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The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)on the SMILE Mission

Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 5-14页

作者： S.Sembay A.L.Alme D.Agnolon T.Arnold A.Beardmore A.Belén Balado Margeli C.Bicknell C.Bouldin g.Branduardi-Raymont T.Crawford j.P.Breuer T.Buggey g.Butcher R.Canchal j.A.Carter A.Cheney Y.Collado-Vega H.Connor T.Crawford N.Eaton C.Feldman C.Forsyth T.Frantzen g.galgóczi j.garcia g.Y.genov C.gordillo H-P.gröbelbauer M.guedel Y.guo M.Hailey D.Hall R.Hampson j.Hasiba O.Hetherington A.Holland S-Y.Hsieh M.W.j.Hubbard H.jeszenszky M.jones T.Kennedy K.Koch-Mehrin S.Kögl S.Krucker K.D.Kuntz C.Lakin g.Laky O.Lylund A.Martindale j.Miguel Mas Hesse R.Nakamura K.Oksavik N.Østgaard H.Ottacher R.Ottensamer C.Pagani S.Parsons P.Patel j.pearson.g.peikert F.S.Porter T.Pouliantis B.H.Qureshi W.Raab g.Randal A.M.Read N.M.M.Roque M.E.Rostad C.Runciman S.Sachdev A.Samsonov M.Soman D.Sibeck S.Smit j.Søndergaard R.Speight S.Stavland M.Steller TianRan Sun j.Thornhill W.Thomas K.Ullaland B.Walsh D.Walton C.Wang S.Yang School of Physics and Astronomy University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Space Park Leicester University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College LondonDorkingRH56NTUK Centre for Electronic Imaging Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76 AAUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and TechnologyUniv.of BergenN-5007 BergenNorway University of Vienna A-1010 ViennaAustria Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of SciencesA-8042 GrazAustria National Institute of Aerospace Technology MadridSpain ESTEC European Space Agency2201 AZ NoordwijkNetherlands State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CentreBeijing 100190China University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland CH-5210 WindischSwitzerland Koegl Space gmbH CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Space Acoustics gmbH CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Zurich University of Applied Sciences 8400 WinterhurSwitzerland genov Solutions N-5172 LoddefjordNorway STM Engineering N-5165 LaksevagNorway john Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory MD 20723USA NASA/goddard Space Flight Centre MD 20771USA Center for Space Physics Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Masaryk University60177 BrnoCzech Republic Institute of Physics E¨otvo¨s Lor´and University1053 BudapestHungary Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100045China Centro de Astrobiologia(CAB) CSIC-INTAMadridSpain

The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)is part of the scientific payload of the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)*** is a joint science mission between the European Space Agency(ESA)and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and is due for launch in *** is a compact X-ray telescope with a wide field-of-view(FOV)capable of encompassing large portions of Earth’s magnetosphere from the vantage point of the SMILE *** is sensitive to the soft X-rays produced by the Solar Wind Charge eXchange(SWCX)process produced when heavy ions of solar wind origin interact with neutral particles in Earth’s *** provides a mechanism for boundary detection within the magnetosphere,such as the position of Earth’s magnetopause,because the solar wind heavy ions have a very low density in regions of closed magnetic field *** sensitivity of the SXI is such that it can potentially track movements of the magnetopause on timescales of a few minutes and the orbit of SMILE will enable such movements to be tracked for segments lasting many *** is led by the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom(UK)with collaborating organisations on hardware,software and science support within the UK,Europe,China and the United States.

关键词： Soft X-ray Imaging micropore optics large area CCD

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Exploring the associations between skeletal muscle echogenicity and physical function in aging adults:A systematic review with meta-analyses

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 820-840页

作者： Dustin j.Oranchuk Stephan g.Bodkin Katie L.Boncella Michael O.Harris-Love Muscle Morphology Mechanicsand Performance LaboratoryDepartment of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO 80045USA Department of Physical Therapy

Background:Assessment and quantification of skeletal muscle within the aging population is vital for diagnosis,treatment,and injury/disease *** clinical availability of assessing muscle quality through diagnostic ultrasound presents an opportunity to be utilized as a screening tool for function-limiting ***,relationships between muscle echogenicity and clinical functional assessments require authoritative ***,we aimed to(a) synthesize the literature to assess the relationships between skeletal muscle echogenicity and physical function in older adults(≥60 years),(b) perform pooled analyses of relationships between skeletal muscle echogenicity and physical function,and(c) perform sub-analyses to determine between-muscle ***:CINAHL,Embase,MEDLINE,PubMed,and Web of Science databases were systematically searched to identify articles relating skeletal muscle echogenicity to physical function in older ***-of-bias assessments were conducted along with funnel plot ***-analyses with and without sub-analyses for individual muscles were performed utilizing Fisher's Z transformation for the most common measures of physical ***'s Z was back-transformed to pearson's r for ***:Fifty-one articles(n=5095,female=~2759,male=~2301,72.5± 5.8 years,mean±SD(1 study did not provide sex descriptors))were extracted for review,with previously unpublished data obtained from the authors of 13 *** rectus femoris(n=34) and isometric knee extension strength(n=22) were the most accessed muscle and physical qualities,*** relationship between quadriceps echogenicity and knee extensor strength was moderate(n=2924,r=-0.36(95% confidence interval:-0.38 to-0.32),p grip strength,walking speed,sit-to-stand,timed up-and-go) resulting in slightly weaker correlations(r:-0.34 to-0.23,all p <0.001).Sub-analyses determined minimal differences in predicti

关键词： Correlations Echo intensity Elderly Intramuscular fat Strength

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Maximal number of distinct H-eigenpairs for a two-dimensional real tensor

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Frontiers of Mathematics in China 2013年第1期8卷 85-105页

作者： Kelly j. pearson Tan ZHANg Department of Mathematics and Statistics Murray State University Murray KY 42071-0009USA

Based on the generalized characteristic polynomial introduced by j. Canny in generalized characteristic polynomials [j. Symbolic Comput., 1990, 9（3）： 241-250], it is immediate that for any m-order n-dimensional real tensor, the number of distinct H-eigenvalues is less than or equal to n（m-1）n-1. However, there is no known bounds on the maximal number of distinct H- eigenvectors in general. We prove that for any m ~〉 2, an m-order 2-dimensional tensor sd exists such that d has 2（m - 1） distinct H-eigenpairs. We give examples of 4-order 2-dimensional tensors with six distinct H-eigenvalues as well as six distinct H-eigenvectors. We demonstrate the structure of eigenpairs for a higher order tensor is far more complicated than that of a matrix. Further- more, we introduce a new class of weakly symmetric tensors, called p-symmetric tensors, and show under certain conditions, p-symmetry will effectively reduce the maximal number of distinct H-eigenveetors for a given two-dimensional tensor. Lastly, we provide a complete classification of the H-eigenvectors of a given 4-order 2-dimensional nonnegative p-symmetric tensor. Additionally, we give sufficient conditions which prevent a given 4-order 2-dimensional nonnegative irreducible weakly symmetric tensor from possessing six pairwise distinct H-eigenveetors.

关键词： Symmetric tensor H-eigenpairs

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Morphology and efficiency enhancements of PTB7-Th:ITIC nonfullerene organic solar cells processed via solvent vapor annealing

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2019年第10期28卷 148-156页

作者： Robert S. gurney Wei Li Yu Yan Dan Liu Andrew j. pearson Tao Wang School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070HubeiChina State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070HubeiChina Cavendish Laboratory University of CambridgeJ. J. Thomson AvenueCambridge CB3 0HEUK

The nanoscale morphology within the photoactive layer of organic solar cells is critical in determining the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Here, we draw attention to the roles of molecular arrangement, and domain size in improving performance, which can be tuned by subjecting the photovoltaic materials to solvent vapor annealing (SVA). In our PTB7-Th:ITIC devices, the PCE can be improved by exposing the device to solvent vapor for 60 s after solution casting. The solvent vapor prolongs reorganizational time and increases molecular ordering and domain size/phase separation, which are sub-optimal in pristine PTB7-Th:ITIC blend films. This improved morphology results in better charge mobility, reduced recombination, and ultimately an improved PCE from 7.1% to 7.9% when using CS2 as the annealing solvent. This simple SVA technique can be applied to a range of OPV systems where the molecular ordering is inferior within the as-cast photoactive layer.

关键词： Polymer solar cells Non-fullerene Solvent vapor annealing

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Schistosoma mansoni proteins attenuate gastrointestinal motility disturbances during experimental colitis in mice

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World journal of gastroenterology 2010年第6期16卷 703-712页

作者： Nathalie E Ruyssers Benedicte Y De Winter joris g De Man Natacha D Ruyssers Ann j Van gils Alex Loukas Mark S pearson joel V Weinstock Paul A Pelckmans Tom g Moreels Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics Division of GastroenterologyUniversity of Antwerp Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology Queensland Institute of Medical Research 4006 Brisbane Division of gastroenterology-Hepatology Tufts New England Medical Center

AIM:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Schistosoma mansoni(***) soluble worm proteins on gastrointestinal motility disturbances during experimental colitis in mice. METHODS:Colitis was induced by intrarectal injection of trinitrobenzene sulphate(TNBS) and 6 h later,mice were treated ip with *** *** were performed 5 d after TNBS *** quantified using validated inflammation parameters. gastric emptying and geometric center were measured to assess in vivo gastrointestinal *** activity of distal colonic segments was studied in vitro using a modified Trendelenburg *** profiles of T-lymphocytes isolated from the colon were determined by real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS:Intracolonic injection of TNBS caused severe *** with *** proteins significantly ameliorated colonic inflammation after 5 *** did not affect gastric emptying but significantly decreased the geometric center and impaired colonic peristaltic activity 5 d after the induction of *** with *** proteins ameliorated these in vivo and in vitro motility *** addition,TNBS injection caused a downregulation of effector T cell cytokines after 5 d,whereas a *** protein effect was no longer observed at this time point. CONCLUSION:Treatment with *** proteins attenuated intestinal inflammation and ameliorated motility disturbances during murine experimental colitis.

关键词： Schistosoma mansoni Helminth proteins Colitis Peristalsis Crohn’s disease gastrointestinal motility Trinitrobenzene sulphate

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Eliciting conditioned taste aversion in lizards:Live toxic prey are more effective than scent and taste cues alone

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Integrative Zoology 2017年第2期12卷 112-120页

作者： georgia WARD-FEAR jai THOMAS jonathan K.WEBB David j.pearson Richard SHINE School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch UniversityWestern AustraliaAustralia School of Life Sciences University of Technology SydneyBroadwayNew South WalesAustralia Western Australian Department of Parks and Wildlife WanerooWestern AustraliaAustralia

Conditioned taste aversion(CTA)is an adaptive learning mechanism whereby a consumer associates the taste of a certain food with symptoms caused by a toxic substance,and thereafter avoids eating that type of ***,wildlife researchers have employed CTA to discourage native fauna from ingesting toxic cane toads(Rhinella marina),a species that is invading tropical *** this paper,we compare the results of 2 sets of CTA trials on large varanid lizards(“goannas,”Varanus panoptes).One set of trials(described in this paper)exposed recently-captured lizards to sausages made from cane toad flesh,laced with a nausea-inducing chemical(lithium chloride)to reinforce the aversion *** other trials(in a recently-published paper,reviewed herein)exposed free-ranging lizards to live juvenile cane *** effectiveness of the training was judged by how long a lizard survived in the wild before it was killed(fatally poisoned)by a cane *** stimuli elicited rapid aversion to live toads,but the CTA response did not enhance survival rates of the sausage-trained goannas after they were released into the *** contrast,the goannas exposed to live juvenile toads exhibited higher long-term survival rates than did untrained *** results suggest that although it is relatively easy to elicit short-term aversion to toad cues in goannas,a biologically realistic stimulus(live toads,encountered by free-ranging predators)is most effective at buffering these reptiles from the impact of invasive toxic prey.

关键词： conditioned taste aversion invasive species Rhinella marina Varanus conservation tropical Australia

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Fever assessment in children under five: Are we following the guidelines?

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World journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第1期13卷 62-72页

作者： Hasan M Isa Ahmed j Isa Murtadha A Alnasheet Mahmood M Mansoor Department of Pediatrics Salmaniya Medical ComplexManama 26671Bahrain Department of Pediatrics Arabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671Bahrain Department of general Surgery Salmaniya Medical ComplexManama 26671Bahrain

BACKgROUND Fever is a common cause of medical consultation and hospital admission,particularly among ***,the United Kingdom’s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence(NICE)updated its guidelines for assessing fever in children under five years of *** efficient assessment and management of children with fever are crucial for improving patient *** To evaluate fever assessment in hospitalized children and to assess its adherence with the NICE Fever in under 5s *** We conducted a retrospective cohort review of the electronic medical records of children under five years of age at the Department of Pediatrics,Salmaniya Medical Complex,Bahrain,between june and july *** data,vital signs during the first 48 h of admission,route of temperature measurement,and indications for admission were *** was defined according to the NICE *** children were divided into five groups according to their age(0-3 months,>3-6 months,>6-12 months,>12-36 months,and>36-60 months).Patients with and without fever were compared in terms of demography,indication for admission,route of temperature measurement,and other vital *** with the NICE Fever in the under 5s guideline was *** compliance was defined as>95%,partial compliance as 70%-95%,and minimal compliance as≤69%.pearson’sχ^(2),Student’s t test,the Mann-Whitney U test,and Spearman’s correlation coefficient(rs)were used for *** Of the 136 patients reviewed,80(58.8%)were *** median age at admission was 14.2[interquartile range(IQR):1.7-44.4]months,with the most common age group being 36-60 ***-six(26.4%)patients had fever,and 100(73.6%)were *** commonest age group for febrile patients(>12-36 months)was older than the commonest age group for afebrile patients(0-3 months)(P=0.027).The median weight was 8.3(IQR:4.0-13.3)*** with fever had higher weight than those without fever[10.2(IQR:7.3-13.0)vs 7

关键词： Fever Pediatrics Admission patterns Temperature measurement guidelines Bahrain

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Machine learning-guided accelerated discovery of structure-property correlations in lean magnesium alloys for biomedical applications

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journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2267-2283页

作者： Sreenivas Raguraman Maitreyee Sharma Priyadarshini Tram Nguyen Ryan Mcgovern Andrew Kim Adam j.griebel Paulette Clancy Timothy P.Weihs Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Translational Tissue Engineering Center Johns Hopkins School of Medicine400 N BroadwayBaltimore21231MDU.S.A Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Research and Development Fort Wayne Metals Research ProductsLLC9609 Ardmore AveFort Wayne46809INU.S.A Department of Mechanical Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A

Magnesium alloys are emerging as promising alternatives to traditional orthopedic implant materials thanks to their biodegradability,biocompatibility,and impressive mechanical ***,their rapid in-vivo degradation presents challenges,notably in upholding mechanical integrity over *** study investigates the impact of high-temperature thermal processing on the mechanical and degradation attributes of a lean Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn alloy,*** rapid,cost-efficient characterization methods like X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy,we swiftly examine microstructural changes post-thermal *** pearson correlation coefficient analysis,we unveil the relationship between microstructural properties and critical targets(properties):hardness and corrosion ***,leveraging the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO),we pinpoint the dominant microstructural factors among closely correlated *** findings underscore the significant role of grain size refinement in strengthening and the predominance of the ternary Ca_(2)Mg_(6)Zn_(3)phase in corrosion *** suggests that achieving an optimal blend of strength and corrosion resistance is attainable through fine grains and reduced concentration of ternary *** thorough investigation furnishes valuable insights into the intricate interplay of processing,structure,and properties in magnesium alloys,thereby advancing the development of superior biodegradable implant materials.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Machine learning Corrosion Mechanical properties Rapid characterization

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Evaluating the probability of silent circulation of polio in small populations using the silent circulation statistic

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2019年第1期4卷 239-250页

作者： Celeste Vallejo Carl A.B.pearson james Koopman Thomas j.Hladish Mathematical Biosciences Institute The Ohio State UniversityJennings Hall 3rd Floor1735 Neil Ave.ColumbusOH 43210United States Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology&Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Disease London School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineUnited Kingdom South African Centre for Epidemiological Modeling and Analysis Stellenbosch UniversitySouth Africa Very good Research&Development LLCUnited States Department of Epidemiology University of Michigan1415 Washington HeightsAnn ArborMI 48109United States Emerging Pathogens Institute University of FloridaP.O.Box 1000092055 Mowry RoadGainesvilleFL 32610United States Department of Biology University of Florida220 Bartram HallP.O.Box 118525GainesvilleFL 32611United States

As polio-endemic countries move towards elimination,infrequent first infections and incomplete surveillance make it difficult to determine when the virus has been eliminated from the *** and Dietz[American journal of Epidemiology,143,8(1996)]proposed a model to estimate the probability of silent polio circulation depending upon when the last paralytic case was *** the same kind of stochastic model they did,we additionally model waning polio immunity in the context of isolated,small,and unvaccinated *** compare using the Eichner and Dietz assumption of an initial case at the start of the simulation to a more accurate determination that observes the first *** former estimates a higher probability of silent circulation in small populations,but this effect diminishes with increasing model *** also show that stopping the simulation after a specific time estimates a lower probability of silent circulation than when all replicates are run to extinction,though this has limited impact on small *** extensions to the Eichner and Dietz work improve the basis for decisions concerning the probability of silent *** model realism will be needed for accurate silent circulation risk assessment.

关键词： Silent circulation Silent circulation statistic Polio

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弹性可持续城市——一种未来

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城市规划学刊 2014年第3期 125-126页

作者： pearson L j

城市化正以前所未有的速度推进,到2050年,3/4的全球人口将生活在城市中。今日我们驾驶的汽车,我们消费的产品,我们生活的房子以及我们使用的技术都将决定未来城市的可持续性。本书针对"全球可持续城市化"所面临的挑战,重新审视城市可持... 详细信息

城市化正以前所未有的速度推进,到2050年,3/4的全球人口将生活在城市中。今日我们驾驶的汽车,我们消费的产品,我们生活的房子以及我们使用的技术都将决定未来城市的可持续性。本书针对"全球可持续城市化"所面临的挑战,重新审视城市可持续发展概念,认为以代际公平为原则的传统可持续发展概念已经无法适应城市跨越单一

关键词：可持续城市概念思维形式可持续性发展弹性力学性能城市水体

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