munzar N.A.Ratakhin K.turek V.A.Varlachev Czech technical University in Prague Faculty of Electrical Engineering Plasma Physics Division U.S.Naval Research Laboratory Institute of High Current Electronics SB RAS National Research tomsk Polytechnic University Institute of Physics Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic Nuclear Physics Institute Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic

Z-pinch experiments with a hybrid configuration of a deuterium gas puff have been carried out on the HAWK（NRL, Washington, DC） and GIt-12（IHCE, tomsk） pulsed power generators at 0.7 MA and 3 MA currents, respectively. On GIt-12, neutron yields reached an average value of2 × 1012neutrons, and deuterons were accelerated up to an energy of 30 Me V. this was 50 times the ion energy provided by the generator driving voltage of 0.6 MV and the highest energy observed in z-pinches and dense plasma foci. to confirm these unique results independently on another device, we performed several experimental campaigns on the HAWK generator. Comparison of the experiments on GIt-12 and HAWK helped us to understand which parameters are essential for optimized neutron production. Since the HAWK generator is of a similar pulsed power architecture as GIt-12, the experiments on GIt-12 and HAWK are important for the study of how charged-particle acceleration scales with the current.

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Apples to oranges:environmentally derived,dynamic regulation of serotonin neuron subpopulations in adulthood?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2596-2597页

作者： Christopher j.O’Connell Matthew j.Robson Department of Genetics College of MedicineHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA james L.Winkle College of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Neuroscience Graduate Program College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA

traumatic brain injury(tBI)is a public health problem with an undue economic burden that impacts nearly every age,ethnic,and gender group across the globe(Capizzi et al.,2020).tBIs are often sustained during a dynamic range of exposures to energetic environmental forces and as such outcomes are typically heterogeneous regarding severity and pathology(Capizzi et al.,2020).

关键词： sustained orange dynamic

Influence of short chain ceramides and lipophilic penetration enhancers on the nano-structure of stratum corneum model membranes studied using neutron diffraction

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2013年第1期7卷 29-36页

作者： Annett SCHROEtER tanja engelbrecht Reinhard H. H. NEUBERt Institute of Pharmacy Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg D-06120 Halle/Saale Germany

Oriented stratum corneum model lipid membranes were used to study the influence of the short chain ceramides （CER）[NP] and [AP] as well as the impact of the lipophilic penetration enhancer molecules oleic acid （OA） and isopropyl myristate （IPM） on the lipid nanostrueture. the influence of the enhancer molecules were studied using specifically deuterated OA and IPM and neutron diffraction. 2H NMR spectroscopy was used to study the impact of the ceramides＇ degree of order within the stratum corneum model lipid membranes. It was found that CER[NP] forms two very stable phases with high resistance against temperature increase. Phase B showed unusual hydration behavior as no water uptake of this phase was observed. the 2H NMR spectroscopic measurements showed that CER[NP] based ternary model system had a higher state of lamellar order in comparison to CER[AP] based lipid matrix. the studies confirmed that the short chain ceramides, particularly CER[NP], have a very high impact on the integrity of the Stratum comeum lipid bilayers. the penetration enhancer OA has not influenced the repeat distance of the model membrane based on CER[AP], and was not able to induce a phase separation in the investigated lipid matrix. However, a disorder and a fluidisation of the model membranes were observed when OA was incorporated. IPM showed the same effect but two phases （assigned as phase A and B） appeared, when IPM was used as penetration enhancer and incorporated into the model membrane. Furthermore, two arrangements of IPM were identified in phase A using deuterated IPM. A model of the nanostructure of the Stratum corneum lipid membranes is presented.

关键词： nano-structure of the stratum corneum cer-amide penetration enhancer model membrane neutron diffraction 2H NMR spectroscopy

transport mechanism in chemically reactive hybrid nanofluid flow containing gyrotactic micro-organisms over a curved oscillatory surface

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 177-192页

作者： M.NAVEED M.IMRAN t.ASGHAR Z.ABBAS Department of Mathematics Division of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Education Department of Mathematics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

this paper examines the transport analysis, including both heat transfer and mass transfer, in hybrid nanofluid flow containing gyrotactic microorganisms towards a curved oscillatory surface. the influence of magnetic fields is also inspected in terms of their physical characteristics. to depict the phenomena of transport, modified versions of both Fick's and Fourier's laws are used. Additionally, the characteristics of both heterogeneous and homogeneous chemical reactions are also incorporated. Utilizing a curvilinear coordinate system, the flow problem is formulated as partial differential equations(PDEs)for momentum, concentration, microorganism field, and energy. An analytical solution to the obtained flow equations is achieved utilizing the homotopy analysis method(HAM).the effects of significant flow parameters on the pressure and microorganism fields, velocity, oscillation velocity, concentration, and temperature distributions are shown via graphs. Furthermore, the variations in skin friction, mass transfer rate, heat transfer rate, and local motile number due to different involved parameters are presented in tables and are analyzed in detail. Graphical results indicate that the curves of velocity and temperature fields are enhanced as the values of the solid volume fraction variables *** is also verified that the concentration rate field decreases as the values of the homogeneous reaction strength parameter and the radius of curvature parameter increase, and it increases with the Schmidt number and the heterogeneous reaction strength *** outcomes show a favorable response of the motile number to advanced values of the Peclet number, the Schmidt number, the microorganism difference parameter, and the bio-convective Lewis number.

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temporal dynamics of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy injuries on magnetic resonance imaging

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3144-3150页

作者： Holly Flyger Samantha j.Holdsworth Alistair j.Gunn Laura Bennet Hamid Abbasi Mātai Medical Research Institute Tairāwhiti GisborneNew Zealand Department of Anatomy&Medical Imaging Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Center for Brain Research The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Auckland Bioengineering Institute The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand

Moderate to severe perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy occurs in~1 to 3/1000 live births in high-income countries and is associated with a significant risk of death or neurodevelopmental *** assessment is important to help identify highrisk infants,to help families,and to support appropriate interventions.A wide range of monitoring tools is available to assess changes over time,including urine and blood biomarkers,neurological examination,and *** present,magnetic resonance imaging is unique as although it is expensive and not suited to monitoring the early evolution of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy by a week of life it can provide direct insight into the anatomical changes in the brain after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and so offers strong prognostic information on the long-term outcome after hypoxic-ischemic *** review investigated the temporal dynamics of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy injuries,with a particular emphasis on exploring the correlation between the prognostic implications of magnetic resonance imaging scans in the first week of life and their relationship to long-term outcome prediction,particularly for infants treated with therapeutic hypothermia.A comprehensive literature search,from 2016 to 2024,identified 20 pertinent *** review highlights that while the optimal timing of magnetic resonance imaging scans is not clear,overall,it suggests that magnetic resonance imaging within the first week of life provides strong prognostic *** challenges limit the timing consistency,particularly the need for intensive care and clinical ***,although most reports examined the prognostic value of scans taken between 4 and 10 days after birth,there is evidence from small numbers of cases that,at times,brain injury may continue to evolve for weeks after *** suggests that in the future it will be important to explore a wider range of times after hypo

关键词： magnetic resonance imaging neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy neurodevelopmental outcomes prognostic biomarkers in neuroimaging scan timing therapeutic hypothermia

Gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy:perspectives on the possibility of optimizing SMN1 delivery to correct all neurological and systemic perturbations

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2011-2012页

作者： Sharon j.Brown Rafael j.Yáñez-Muñoz Heidi R.Fuller School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering Keele UniversityKeeleUK Wolfson Center for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease TORCH BuildingRJAH Orthopaedic HospitalOswestryUK *** Center of Gene and Cell TherapyDepartment of Biological SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and the EnvironmentRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK

Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)is a genetic condition that results in selective lower motor neuron loss with concomitant muscle weakness and *** genetic cause of SMA was understood in 1995 when loss or impairment of the survival motor neuron 1(SMN1)gene was identified as the main contributing factor(Lefebvre et al.,1995).this,in combination with the discovery that humans have a“back-up”gene,SMN2,which can produce low levels(approximately 10%)of the full-length functional SMN protein,has led to the generation of SMA-specific gene *** was traditionally classified according to age of symptom onset and developmental milestones achieved,with life expectancy and severity varying between ***,SMN2 copy number is used as a proxy for the prediction of disease severity,with higher SMN2 copy number typically being associated with reduced severity of SMA,although this relationship is not absolute:some individuals with low SMN2 copy number have less severe SMA phenotypes and vice ***,the etiology of SMA is further complicated by other factors,such as non-typical nucleotide variants and SMN2-independent modifiers of disease severity.

关键词： atrophy traditionally absolute

Women in visual neural regeneration research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 489-490页

作者： tonia S.Rex David j.Calkins Vanderbilt Eye Institute Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA

the year 2024 marks the 60^(th)anniversary of title IX and 25 years since the New York times revealed bias against female faculty members at the Massachusetts Institute of *** take an opportunity here to examine the state of gender bias in a relatively new yet already prominent field,neural regeneration in the visual system,for which there is a well-defined context useful for this *** National Eye Institute(NEI)provided the first round of research funding for its Audacious Goals Initiative(AGI)on visual neural regeneration in 2013 and the last round in ***,we focus on this *** sources included PubMed,the National Science Foundation(NSF),the NEI,the Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research and data from the major professional organization for eye and vision research,the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology(ARVO).

关键词： neural visual times

Generation of brain vascular heterogeneity:recent advances from the perspective of angiogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2013-2014页

作者： Nathanael j.Lee Ryota L.Matsuoka Department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Heterogeneous proper t i es of vascular endothelial cells in the brain:the brain displays large energy dynamics and consumption,and this high level of metabolic demands is fulfilled by a continuous supply of glucose and oxygen through its vascular *** vasculature consists of highly divergent blood vessel branches,giving rise to a dense network of capillaries that supply blood to all cells across the *** elaborated vascular network is thought to develop via angiogenesis,a process in which new blood vessels grow from pre-existing *** capillaries exhibit organotypic features distinct from other tissues and are formed primarily by two major endothelial cell(EC)types:those that form the semi-permeable blood-brain barrier(BBB)and those that develop highly permeable pores known as fenestrae(Matsuoka et al.,2022).the structural and functional differences between BBB and fenestrated vascular ECs represent a fundamental feature of brain vasculature and form the foundation for both brain function and homeostasis.

关键词： angiogenesis homeostasis network

Maximizing biomass utilization: An integrated strategy for coproducing multiple chemicals

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 180-191页

作者： Byeongchan Ahn Sua jo jonggeol Na j.jay Liu Young-ju Kim Wangyun Won Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated process) Kyung Hee University Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Ewha Womans University Department of Chemical Engineering Pukyong National University Resources Engineering Plant Research Department Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources

Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the viable solutions to alleviate the global warming. However, the limited utilization of biomass majorly focused on cellulose and hemicellulose restricts the economic and environmental feasibilities. to cope with this issue, we proposed an integrated process of co-producing 1,6-hexanediol（1,6-HDO） with tetrahydrofuran and adipic acid from biomass, referred to as Strategy A. to compare the impacts of lignin upgrading and feedstock, Strategy B, which co-produces tetrahydrofuran alone, and Strategy C, which is the traditional route to produce 1,6-HDO from fossil fuels, were used. Heat networks are also designed to reduce operating costs and indirect carbon emissions due to energy consumption, saving 87% and 83% of the heat and cooling requirements, respectively, in Strategy A. the market competitiveness of Strategy A was evaluated by determining the minimum selling price through techno-economic analysis, and sustainability was thoroughly investigated by quantifying the environmental impacts through both midpoint and endpoint life-cycle assessments（LCAs）.Strategy A was found to be the most favorable both economically（USRDSCHARDOLLAR3,402/ton） and environmentally（-26.9 kg CO2eq.）. this indicates that lignin valorization is not only economically but also environmentally preferred. Finally, changes in economic and environmental feasibilities depending on economic, process, and environmental parameters were investigated using sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. the results of these analyses provide valuable insight into bio-based chemical production.

关键词： Biorefinery Carbon mitigation Climate change Global warming Lignin utilization Bioeconomy