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霍菲尔德式的法律和符号学方法

法律方法

法律方法 2024年第3期 310-329页

作者： [美]j.m.巴克西刘儒(译) 得克萨斯州大学法学院 Graves DoughertyHearon&Moody 华东政法大学

传统法律符号学把法律当作一种由法律符号组成的符号体系,应用符号学的观点和方法分析法律现象,其可以与霍菲尔德的权利分析理论相互交叉,并在这个过程中结合司法实际的案例,以此来展现霍菲尔德式的法律和符号学方法的理论及其应用。这... 详细信息

传统法律符号学把法律当作一种由法律符号组成的符号体系,应用符号学的观点和方法分析法律现象,其可以与霍菲尔德的权利分析理论相互交叉,并在这个过程中结合司法实际的案例,以此来展现霍菲尔德式的法律和符号学方法的理论及其应用。这种方法将法律概念引入一定的语言系统内,注重概念之间互相的关系,这就为认识法律概念的本质提供了路径,同时为实践中分析具体案件中的法律概念——尤其是以此为基础进行法律论证时提供了多种角度和思路。虽然文章多从美国的法律和司法实践出发进行论证,但是在方法上仍然可以为我国的司法实践提供许多借鉴。

关键词：法律符号学法律概念霍菲尔德权利分析理论法律论证

miniSCIDOm: a scintillator-based tomograph for volumetric dose reconstruction of single laser-driven proton bunches

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 41-50页

作者： A.Corvino m.Reimold E.Beyreuther F.-E.Brack F.Kroll j.Pawelke j.D.Schilz m.Schneider U.Schramm m.E.P.Umlandt K.Zeil t.Ziegler j.m.tzkes-Ng Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf DresdenGermany technische Universität Dresden DresdenGermany OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav CarusTUD Dresden University of TechnologyHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–RossendorfDresdenGermany Current affiliation:Institut Curie UniversitéPSLCNRS UMR3347OrsayFrance Current affiliation:Universitätsklinikum Freiburg FreiburgGermany

Laser plasma accelerators(LPAs)enable the generation of intense and short proton bunches on a micrometre scale,thus offering new experimental capabilities to research fields such as ultra-high dose rate radiobiology or material *** spectrally broadband,laser-accelerated proton bunches allow for tailored volumetric dose deposition in a sample via single bunches to excite or probe specific sample *** rising number of such experiments indicates a need for diagnostics providing spatially resolved characterization of dose distributions with volumes of approximately 1 cm^(3) for single proton bunches to allow for fast online *** we present the scintillator-based miniSCIDOm detector for online single-bunch tomographic reconstruction of dose distributions in volumes of up to approximately 1 cm^(3).the detector achieves a spatial resolution below 500μm and a sensitivity of 100 *** detector performance is tested at a proton therapy cyclotron and an LPA proton *** experiments’primary focus is the characterization of the scintillator’s ionization quenching behaviour.

关键词： beam monitoring detectors laser-driven proton beams scintillator-based diagnostics ultra-high dose rate

黏声波方程波场模拟的通用格式自适应系数频域有限差分方法

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地球物理学报 2024年第2期67卷 654-669页

作者：徐文豪巴晶 j.m.Carcione 朱鹤松河海大学地球科学与工程学院南京211100 National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics-OGS Borgo Grotta Gigante 42/cTriesteSgonico 34010Italy

黏声波方程常被用于描述地下介质的黏弹性及波的传播现象,频域有限差分(finite difference frequency domain,FDFD)方法是黏声波和黏弹性波波场模拟的常用工具.目前FDFD黏声波模拟常用的二阶五点方法和优化九点方法在一个波长内的网格... 详细信息

黏声波方程常被用于描述地下介质的黏弹性及波的传播现象,频域有限差分(finite difference frequency domain,FDFD)方法是黏声波和黏弹性波波场模拟的常用工具.目前FDFD黏声波模拟常用的二阶五点方法和优化九点方法在一个波长内的网格点数小于4时误差较大.通过令FDFD系数随一个波长内的网格点数自适应从而提高FDFD方法的精度,本文针对黏声波波场模拟发展了一种适用于不同空间采样间隔之比的通用格式自适应系数FDFD方法.同时,为了验证自适应系数FDFD方法对一般黏声波模型的有效性,本文针对三个典型的黏声波模型,分别采用解析解和基于高阶FDFD的参考解验证了所提出方法的有效性.本方法的FDFD格式通过在传统的二阶FDFD格式的基础上引入相关校正项得到,其中校正项按网格点与中心点的距离进行分类选取,同时校正项对应的自适应FDFD系数不仅和空间采样间隔之比相关,还和一个波长内的采样点数相关.所需的自适应FDFD系数可通过声波方程的数值频散关系和查找表高效给出.数值频散分析表明,在空间采样间隔相等或不等的情况下,以相速度误差不超过1%为标准,通用格式自适应系数FDFD方法所需的一个波长内的采样点数均小于2.5.数值模拟实验表明,对于不同的空间采样间隔之比,相对于常用的二阶五点FDFD方法和优化九点FDFD方法,通用格式自适应系数FDFD方法均可在相似的计算量和内存需求下,有效提高黏声波模拟的精度.

关键词：黏声波频域有限差分自适应系数波场模拟通用格式

熊果酸改善精神分裂症小鼠脱髓鞘和脑组织间液引流紊乱

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北京大学学报（医学版） 2024年第3期56卷 487-494页

作者：龙仁毛鑫高天姿解倩谈瀚博李子寅韩鸿宾袁兰北京大学医学技术研究院医学影像技术学系北京市磁共振成像设备与技术重点实验室北京100191 北京大学第三医院放射科北京100191

目的:探讨精神分裂症(schizophrenia,SZ)的髓鞘和脑组织间液(interstitial fluid,ISF)相关发病机制,探究熊果酸(ursolic acid,UA)对SZ中髓鞘损伤及其继发的ISF异常引流的治疗效果。方法:使用30只6~8周雌性C57BL/6j小鼠,体质量(20±2)g,随机分为UA治疗组、SZ模型组、对照组3组,每组10只:(1)对照组:腹腔注射(intraperitoneal injection,ip)生理盐水,灌胃(intragastric,ig)给予1%(质量分数)羧甲基纤维素钠(carboxymethylcellulose sodium,CmC-Na);(2)SZ模型组:ip给与2 mg/kg的地卓西平(dizocilpine maleate,mK-801),ig给与1%(质量分数)CmC-Na;(3)UA治疗组:ig给与25 mg/kg的UA,ip给与2 mg/kg的mK-801。治疗组先ig给药UA预治疗一周,然后对3组小鼠进行为期两周的药物干预。在造模完成后依次通过旷场测试和前脉冲抑制实验对小鼠进行行为学评价。行为测试后,通过向脑区注射荧光示踪剂来探究各组ISF分区引流的改变;通过免疫荧光探究各组脑内水通道蛋白4(aquaporin 4,AQP4)极性分布的改变以及蛋白表达的变化;通过激光共聚焦显微镜(laser scanning confocal microscope,LSCm)髓鞘反射光成像研究鼠脑内髓鞘的变化。采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)对计量数据进行组间比较,使用tukeyHSD进行组间两两比较。结果:旷场测试发现,模型组在旷场中运动的总路程[(7949.39±1140.55)cm vs.(2831.01±1212.72)cm,Pm vs.(7949.39±1140.55)cm,Pmm 2 vs.(2.79±0.94)mm 2,Pmm 2 vs.(0.05±0.12)mm 2,Pmm 2 vs.(13.93±3.35)mm 2,Pmm 2 vs.(2.48±0.38)mm 2,Pm 2 vs.(13354.92±4054.05)μm 2,Pm 2 vs.(3663.88±733.77)μm 2,P<0.001]。结论:一定剂量的UA干预可以改善SZ小鼠的行为学表现,这种改善表现为运动亢进和焦虑症状得到缓解,感觉运动门控功能得到恢复;其机制可能是通过改善SZ小鼠的脱髓鞘病理改变及ISF分区引流紊乱。

关键词：精神分裂症脑组织间液脱髓鞘熊果酸

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Laser processing effects on ti−45Nb alloy surface,corrosive and biocompatible properties

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transactions of Nonferrous metals Society of China 2024年第8期34卷 2533-2551页

作者： I.CVIjOVIĆ-ALAGIĆ S.LAKEtIĆ m.mOmČILOVIĆ j.CIGANOVIĆ Đ.VELjOVIĆ j.BAjAt V.KOjIĆ m.RAKIN Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia University of BelgradeP.O.Box 52211001 BelgradeSerbia Faculty of technology and metallurgy University of BelgradeKarnegijeva 411120 BelgradeSerbia Oncology Institute of Vojvodina Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Novi SadPut Dr Goldmana 421204 Sremska KamenicaSerbia

the ti−45Nb(wt.%)alloy properties were investigated in relation to its potential biomedical *** surface modification was utilized to improve its performance in biological *** a result of the laser treatment,(ti,Nb)O scale was formed and various morphological features appeared on the alloy *** electrochemical behavior of ti−45Nb alloy in simulated body conditions was evaluated and showed that the alloy was highly resistant to corrosion deterioration regardless of additional laser surface modification ***,the improved corrosion resistance after laser treatment was evident(the corrosion current density of the alloy before laser irradiation was 2.84×10^(−8)A/cm^(2),while that after laser treatment with 5 mj was 0.65×10^(−8)A/cm^(2))and ascribed to the rapid formation of a complex and passivating bi-modal surface oxide *** cytotoxicity and effects of the ti−45Nb alloy laser surface modification on the mRC-5 cell viability,morphology,and proliferation were also *** ti−45Nb alloy showed no cytotoxic ***,cells showed improved viability and adherence to the alloy surface after the laser irradiation *** highest average cell viability of 115.37%was attained for the alloy laser-irradiated with 15 *** showed that the laser surface modification can be successfully utilized to significantly improve alloy performance in a biological environment.

关键词： ti−45Nb alloy laser surface scanning electrochemical properties biocompatibility cell morphology

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Supposition of graphene stacks to estimate the contact resistance and conductivity of nanocomposites

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第4期45卷 663-676页

作者： Y.ZARE m.t.mUNIR G.j.WENG K.Y.RHEE Biomaterials and tissue Engineering Research Group Department of Interdisciplinary TechnologiesBreast Cancer Research CenterMotamed Cancer InstituteTehran ***Iran College of Engineering and technology American University of the Middle EastEgaila 54200Kuwait Department of mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJ 08903U.S.A. Department of mechanical Engineering(BK21 Four) College of EngineeringKyung Hee UniversityYongin 446701Republic of Korea

In this study,the effects of stacked nanosheets and the surrounding interphase zone on the resistance of the contact region between nanosheets and the tunneling conductivity of samples are evaluated with developed equations superior to those previously *** contact resistance and nanocomposite conductivity are modeled by several influencing factors,including stack properties,interphase depth,tunneling size,and contact *** developed model's accuracy is verified through numerous experimental *** further validate the models and establish correlations between parameters,the effects of all the variables on contact resistance and nanocomposite conductivity are ***,the contact resistance is primarily dependent on the polymer tunnel resistivity,contact area,and tunneling *** dimensions of the graphene nanosheets significantly influence the conductivity,which ranges from 0 S/m to90 S/*** increased number of nanosheets in stacks and a larger gap between them enhance the nanocomposite's ***,the thicker interphase and smaller tunneling size can lead to higher sample conductivity due to their optimistic effects on the percolation threshold and network efficacy.

关键词： graphene polymer composite stacked nanosheet tunneling conductivity contact resistance interphase

Development,validation,and transportability of several machine-learned,non-exercise-based VO_(2max)prediction models for older adults

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 611-620页

作者： Benj.m.n t.Schumacher michael j.Lamonte Andrea Z.LaCroix Eleanor m.Simonsick Steven P.Hooker Humberto Parada jr. john Bellettiere Arun Kumar Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health School of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNY 14214USA translational Gerontology Branch Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMD 21225USA College of Health and Human Services San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92182USA Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92182USA University of California San Diego moores Cancer Center La JollaCA 92093USA Computer Science and Engineering and Halicioglu Data Science Institute University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

Background:there exist few maximal oxygen uptake(VO_(2max))non-exercise-based prediction equations,fewer using machine learning(mL),and none specifically for older *** direct measurement of VO_(2max)is infeasible in large epidemiologic cohort studies,we sought to develop,validate,compare,and assess the transportability of several mL VO_(2max)prediction ***:the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging(BLSA)participants with valid VO2_(max)tests were included(n=1080).Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,linear-and tree-boosted extreme gradient boosting,random forest,and support vector machine(SVm)algorithms were trained to predict VO_(2max)*** developed these algorithms for:(a)the overall BLSA,(b)by sex,(c)using all BLSA variables,and(d)variables common in aging ***,we quantified the associations between measured and predicted VO_(2max)and ***:the age was 69.0±10.4 years(mean±SD)and the measured VO_(2max)was 21.6±5.9 mL/kg/*** absolute shrinkage and selection operator,linear-and tree-boosted extreme gradient boosting,random forest,and support vector machine yielded root mean squared errors of 3.4 mL/kg/min,3.6 mL/kg/min,3.4 mL/kg/min,3.6 mL/kg/min,and 3.5 mL/kg/min,*** quartiles of measured VO_(2max)showed an inverse gradient in mortality *** VO_(2max)variables yielded similar effect estimates but were not robust to ***:measured VO_(2max)is a strong predictor of *** mL can improve the accuracy of prediction as compared to simpler approaches but estimates of association with mortality remain sensitive to *** studies should seek to reproduce these results so that VO_(2max),an important vital sign,can be more broadly studied as a modifiable target for promoting functional resiliency and healthy aging.

关键词： Cardiorespiratory fitness Prediction algorithms Epidemiology mortality

SmILE soft X-ray Imager flight model CCD370 pre-flight device characterisation

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 25-38页

作者： S.Parsons D.j.Hall O.Hetherington t.W.Buggey t.Arnold m.W.j.Hubbard A.Holland Centre for Electronic Imaging the Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK

throughout the SmILE mission the satellite will be bombarded by radiation which gradually damages the focal plane devices and degrades their *** order to understand the changes of the CCD370s within the soft X-ray Imager,an initial characterisation of the devices has been carried out to give a baseline performance *** CCDs have been characterised,the two flight devices and the flight spa *** has been carried out at the Open University in a bespo ke cleanroom measure ment *** results show that there is a cluster of bright pixels in the flight spa re which increases in size with tempe *** at the nominal ope rating tempe rature(-120℃) it is within the procure ment ***,the devices meet the specifications when ope rating at -120℃ in 6 × 6 binned frame transfer science *** se rial charge transfer inefficiency degrades with temperature in full frame *** any charge losses are recovered when binning/frame transfer is implemented.

关键词： CCD soft X-ray imager characterisation SmILE

渤海湾盆地干热岩开发利用前景评估——基于开采优化数值模拟的认识

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煤田地质与勘探 2024年第1期52卷 93-103页

作者：江晓雪朱传庆丁蕊谢芳邱楠生中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院北京102249 油气资源与工程全国重点实验室中国石油大学(北京)北京102249

渤海湾盆地的大地热流高,5000 m埋深地层平均温度为175℃,热储岩性以低孔低渗的变质岩、火成岩为主,具备形成干热岩资源的条件。基于大地热流、岩石热导率、生热率等热参数,利用COmSOL软件建立三维水热耦合的干热岩开采模型、分析不同... 详细信息

渤海湾盆地的大地热流高,5000 m埋深地层平均温度为175℃,热储岩性以低孔低渗的变质岩、火成岩为主,具备形成干热岩资源的条件。基于大地热流、岩石热导率、生热率等热参数,利用COmSOL软件建立三维水热耦合的干热岩开采模型、分析不同井间距、注采速率、布井方式等差异开采方案下在100 a内对热储层温度的影响随开发时间的变化,选取最优方案并估算干热岩资源。结果表明:注采速率一定时,随着开采时间的增加,开采井水温度下降速率与井间距成反比;当注采井间距一定时,注采速率越大,开采井水温度下降越快,发生“热突破”的时间越早;其他条件相同的情况下,“两采两注”布井方案比“一采一注”布井方案获得的热量更多,开采效率更高。基于上述认识,确定研究区最优开采方案为:年限50 a、井间距400 m、注采量90 m^(3)/h、“两采两注”方式。此方案下,可获得开采井水平均温度为172℃,对应全渤海湾盆地可采资源量为3.28×10^(19)j/a。以河北任丘市为例,按照民用住宅热负荷指标100 W/m^(2)计算,利用最优方案进行干热岩的开采,仅需157.75 km^(2)干热岩有利区即可满足全市居民供暖需求。因此,开发利用研究区干热岩资源,可增强华北地区能源供应保障能力,打造可持续发展的绿色低碳能源体系。

关键词：干热岩数值模拟有利区圈定开发方案优化地热资源估算渤海湾盆地