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A global consistent positive effect of urban green area size on bird richness

Avian Research 2019年第3期10卷 271-284页

作者： Lucas M.Leveau Adriana Ruggiero Thomas j.matthews M.Isabel Bellocq Departamento de Ecologia Geneica y EvolucionFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos Aires-IEGEBA(CONICET-UBA) Intendente Guiraldes 2160Ciudad UniversitariaPab 2Piso 4C1428EGA Buenos AiresArgentina Laboratorio Ecotono Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche-Universidad Nacional del ComahueINIBIOMA-CONICET8400 San Carlos de BarilocheRio NegroArgentina GEES (School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences) and the Birmingham Institute of Forest ResearchThe University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TTUK Departamento de Ciencias e Engenharia do Ambiente CE3C-Centre for EcologyEvolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Acores9700-042 Angra do HeroismoAcoresPortugal

Background: Although the species-urban green area relationship (SARu) has been analyzed worldwide, the global consistency of its parameters, such as the fit and the slope of models, remains unexplored. Moreover,the SARu can be explained by 20 different models. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate which models provide a better explanation of SARus and, focusing on the power model,to evaluate the global heterogeneity in its fit and slope. Methods: We tested the performance of multiple statistical models in accounting for the way in which species richness increases with area, and examined whether variability in model form was associated with various methodological and environmental factors. Focusing on the power model, we analyzed the global heterogeneity in the fit and slope of the models through a meta-analysis. Results: Among 20 analyzed models, the linear model provided the best fit to the most datasets, was the top ranked model according to our efficiency criterion, and was the top overall ranked *** Kobayashi and power models were the second and third overall ranked models, *** number of green areas and the minimum number of species within a green area were the only significant variables explaining the variation in model form and performance, accounting for less than 10% of the variation. Based on the power model,there was a consistent overall fit (r2=0.50) and positive slope of 0.20 for the species richness increase with area ***:The good fit of the linear model to our SARu datasets contrasts with the non-linear SAR frequently found in true and non-urban habitat island systems;however, this finding may be a result of the small sample size of many SARu datasets. The overall power model slope of 0.20 suggests low levels of isolation among urban green patches, or alternatively that habitat specialist and area sensitive species have already been extirpated from urban green areas.

关键词： Birds Conservation macroecology Habitat islands Species-area relationships Species-urban green area relationship Urban parks Urbanization

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Decoding earth’s plate tectonic history using sparse geochemical data

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第1期11卷 265-276页

作者： Michael G.Tetley Zheng-Xiang Li Kara j.matthews Simon E.Williams R.Dietmar Müller EarthByte Group School of GeosciencesUniversity of SydneyNSWAustralia Seismological Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA Data61 CSIROAustralian Technology ParkNSWAustralia Earth Dynamics Research Group The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)School of Earth and Planetary SciencesCurtin University of TechnologyGPO Box U1987PerthWA 6845Australia

Accurately mapping plate boundary types and locations through time is essential for understanding the evolution of the plate-mantle system and the exchange of material between the solid Earth and surface ***,the complexity of the Earth system and the cryptic nature of the geological record make it difficult to discriminate tectonic environments through deep *** we present a new method for identifying tectonic paleo-environments on Earth through a data mining approach using global geochemical *** first fingerprint a variety of present-day tectonic environments utilising up to 136 geochemical data attributes in any available combination.A total of 38301 geochemical analyses from basalts aged from 5-0 Ma together with a well-established plate reconstruction model are used to construct a suite of discriminatory models for the first order tectonic environments of subduction and mid-ocean ridge as distinct from intraplate hotspot oceanic environments,identifying 41,35,and 39 key discriminatory geochemical attributes,*** training and validation,our model is applied to a global geochemical database of 1547 basalt samples of unknown tectonic origin aged between 1000-410 Ma,a relatively ill-constrained period of Earth’s evolution following the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent,producing 56 unique global tectonic environment predictions throughout the Neoproterozoic and Early *** are used to discriminate between three alternative published Rodinia configuration models,identifying the model demonstrating the closest spatio-temporal consistency with the basalt record,and emphasizing the importance of integrating geochemical data into plate *** approach offers an extensible framework for constructing full-plate,deeptime reconstructions capable of assimilating a broad range of geochemical and geological observations,enabling next generation Earth system models.

关键词： Plate tectonics Geochemistry Geodynamics Supercontinents Rodinia Big data

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千岛湖陆桥岛屿上木本植物物种多度分布格局研究

千岛湖陆桥岛屿上木本植物物种多度分布格局研究

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第七届浙江省生物多样性保护研讨会

作者：刘金亮何芳良 Thomas j.matthews 于明坚浙江大学生命科学学院 Department of Renewable Resources University of AlbertaEdmonton GEES(School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences)The University of Birmingham Conservation Biogeography and Macroecology Programme School of Geography and the EnvironmentUniversity of Oxford

物种多度分布(Species abundance distribution,SAD)主要描述常见种和稀有种在群落内的分布,在群落构建和生物多样性保护等方面具有很重要的应用。生境丧失和片段化是当前生物多样性面临的重要威胁,然而,关于生境片段化中物种多度分布... 详细信息

物种多度分布(Species abundance distribution,SAD)主要描述常见种和稀有种在群落内的分布,在群落构建和生物多样性保护等方面具有很重要的应用。生境丧失和片段化是当前生物多样性面临的重要威胁,然而,关于生境片段化中物种多度分布的研究仍然不足。通常,不同片段化生境斑块中物种多度分布(例如对数级数模型或对数正态模型)会受物种定殖成功率和灭绝率的影响。在本研究中,选取千岛湖陆桥岛屿中的24个岛屿为研究对象,通过调查全岛(岛屿面积≤1ha)或样带(样带面积0.5-1ha,岛屿面积>1ha)内胸径(1.3m处)大于1cm的木本植物,记录每个岛屿上每个物种的个体数。利用物种多度分布数据拟合对数级数模型和对数正态模型,以及通过拟合Gambin模型计算该模型中的α指数,该指数可以反映群落内物种多度分布的形状,α值越小,表明曲线越正偏,稀有种所占的比例越大。利用β多样性分解的方法计算随岛屿间面积差异的增加物种丢失和周转的变化。结果发现:24个岛屿中有22个岛屿上的物种多度分布可以更好地拟合对数级数模型;α值随岛屿面积的增加而降低;所有岛屿上具有相似的优势种,并且不同岛屿间物种在空间上的周转主要发生在稀有种之间;另外,随岛屿间面积差异的增大,物种数丢失增加,而物种在空间上的周转率降低。上述结果表明,岛屿面积是影响物种多度分布的主要因子,在大岛屿上物种的成功定殖和在小岛屿上稀有物种较高的灭绝率或消失率导致了物种多度分布随岛屿面积的改变。该研究结果对于片段化生境中物种多样性的保护也具有很重要的启示:物种多度分布能更好的拟合对数级数分布说明该生境中存在大量易于消失或灭绝的稀有物种,并且稀有物种在小岛屿上具有更高的消失或灭绝率,而在大岛屿上占有更高的比例。

关键词：物种多度分布片段化生境群落构建陆桥岛屿千岛湖

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Experimental and analytical investigation on friction resistance force between buried coated pressurized steel pipes and soil

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 615-629页

作者： Shaurav ALAM Tanvir MANZUR john matthews Chris BARTLETT Erez ALLOUCHE Brent KEIL john KRAFT Department of Civil Engineering and Construction Engineering Technology Louisiana Tech UniversityRustonLA 71270USA Department of Civil Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and TechnologyDhaka 1000Bangladesh Georgia Tech Research Institute AtlantaGA 30332USA Stantec Inc. Edmonton T5J0K4Canada North West Pipe Company VancouverWA 98684USA

This paper presents an analytical approach for estimating frictional resistance to pipe movement at soil and external pipe surface of buried coated pressurized steel pipes relative to the internal thrust *** proposed analytical method was developed based on 36 experiments,which involved three coating types(cement mortar(CM),polyurethane type-I(PT-I),prefabricated plastic tape(PPT))on pipes’surfaces,three different soils(pea-gravel(PG),sand(S),silty-clay(SC)),and four simulated over burden depths above the pipe’s *** showed frictional resistance decreased with increasing over burden depth above the pipe’s *** degree of frictional resistance at the pipe-soil interface was found to be in the order of PG>SC>S for all coating variations and overburden *** coated pipe buried in all three types of soil produced significantly higher frictional resistance as compared to other coating *** on experimental data,the developed analytical introduced a dimensionless factor“Z”,which included effects of types of coatings,soil,and overburden depths for simplified rapid *** showed that the method provided a better prediction of frictional resistance forces,in comparison to previous analytical methods,which were barely close in predicting friction resistance for different coating variations,soil types,and overburden *** resistance force values reported herein could be considered conservative.

关键词： friction resistance force thrust force coated pressurized steel pipe soil type overburden depth

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硬球政治是这样玩的

硬球政治是这样玩的

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2003年

作者：（美）克里思·马修斯（Christopher j.matthews）林猛吴群芳译

本书通过一个个政界人物的生动有趣的故事，讲述了政界的生存法则。

关键词：政治概况美国

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Error field penetration in j-TEXT tokamak based on two-fluid drift-MHD model

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第4期33卷 545-551页

作者：王文徐涛张仪 the j-TEXT team State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma PhysicsSchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

An externally generated resonant magnetic perturbation can induce complex non-ideal MHD responses in their resonant *** have studied the plasma responses using Fitzpatrick's improved two-fluid model and program *** calculated the error field penetration threshold for *** addition,we find that the island width increases slightly as the error field amplitude increases when the error field amplitude is below the critical penetration ***,the island width suddenly jumps to a large value because the shielding effect of the plasma against the error field disappears after the *** scanning the natural mode frequency,we find that the shielding effect of the plasma decreases as the natural mode frequency ***,we obtain the m/n=2/1 penetration threshold scaling on density and temperature.

关键词： plasma responses drift-MHD model error field penetration

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Storing Freshwater Versus Storing Electricity in Power Systems with High Freshwater Electric Demand

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journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第2期12卷 323-333页

作者： Mubarak j.Al-Mubarak Antonio j.Conejo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Electrical Engineering Kuwait UniversityP.O.Box 5969Safat 13060Kuwait Department of Integrated Systems Engineering and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA IEEE

We consider a power system whose electric demand pertaining to freshwater production is high(high freshwater electric demand),as in the Middle East,and investigate the tradeoff of storing freshwater in tanks versus storing electricity in batteries at the day-ahead operation *** storing freshwater and storing electricity increase the actual electric demand at valley hours and decrease it at peak hours,which is generally beneficial in term of cost and ***,to what extent?We analyze this question considering three power systems with different generation-mix configurations,i.e.,a thermal-dominated mix,a renewable-dominated one,and a fully renewable *** generation-mix configurations are inspired by how power systems may evolve in different countries in the Middle *** production uncertainty is compactly modeled using chance *** draw conclusions on how both storage facilities(freshwater and electricity)complement each other to render an optimal operation of the power system.

关键词： Power system operation freshwater production and transportation coordination day-ahead scheduling

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Analysis of ancient mass extinction recoveries in marine environments: generating strategies for managing outcomes of the current mass extinction

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 8-10页

作者： David j.Bottjer Department of Earth Sciences University of Southern California

The defining feature of a mass extinction and its associated recovery is the global amount of extinction that occurred[1]. However, there is finer-scale detail to the story, as seen in the ongoing modern mass extinction(the sixth mass extinction), which exhibits variable effects among marine ecosystems and environments, and hence geographic areas [1].

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Global weirding at mass extinction horizons

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 10-12页

作者： Gregory j.Retallack Department of Earth Sciences University of Oregon

A strong motivation for studying mass extinctions is understanding how current climatic and biodiversity crises will affect creatures living on land such as ourselves. Perhaps the question is: how bad can it get? In that case, terrestrial Permian-Triassic mass extinctions are an irresistible worst-case scenario [1].

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Necrotic enteritis and antibiotic-free production of broiler chickens:Challenges in testing and using alternative products

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 288-298页

作者： Robert j.Moore School of Science RMIT University

The global trend towards raising broiler chickens without the use of in-feed antibiotics(IFAs) means that there is an ongoing need to develop alternative treatments capable of delivering the benefits that IFAs previously provided. IFAs supported the productivity performance of chickens and played a key role in maintaining their health. Necrotic enteritis(NE) is an important disease of broilers that affects health,productivity, and welfare, and was previously well controlled by IFAs. However, with the reduction in IFA use, NE is resurgent in some countries. Vaccines and various feed additives, including pre-, pro-, and postbiotics, phytobiotics, fatty acids, and phage therapies have been introduced as alternative methods of NE control. While some of these feed additives have specific activity against the NE pathogen, Clostridium perfringens, most have the more general goal of reinforcing gut health. Extensive reviews of the effects of many of these feed additives on gut health have been published recently. Hence, rather than cover previously well reviewed areas of research this review focuses on the challenges and pitfalls in undertaking experimental assessment of alternative NE treatments and translating laboratory research to real world commercial production settings. The review is based on the author's particular experience,reading, thoughts, and analysis of the available information and inevitably presents a particular understanding that is likely to be at odds with others thinking on these issues. It is put forward to stimulate thinking and discussion on the issues covered.

关键词： Necrotic enteritis Clostridium perfringens Vaccines Feed additive Farm management

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