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Perturbations in the earthworm metabolite profile during a two-week exposure to metformin

Emerging Contaminants 2024年第3期10卷 221-229页

作者： j.D.Gillis G.W.Price s.O.Prasher Department of Bioresource Engineering McGill UniversityFaculty of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesMacdonald-Stewart Building MS1-02721111 Lakeshore RoadSainte-Anne-de-BellevueQuebecH9X 3V9Canada Department of Engineering Dalhousie UniversityFaculty of Agriculture39 Cox RoadPO Box 550TruroNova ScotiaB2N 5E3Canada

Metformin is among the most prescribed pharmaceuticals in many countries,and as a result has shown up in biosolids derived from municipal wastewater treatment that are destined for land *** humans taking metformin,the effects include reduced glucose uptake in the intestine,a reduction in gluconeogenesis,increased oxidation of fatty acids,and reduced fatty acid *** effects of metformin on soil-dwelling organisms are not well *** study tested the effects of metformin exposure(0,10,40,160,640μg g^(-1))on the earthworm(***)at four time points(6 h,2 d,7 d,and 14 d)using GC-Ms to reveal sub-lethal effects and elucidate potential modes of action for *** were no mortalities observed,and earthworms exposed to the highest concentrations(160 and 640μg g^(-1))gained weight relative to the control on days 7 and *** reductions on day 7 were observed for glucose and malic acid(consistent with a reduction in gluconeogenesis),and for palmitic and margaric acid(consistent with increased oxidation and reduced synthesis of fatty acids).Lactic acid ranked first and second among canonicals 1 and 2 respectively and led to significant differences in discriminant scores across concentration and *** levels increased to equal or greater than the control on day 14,likely caused by reduced exposure as metformin is reported to be readily transformed by microorganisms under aerobic *** observations were consistent with the known effects of metformin in humans,and suggests that a similar mode of action exists in earthworms.

关键词： Metabolites Toxicity Earthworms Metformin GC-Ms

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Rescattering of stimulated Raman side scattering in nonuniform plasmas

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第5期9卷 68-76页

作者： s.Tan Q.Wang Y.Chen W.B.Yao C.Z.Xiao j.F.Myatt school of Physics and Electronics Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100094China school of Electrical and Information Engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanAnhui 232001China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta9211116 St.NWEdmontonAlberta T6G 1H9Canada

Rescattering of stimulated Raman side scattering(sRss)is observed for the first time via two-dimensional(2D)particle-in-cell(piC)*** construct a theoretical model for the rescattering process,which can predict the region of occurrence of mth-order sRss and estimate its *** rescattering process is identified by the 2D piC simulations under typical conditions of a direct-drive inertial confinement fusion *** electrons produced by second-order sRss propagate nearly perpendicular to the density gradient and gain nearly the same energy as in first-order sRss,but there is no cascade acceleration to produce superhot *** studies for a wide range of ignition conditions show that sRss and associated rescatterings are robust and important processes in inertial confinement fusion.

关键词： nonuniform acceleration scattering

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Enhanced photoluminescence of a microporous quantum dot color conversion layer by inkjet printing

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Nano Research 2024年第8期17卷 7717-7725页

作者： junchi Chen Qihao jin Yidenekachew.j.Donie Orlando.T.Perales Dmitry Busko Bryce.s.Richards Uli Lemmer Light Technology Institute(LTI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Engesserstrasse 1376131 KarlsruheGermany Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials science University of Minnesota(UMN)421 Washington Ave.SEMinneapolisMN 55455-0132USA Institute for Microstructure Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany

Owing to their high color purity,tunable bandgap,and high efficiency,quantum dots(QDs)have gained significant attention as color conversion materials for high-end display ***,inkjet-printed QD pixels show great potential for realizing full-color mini/micro-light emitting diode(micro-LED)-based *** a color conversion layer,the photoluminescence intensity of QDs is limited by the insufficient absorptance of the excitation light due to the lack of *** scatterers,such as titanium dioxide microparticles,have been applied after additional surface engineering for sufficient dispersity to prevent nozzle clogging in inkjet printing *** our work,as an alternative approach,we use inkjet printing for depositing a phase separating polymer ink based on polystyrene(Ps)and polyethylene glycol(PEG).QD/polymer composite pixels with scattering micropores are *** morphology of the micropores can be tailored by the weight ratio between Ps and PEG which enables the manipulation of scattering *** the presence of the microporous structure,the photoluminescence intensity of the QD film is enhanced by 110%in drop-cast films and by 35.3%in inkjet-printed QD pixel arrays compared to the reference samples.

关键词： porous structure inkjet printing phase separation quantum dots display technology

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Design and synthesis of synthetic promoters for consistency of gene expression across growth phases and scale in ***

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synthetic and systems Biotechnology 2024年第2期9卷 330-339页

作者： Kristin V.Presnell Omar Melhem sarah M.Coleman Nicholas j.Morse Hal s.Alper McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin200E Dean Keeton St.Stop C0400AustinTX78712USA Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology The University of Texas at Austin2500 Speedway AvenueAustinTX78712USA

Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology endeavors benefit from promoters that perform consistently(or robustly)with respect to cellular growth phase(exponential and stationary)and fermentation scale(microtiter plates,tubes,flasks,and bioreactors).However,nearly all endogenous promoters(especially in saccharomyces cerevisiae)do not perform in this *** this work,a hybrid promoter engineering strategy is leveraged to create novel synthetic promoters with robustness across these *** a multi-dimensional RNA-seq dataset,promoters with specific phase dependencies were *** enriched with functional transcription factors were identified using MEME *** motif-containing fragments could impart activity dependence in the opposing ***,we obtain two new promoters with high and consistent expression across both phases by increasing the exponential phase activity of the starting stationary-phase scaffold by 38 and 23-fold ***,we show that these promoters function consistently across various laboratory growth scales over time in a microtiter plate and in ***,this work presents and validates a new strategy for engineering promoters in *** with high levels of expression that are robust to cellular growth phase and the scale of the culture.

关键词： endogenous synthetic stationary

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Comparative analysis of microstructure,mechanical,and corrosion properties of biodegradable Mg-3Y alloy prepared by selective laser melting and spark plasma sintering

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journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第4期12卷 1496-1510页

作者： P.Minárik M.Zemková s.Šašek j.Dittrich M.Knapek F.Lukáˇc D.Koutný j.jaroš R.Král Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles UniversityKe Karlovu 5Praha 12116Czech Republic Research Centre University ofŽilinaUniverzitná8215/1Žilina 01026Slovakia Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of sciences Za Slovankou 1782/318200 Praha 8Czech Republic Institute of Machine and Industrial Design Brno University of TechnologyTechnická2896/2Brno 61669Czech Republic

This work explored possibilities of biodegradable magnesium alloy Mg-3Y preparation by two modern powder metallurgy techniques–spark plasma sintering(sPs)and selective laser melting(sLM).The powder material was consolidated by both methods utilising optimised parameters,which led to very low porosity(∼0.3%)in the sLM material and unmeasurably low porosity in the sPs *** main aim of the study was the thorough microstructure characterisation and interrelation between the microstructure and the functional properties,such as mechanical strength,deformability,and corrosion *** materials showed comparable strength of∼110 MPa in tension and compression and relatively good deformability of∼9%and∼21%for the sLM and sPs materials,*** corrosion resistance of the sPs material in 0.1 M NaCl solution was superior to the sLM one and comparable to the conventional extruded *** digital image correlation during loading and the cross-section analysis of the corrosion layers revealed that the residual porosity and large strained grains have the dominant negative effect on the functional properties of the sLM *** the other hand,one of the primary outcomes of this study is that the sPs consolidation method is very effective in the preparation of the W3 biodegradable alloy,resulting in material with convenient mechanical and degradation properties that might find practical applications.

关键词： Magnesium Yttrium Powder metallurgy Microstructure Mechanical strength Corrosion resistance

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Estradiol increases cortical and trabecular bone accrual and bone strength in an adolescent male-to-female mouse model of gender-affirming hormone therapy

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 95-106页

作者： Tian Nie Varun s.Venkatesh suzanne Golub Kathryn s.stok Haniyeh Hemmatian Reena Desai David j.Handelsman jeffrey D.Zajac Mathis Grossmann Rachel A.Davey Department of Medicine Austin HealthUniversity of MelbourneHeidelbergVIC 3084Australia Department of Biomedical Engineering University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia ANZAC Research Institute University of Sydney and AndrologyConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNSW 2137Australia

The effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on the skeletal integrity and fracture risk in transitioning adolescent trans girls are *** address this knowledge gap,we developed a mouse model to simulate male-to-female transition in human adolescents in whom puberty is first arrested by using gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogs with subsequent estradiol *** was suppressed by orchidectomy in male mice at 5 weeks of *** 3 weeks post-surgery,male-to-female mice were treated with a high dose of estradiol(~0.85 mg)by intraperitoneal silastic implantation for 12 *** included intact and orchidectomized males at 3 weeks post-surgery,vehicle-treated intact males,intact females and orchidectomized males at 12 weeks *** to male controls,orchidectomized males exhibited decreased peak bone mass accrual and a decreased maximal force the bone could withstand prior to *** treatment in orchidectomized male-to-female mice compared to mice in all control groups was associated with an increased cortical thickness in the mid-diaphysis,while the periosteal circumference increased to a level that was intermediate between intact male and female controls,resulting in increased maximal force and *** trabecular bone,estradiol treatment increased newly formed trabeculae arising from the growth plate as well as mineralizing surface/bone surface and bone formation rate,consistent with the anabolic action of estradiol on osteoblast *** data support the concept that skeletal integrity can be preserved and that long-term fractures may be prevented in trans girls treated with GnRHa and a sufficiently high dose of *** study is needed to identify an optimal dose of estradiol that protects the bone without adverse side effects.

关键词： treatment treatment strength

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Women in visual neural regeneration research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 489-490页

作者： Tonia s.Rex David j.Calkins Vanderbilt Eye Institute Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA

The year 2024 marks the 60^(th)anniversary of Title IX and 25 years since the New York Times revealed bias against female faculty members at the Massachusetts Institute of *** take an opportunity here to examine the state of gender bias in a relatively new yet already prominent field,neural regeneration in the visual system,for which there is a well-defined context useful for this *** National Eye Institute(NEI)provided the first round of research funding for its Audacious Goals Initiative(AGI)on visual neural regeneration in 2013 and the last round in ***,we focus on this *** sources included PubMed,the National science Foundation(NsF),the NEI,the Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research and data from the major professional organization for eye and vision research,the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology(ARVO).

关键词： neural visual Times

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Weight regain after intragastric balloon for pre-surgical weight loss

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World journal of Gastrointestinal surgery 2024年第7期16卷 2040-2046页

作者： Danielle Abbitt Kevin Choy Alexandra Kovar Teresa s jones Krzysztof j Wikiel Edward L jones Department of surgery University of ColoradoAuroraCO 80045United States Department of surgery Rocky Mountain Regional Veteran Affairs Medical CenterAuroraCO 80045United States

BACKGROUND Over one-third of Americans carry the diagnosis of obesity,many also with obesity-related *** can place patients at increased risk of operative and postoperative *** intragastric balloon has been shown to aid in minor weight loss,however its weight recidivism in patients requiring short interval weight loss has not been well *** To evaluate weight loss,ability to undergo successful elective surgery after intragastric balloon placement,and weight management after balloon *** This study is a retrospective review of patients in a single academic institution undergoing intragastric balloon placement from 2019-2023 to aid in weight loss prior to undergoing elective *** outcomes including weight loss,duration of balloon placement,successful elective surgery,weight regain postballoon and post-procedure complications were *** criteria included those with balloon in place at time of *** Thirty-three patients completed intragastric balloon therapy from 2019-2023 as a bridge to elective *** patients were required to participate in a 12-month weight management program to be eligible for balloon *** surgeries included incisional hernia repair,umbilical hernia repair,inguinal hernia repair,and knee and hip *** average age at placement was 53 years±11 years,majority(91%)were *** average duration of intragastric balloon therapy was 186 days±41 *** average weight loss was 14.0 kg±7.4 kg and with an average percent excess body weight loss of 30.0%(7.9%-73.6%).Over half of the patients(52.0%)achieved the goal of 30-50 lbs(14-22 kg)weight ***-one patients(64%)underwent their intended elective surgery,2 patients(6%)deferred surgery due to symptom relief with weight loss ***-one of the patients(64%)have documented weights in 3 months after balloon removal,in these patients the majority(76%)gained weight after balloon *** pat

关键词： Intragastric balloon Weight loss Obesity Bariatric Body mass index

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Interfacial stress engineering toward enhancement of ferroelectricity in Al doped HfO_(2)thin films

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第9期33卷 637-643页

作者： s X Chen M M Chen Y Liu D W Cao G j Chen Department of Microelectronics Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Department of Physics Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology Foshan UniversityFoshan 528225China

Ferroelectric HfO_(2)has attracted much attention owing to its superior ferroelectricity at an ultra-thin thickness and good compatibility with si-based complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOs)***,the crystallization of polar orthorhombic phase(o-phase)HfO_(2)is less competitive,which greatly limits the ferroelectricity of the as-obtained ferroelectric HfO_(2)thin ***,the crystallization of o-phase HfO_(2)can be thermodynamically modulated via interfacial stress *** this paper,the growth of improved ferroelectric Al doped HfO_(2)(HfO_(2):Al)thin films on(111)-oriented si substrate has been *** analysis has suggested that nonpolar monoclinic HfO_(2):Al grown on(111)-oriented si substrate suffered from a strong compressive strain,which promoted the crystallization of(111)-oriented o-phase HfO_(2)in the as-grown HfO_(2):Al thin *** addition,the in-plane lattice of(111)-oriented si substrate matches well with that of(111)-oriented o-phase HfO_(2),which further thermally stabilizes the o-phase HfO_(2).Accordingly,an improved ferroelectricity with a remnant polarization(2P_(r))of 26.7C/cm^(2) has been *** results shown in this work provide a simple way toward the preparation of improved ferroelectric HfO_(2)thin films.

关键词： improved ferroelectricity interfacial stress engineering compressive strain HfO_(2)

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sustained adenosine release:Revealing its impact on osteogenic signalling pathways of human mesenchymal stromal cells

Engineered Regeneration

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Engineered Regeneration 2024年第2期5卷 255-268页

作者： Hadi Hajiali jane McLaren Cristina Gonzalez-García salah Abdelrazig Dong-Hyun Kim Matthew j.Dalby Manuel salmerón-sánchez Felicity R.A.j.Rose school of Pharmacy Nottingham Biodiscovery InstituteUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Healthcare Technologies Institute School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment University of GlasgowGlasgowUK Centre for Analytical Bioscience Advanced Materials&Healthcare Technologies DivisionSchool of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Marine Microbiomics Program in BiologyDivision of Science and MathematicsNew York University Abu Dhabi(NYUAD)P.O.Box 129188Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates

Non-healing fractures,a global health concern arising from trauma,osteoporosis,and tumours,can lead to severe ***,integral to cellular energy metabolism,gains prominence in bone regeneration via adeno-sine A2 B receptor *** study introduces a controlled-release system for localized adenosine delivery,fostering human mesenchymal stromal cell(hMsC)differentiation into functional bone *** study investi-gates how the ratio of lactic acid to glycolic acid in microparticles can influence adenosine release and explores the downstream effects on gene expression and metabolic profiles of osteogenic differentiation in hMsCs cultured in growth and osteoinductive *** into adenosine-modulated signalling pathways during MsC differenti-ation,with osteogenic factors,provide a comprehensive understanding of the pathways *** gene expression and metabolic profiles unravels adenosine’s regulatory mechanisms in MsC *** adenosine release from microparticles induces mineralization,synergizing with osteogenic media supplements,showcasing the potential of adenosine for treating critical bone defects and metabolic *** study high-lights the efficacy of a polymeric microparticle-based delivery system,offering novel strategies for bone *** adenosine’s roles and associated signalling pathways advances our comprehension of molecular mech-anisms steering bone regeneration,propelling innovative biomaterial,combined with metabolites,approaches for clinical use.

关键词： Adenosine release Osteogenic signalling pathways Human mesenchymal stromal cells Bone regeneration

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