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Shark scavenging behavior in the presence of competition

Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 100-108页

作者： Shannon P.GERRY Andrea j.scott Department of Biological Sciences University of Rhode Island Department of Biological Sciences Wellesley College

The distribution of organisms within a community can often be determined by the degree of plasticity or degree of specialization of resource acquisition. Resource acquisition is often based on the morphology of an organism, behavior, or a combination of both. Performance tests of feeding can identify the possible interactions that allow one species to better exploit a prey item. Scavenging behaviors in the presence or absence of a competitor were investigated by quantifying prey selection in a trophic generalist, spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias, and atrophic specialist, smooth-hounds Mustelus canis, in order to determine if each shark scavenged according to its jaw morphology. The diet of dogfish consists of small fishes, squid, ctenophores, and bi- valves; they are expected to be nonselective predators. Smooth-hounds primarily feed on crustaceans; therefore, they are predicted to select crabs over other prey types. Prey selection was quantified by ranking each prey item according to the order it was consumed. Dietary shifts were analyzed by comparing the percentage of each prey item selected during solitary versus competitive scavenging. When scavenging alone, dogfish prefer herring and squid, which are easily handled by the cutting dentition of dogfish. Dogfish shift their diet to include a greater number of prey types when scavenging with a competitor. Smooth-hounds scavenge on squid, herring, and shrimp when alone, but increase the number of crabs in the diet when scavenging competitively. Competition causes smooth-hounds to scavenge according to their jaw morphology and locomotor abilities, which enables them to feed on a specialized resource [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 100-108 2010].

关键词： Optimal foraging theory Prey selection Squalus acanthias Mustelus canis

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Heterozygous carriers of galactocerebrosidase mutations that cause Krabbe disease have impaired microglial function and defective repair of myelin damage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第3期13卷 393-401页

作者： Nicole j.scott-Hewitt Christopher j.Folts Mark D.Noble Department of Biomedical Genetics University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry

This review addresses two puzzling findings related to mutations in galactocerebrosidase （GALC） that cause Krabbe disease （KD）, a severe lysosomal storage disorder characterized by extensive myelin damage in children with mutations in both GALC alleles. First, heterozygous carriers of KD-causing mutations, which include the biological parents of children with KD, exhibit increased risk for developing other diseases. Second, variants in the GALC locus increase the risk of developing multiple sclerosis （MS）, another disease characterized by extensive myelin damage. What explains these correlations？ In studies on cuprizone-induced myelin damage in heterozygous （GALC＋/–） mice carrying one copy of a mutation that causes KD-like disease, the extent of damage was similar in GALC＋/– and wild-type （WT） mice. In contrast, GALC＋/- mice had striking defects in repair of cuprizone-induced damage. We further found unexpected microglial defects in myelin debris clearance and in the ability to up-regulate the Trem2 microglial protein critical for debris uptake. These defects were rescued by exposure to a lysosomal re-acidifying drug discovered in our studies on KD, and which provides multiple clinically relevant benefits in the twitcher （GALC＋/–） mouse model of KD. Thus, heterozygous GALC mutations cause effects on biological function that may help to understand the increased disease risk in heterozygous carriers of such mutations and to understand why GALC variations increase the risk of MS. Our findings indicate that while some genetic risk factors may contribute to complex diseases by increasing the risk of tissue damage, others may do so by compromising tissue repair.

关键词： vulnerability locus multiple sclerosis Krabbe disease galactocerebrosidase microglia myelin repair lysosomal storage disorders heterozygous carriers Trem2 demyelination

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ITERATIVE METHODS OF OBTAINING ESTIMATES FOR INCOMPLETE CONTINGENCY TABLES

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Systems Science and Mathematical Sciences 1989年第2期2卷 119-128页

作者：王东谦 David j.scott La Trobe University Bundoora VictoriaAustralia

An iterative method of De jong,Greig and Madan(1985)for obtaining maximum likelihoodestimates for contingency tables derived from a Mover-Stayer model is *** is shown that thismethod works for other sampling schemes l... 详细信息

关键词： Incomplete contingency tables maximum likelihood estimates Mover-Stayer model iterative method

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Surface texture evaluation of additively manufactured metallic cellular scaffolds for acetabular implants using *** computed tomography

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2019年第2期2卷 55-64页

作者： Shan Lou Luca Pagani Wenhan Zeng Muhammad U.Ghori Xiangqian jiang Paul j.scott EPSRC Future Metrology Hub University of HuddersfieldQueensgateHuddersfield HD1 3DHUK Department of Pharmacy University of HuddersfieldQueensgateHuddersfield HD1 3DHUK

The surface topography of acetabular implants plays a key role in providing cell attachment and *** measurement and characterisation of the surface texture of the cellular scaffold layer on the acetabular cup are very difficult due to the 3D nature of scaffold *** is proposed to use X-ray computed tomography(XCT)to measure the surface texture of an electron beam melting-produced titanium acetabular *** surface texture of its cellular scaffold is evaluated using the newly developed 3D surface texture parameters,which allows surface characterisation on 3D triangular mesh *** commonly used height parameters,*** arithmetical mean height Sa,the root mean square height Sq,the skewness Ssk and the kurtosis Sku,are calculated from surface patches extracted from the XCT scanned triangular mesh *** addition,the surface peak density and pit density,which are more related to cell communication and proliferation,are estimated based on the 3D watershed *** Wolf pruning with an empirical threshold 12μm is used to control the over-segmentation.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Cellular scaffold Surface texture X-ray computed tomography

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Immune Activation in the Liver by Nucleic Acids

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journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2016年第2期4卷 151-157页

作者： Qian Sun Qingde Wang Melanie j.scott Timothy R.Billiar Department of Surgery University of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA

Viral infection in the liver,including hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection,is a major health problem worldwide,especially in developing *** infection triggers a pro-inflammatory response in patients that is crucial for host *** studies have identified multiple transmembrane and cytosolic receptors that recognize pathogen-derived nucleic acids,and these receptors are essential for driving immune activation in the *** addition to sensing DNA/RNA from pathogens,these intracellular receptors can be activated by nucleic acids of host origin in response to sterile *** this review,we discuss the expanding roles of these receptors in both immune and nonimmune cells in the liver.

关键词： Nucleic acid Innate immunity Intracellular receptor Hepatocytes

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3rd ANtarctic Gravity Wave Instrument Network(ANGWIN)Science Workshop

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第1期34卷 1-3页

作者： Tracy MOFFAT-GRIFFIN Mike j.TAYLOR Takuji NAKAMURA Andrew j.KAVANAGH j.scott HOSKING Andrew ORR Britsh Antarctic survey High CrossCambridge CB30ETUK Utah State University LoganUT84322USA National Institute of Polar Research Tachikawa-shiTokyo 190-8518Japan

1. Overview The 3rd ANtarctic Gravity Wave Instrument Network （ANGWIN） science workshop was held on 12-14 April 2016 in Cambridge, UK. ANGWIN is a highly successful grassroots program that was started in 2011 （in the Cornish English dialect ANGWIN means ＂the white＂）. Although ini- tially focused on the Antarctic, we now aim to develop collaborations in both polar regions.

关键词： ANGWIN)Science Workshop Wave

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基于坡变换的表面测量中的形态学操作理论探究（英文）

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journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2015年第5期16卷 395-403页

作者： Shan LOU Xiang-qian jIANG Wen-han ZENG Paul j.scott EPSRC Innovative Manufacure Research Centre in Advanced Metrology School of Computing and EngineeringUniversity of Huddersfield

目的:通过引入坡变换,揭示表面测量中形态学操作的本质。创新点:引入坡变换,将空间域的形态学膨胀操作转换为坡域的加法操作,揭示结构元素对表面轮廓坡度和曲率的改变。方法:1.基于坡变换理论,空间域的切膨胀操作对应于坡域的加法操作(... 详细信息

目的:通过引入坡变换,揭示表面测量中形态学操作的本质。创新点:引入坡变换,将空间域的形态学膨胀操作转换为坡域的加法操作,揭示结构元素对表面轮廓坡度和曲率的改变。方法:1.基于坡变换理论,空间域的切膨胀操作对应于坡域的加法操作(图9);2.分析圆结构元素作用于正弦波和圆的理论解;3.用不同半径的圆结构元素作用于正弦波,分析切膨胀和经典膨胀的相同和不同之处。结论:1.坡变换将形态学操作从空间域转换到坡域,可获取类似于傅立叶变换将卷积操作从空间域转换到频域的分析能力;2.切膨胀操作为经典膨胀操作的上确界,但会产生重叠区域。

关键词：形态学操作坡变换切膨胀卷积表面测量

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Top quark pair production at complete NLO accuracy with NNLO+NNLL′corrections in QCD

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Chinese Physics C 2020年第8期44卷 40-45页

作者： MichałCzakon Andrea Ferroglia Alexander Mitov Davide Pagani Andrew S.Papanastasiou Benjamin D.Pecjak Darren j.scott Ioannis Tsinikos Xing Wang Li Lin Yang Marco Zaro Institut für Theoretische Teilchenphysik und Kosmologie RWTH Aachen UniversityD-52056 AachenGermany New York City College of Technology BrooklynNY 11201USA The Graduate School and University Center The City University of New YorkNew YorkNY 10016 USA Cavendish Laboratory University of CambridgeCB30HE CambridgeUK Technische Universität München James-Franck-Str.1D-85748 GarchingGermany Theory Group Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron(DESY)D-22607 HamburgGermany Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology University of DurhamDH13LE DurhamUK Institute for Theoretical Physics University of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XH AmsterdamThe Netherlands Nikhef Theory GroupScience Park 1051098 XGAmsterdamThe Netherlands Theoretical Particle Physics Department of Astronomy and Theoretical PhysicsLund UniversitySölvegatan 14ASE-22362 LundSweden PRISMA+Cluster of Excellence Johannes Gutenberg UniversityD-55128 MainzGermany Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics Department of PhysicsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China INFN Sezione di MilanoVia Celoria 1620133 MilanoItaly

We describe predictions for top quark pair differential distributions at hadron colliders,by combining the next-to-next-to-leading order quantum chromodynamics calculations and next-to-leading order electroweak corrections with double resummation at the next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy of threshold logarithms and small-mass *** the best of our knowledge,this is the first study to present such a combination,which incorporates all known perturbative *** results are presented for the invariant-mass distribution,transverse-momentum distribution,and rapidity distributions.

关键词： top quark production QCD electroweak

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Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis-ESI-MS for Rapid, Multi-level Analysis of Complex Proteins

Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis-ESI-MS for Rapid, Multi-...

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2018年中国质谱学术大会（CMSC2018）

作者： Liang Wang Erin Redman j.scott Mellors 908 Devices Inc.

Introduction: Mass spec characterization of proteins often requires multiple "levels" of analysis to generate a complete picture of the molecule. These levels are commonly referred to as top-down, middle-down/up, and bottomup. While LC-MS methods have been developed for each of these levels, those methods typically require completely different columns and mobile phases for the different levels;and the methods typically yield relatively poor results for middle and top down analysis. Microchip CE-ESI-MS can achieve excellent performance for all of these levels, using the same exact experimental conditions. This enables rapid, back-to-back multilevel characterization of a protein, with no down-time between samples. Method: All work was performed using a commercially available microfluidic CE-ESI system(ZipChip, 908 Devices Inc.). The microfluidic devices utilize a covalently attached, neutral polymer surface coating to prevent analyte interactions and suppress electroosmotic flow. For the work shown here, a chip with a 22 cm long separation channel was used(ZipChip HR chip). Data were collected on a Thermo Tribrid Fusion Lumos or an Exactive Plus EMR mass spectrometer. To achieve successful analysis at all three structural levels, a background electrolyte(BGE) with a relatively low pH was chosen. The ZipChip "Metabolite BGE"(908 Devices Inc.) is a low p H mixture containing water, methanol, and formic acid. While it was developed for optimizing metabolite separations, it is well suited for many peptide and intact protein analyses as well. Native analysis of a monoclonal antibody is also shown as a point of comparison. That method uses a BGE with a neutral pH and a low organic content(ZipChip Native Antibody BGE). Conclusion: This study has shown the ability of ZipChip CE-ESI MS system to run such a wide range of applications without making any changes to the system, which means that a wide variety of samples can simply and efficiently be run on the mass spec. For labs

关键词： Multi-level complex proteins CE-ESI-MS ZipChip HR chip

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Effect of Exercise and Sham Exercise Trackers on Perceived Workout Intensity and Mood in College Students

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journal of Psychological Research 2021年第1期3卷 1-6页

作者： Elizabeth j.scott Terry F.Pettijohn II Coastal Carolina University Department of PsychologyCoastal Carolina UniversityP.O.Box 261954ConwaySouth Carolina29528-6054United States

Exercise is an essential contributor to both physical and mental health and is a significant part of a person’s overall *** the increasing popularity of exercise trackers,researchers were interested in the effects of sham exercise trackers on perceptions of workouts and *** predicted participants wearing a sham Fitbit band would report greater perceptions of workout intensity,challenge,and satisfaction compared to those without sham Fitbit *** addition,those wearing sham Fitbit bands were predicted to report greater positive affect and lower negative affect than those without *** hundred twenty student participants(60 in each group;one group with a sham Fitbit and one group with no Fitbit)were recruited from campus workout classes of Zumba,spinning,and body *** worked out and completed a PANAS survey,plus other workout perception *** using a sham Fitbit,participants believed the workout was more intense,physically challenging,and they were more satisfied with their ***,presence of a sham Fitbit band did not significantly affect *** suggest that knowledge of wearing an exercise tracker,even without any workout data feedback,has an effect on workout perceptions,but has little effect on mood.

关键词： Exercise Mood Fitbit PANAS Zumba Spinning Body sculpting

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