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Feasibility of achieving net-zero energy performance in high-rise buildings using solar energy

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Energy and Built Environment 2024年第6期5卷 946-956页

作者： Mehrdad Shirinbakhsh l.D.Danny Harvey University of Toronto 100St.George StreetTorontoONM5S 3G3Canada

As part of a broad strategy to reach net-zero greenhouse gas emissions and limit global warming,many countries are requiring all new buildings to have net-zero energy *** requires that on-site energy use not exceed on-site generation of renewable energy(taken here to be solar energy),or equivalently,that the building Energy Use Intensity(EUI,kWh/m^(2)a)not exceed the supply of on-site solar energy(electricity and heat)per m^(2)of floor area per *** this basis,we find that achieving net-zero energy performance in an archetype 40-story square building in 16 different cities of North America requires EUI of 17–24 kWh/m^(2)a using PV panels,and 19–28 kWh/m^(2)a using PVT *** building orientation to a non-square floor shape can improve maximum permitted EUI by up to 50%in PV and 60%in PVT ***,the best-performing residential and commercial buildings have EUIs of 50–75 kWh/m^(2)*** if building heights are limited to 5–10 floors does the available solar energy,and thus the permitted EUI,reach 50–75 kWh/m^(2)***,we recommend that policymakers not require high-rise buildings to be net-zero energy,unless they are prepared to limit building heights to 5–10 floors.

关键词： High-rise net-zero energy buildings Building geometry Building height Solar NZEB

Multi-criteria decision-making method for evaluation of investment in enhanced geothermal systems projects

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Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 143-167页

作者： Sara Raos josipa Hranić Ivan Rajšl University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Unska 310000 ZagrebCroatia GE Vernova 58 Charles StreetCambridgeMassachusettsUSA

Deep geothermal energy presents large untapped renewable energy potential could significantly contribute to global energy needs. However, developing geothermal projects involves uncertainties regarding adequate geothermal brine extraction and huge costs related to preparation phases and consequently drilling and stimulation activities. Therefore, evaluating utilization alternatives of such projects is a complex decision-making problem effectively addressed using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. This study introduces the MCDM method utilizing analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and weighted decision matrix (WDM) to assess different utilization alternatives (electricity generation, direct heat use and cogeneration). The AHP method determines the weight of each criterion and sub-criterion, while the WDM calculates the final project grade. Five criteria groups - technological, geological, economic, societal and environmental – comprising twenty-eight influencing factors were selected and used for the assessment of investment in Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) projects. The AHP-WDM method was used by 38 experts from six categories: industry, educational institution, research and technology organization (RTO), small- and medium-sized enterprises (SME), local community and other. These diverse expert inputs aimed to capture varying perspectives and knowledge influence investment decisions in geothermal energy. The results were analysed accordingly. The results underscore the importance of incorporating different viewpoints to develop robust, credible, and effective investment strategies for EGS projects. Therefore, this method will contribute to more efficient EGS project development, enabling thus a greater penetration of the EGS into the market. Additionally, the proposed AHP-WDM method was implemented for a case study examining two locations. locations were assessed and compared on scenario-based evaluation. The results confirmed the method's adequacy for a

关键词： Deep geothermal energy Enhanced geothermal systems(EGS) Multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)method Analytic hierarchy process(AHP) Weighted decision matrix(WDM)

Two-Stream Approximation to the Radiative Transfer Equation:A New Improvement and Comparative Accuracy with Existing Methods

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 278-292页

作者： F.Momo TEMGOUA l.Akana NGUIMDO DNjOMO Environmental Energy Technologies laboratory(EETl) Faculty of SciencesUniversity of YaoundéPO Box 812 YaoundéCameroon Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of BueaPO Box 63 BueaCameroon

Mathematical modeling of the interaction between solar radiation and the Earth's atmosphere is formalized by the radiative transfer equation(RTE), whose resolution calls for two-stream approximations among other methods. This paper proposes a new two-stream approximation of the RTE with the development of the phase function and the intensity into a third-order series of legendre polynomials. This new approach, which adds one more term in the expression of the intensity and the phase function, allows in the conditions of a plane parallel atmosphere a new mathematical formulation of γparameters. It is then compared to the Eddington, Hemispheric Constant, Quadrature, Combined Delta Function and Modified Eddington, and second-order approximation methods with reference to the Discrete Ordinate(Disort) method(δ –128 streams), considered as the most precise. This work also determines the conversion function of the proposed New Method using the fundamental definition of two-stream approximation(F-TSA) developed in a previous work. Notably,New Method has generally better precision compared to the second-order approximation and Hemispheric Constant methods. Compared to the Quadrature and Eddington methods, New Method shows very good precision for wide domains of the zenith angle μ 0, but tends to deviate from the Disort method with the zenith angle, especially for high values of optical thickness. In spite of this divergence in reflectance for high values of optical thickness, very strong correlation with the Disort method(R ≈ 1) was obtained for most cases of optical thickness in this study. An analysis of the legendre polynomial series for simple functions shows that the high precision is due to the fact that the approximated functions ameliorate the accuracy when the order of approximation increases, although it has been proven that there is a limit order depending on the function from which the precision is lost. This observation indicates that increasing the order of app

关键词： Radiative Transfer Equation two-stream method legendre polynomial optical thickness moments of specific intensity conversion function transmittance reflectance

Improved Reall-Santos method for AdS black holes in general 4-derivative gravities

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第8期67卷 74-86页

作者： Peng-ju Hu liang Ma Hong lü Yi Pang Center for joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics School of ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin UniversityFuzhou 350207China Peng Huanwu Center for Fundamental Theory Hefei 230026China

For asymptotically flat black holes,Reall-Santos method is a convenient tool to compute leading higher derivative corrections to the thermodynamic quantities without actually solving the modified field ***,there are subtleties in its generalization to asymptotically AdS black holes with general higher derivative *** of all,it is necessary to know all the higher derivative holographic counterterms and the surface terms implementing the variational principle and subtracting the *** then needs to solve for the modified AdS radius and rescale the time coordinate in an appropriate way such that the induced metric on the conformal boundary of AdS black hole is not *** observe that Reall-Santos method can be directly applied to a particular 4-derivative gravity model,known as the Einstein-Weyl gravity,which does not modify the AdS radius and requires only the Gibbons-Hawking-York term and holographic counterterms for the 2-derivative *** thus suggest that to compute the thermodynamic quantities of AdS black holes in general 4-derivative theories of gravity,one simply needs to transform it to a Einstein-Weyl gravity with identical thermodynamic variables by appropriate field *** explicitly verify this proposal with spherically-symmetric and static charged black holes in Einstein-Maxwell theory extended with generic 4-derivative interactions.

关键词： black holes thermodynamics higher-derivative corrections effective theories higher dimensional black holes quantum gravity

Fusion and one-neutron stripping process for ^(6)li+^(94)Zr system around the Coulomb Barrier

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第9期48卷 133-141页

作者： Xuedou Su Guangxin Zhang Shipeng Hu Peiwei Wen H.O.Soler Gaolong Zhang Boshuai Cai Cenxi Yuan j.l.Ferreira Zhenwei jiao Mingli Wang Xiaoyu Wang Zhen Huang Huanqiao Zhang Chunlei Zhang Xiaoguang Wu Yun Zheng Congbo li Tianxiao liand j.lubian School of Physics Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Institute for Advanced Study in Nuclear Energy&Safety Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Shenzhen Key laboratory of Research and Manufacture of High Purity Germanium Materials and Fetectors Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413China Instituto de Física Universidade Federal FluminenseNiterói 24210-340Rio de JaneiroBrazil State Key laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection School of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China The Key laboratory of Beam Technology and Material Modification of Ministry of Education College of Nuclear Science and TechnologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

The complete and incomplete fusion cross section as well as one-neutron stripping process of ^(6)li+^(94)Zr system were measured at the energies around the Coulomb barrier by onlineγ-ray *** addition to a 30%suppression factor when compared with the measured total fusion process,the complete fusion cross section in ^(6)li+^(94)Zr system was observed to be significantly lower than those in the nearby ^(6)li+^(90,96)Zr *** new experimental result implies that the coupling with breakup channel in the ^(6)li-induced fusion processes can be affected by the inner structure of the target,which is still not clear in any available model *** the one-neutron stripping process,the direct production cross sections for each level in 95Zr were extracted and compared with the coupled reaction channel calculation,offering a unique opportunity to examine the single-particle nature of the produced excited *** the fact that an overall overestimation of the production cross section for 954-keV and1618-keV levels was observed in the comparison,further investigation is highly demanded in order to understand the full reaction mechanism for the one-neutron stripping process induced by ^(6)li.

关键词： weakly bound nuclei complete fusion incomplete fusion transfer reaction

A multi-shot target wheel assembly for high-repetition-rate, laser-driven proton acceleration

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High Power laser Science and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 87-94页

作者： j.Penas A.Bembibre D.Cortina-Gil l.Martin A.Reija C.Ruiz M.Seimetz A.Alejo j.Benlliure Instituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Enerxias Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain laboratorio laser de Aceleracion y Aplicaciones RIAIDTUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain Instituto Universitario de Física Fundamental y Matematicas y Dpto.de Didactica de la Matematica y de las Ciencias Experimentales Universidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular(I3M) CSIC-Universitat Politecnica de ValenciaValenciaSpain

A multi-shot target assembly and automatic alignment procedure for laser–plasma proton acceleration at high repetition rate are *** assembly is based on a multi-target rotating wheel capable of hosting more than 5000 targets,mounted on a 3D motorized stage to allow rapid replenishment and alignment of the target material between laser *** automatic alignment procedure consists of a detailed mapping of the impact positions at the target surface prior to the irradiation that ensures stable operation of the target,which alongside the purpose-built design of the target wheel,enables operation at rates up to 10 *** and continuous laser-driven proton acceleration at 10 Hz is demonstrated,with observed cut-off energy stability about 15%.

关键词： high repetition rate laser-plasma acceleration multi-shot operation proton source target assembly

Zassenhaus lemma,Schreier Refinement Theorem,and jordan–Hölder Theorem for Gyrogroups

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Algebra Colloquium 2024年第2期31卷 323-332页

作者： Prathomjit Khachorncharoenkul Rasimate Maungchang Teerapong Suksumran l.A.Bokut School of Science Walailak UniversityNakhon Si Thammarat 80160Thailand Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200Thailand 不详

In this article,we extend the Zassenhaus lemma(also called the butterfly lemma)and the Schreier refinement theorem to the case of *** addition,we use these results to prove the jordan–Hölder theorem for gyrogroups as... 详细信息

关键词： Zassenhaus lemma Schreier refinement theoremg yrogroup subgyrogroup diagram normal subgyrogroup

COVID-19 vaccination produces exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells regardless of infection history

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 99-107页

作者： Kyle A.Smith Tiffany M.Zúñiga Forrest l.Baker Helena Batatinha Charles R.Pedlar Shane C.Burgess Michael P.Gustafson Emmanuel Katsanis Richard j.Simpson School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Department of Pediatrics The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Faculty of Sport Allied Health and Performance ScienceSt.Mary's UniversityTwickenham TW14SXUK Institute of Sport Exercise and Health University College LondonLondon WC1E 7HUUK Department of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA The University of Arizona Cancer Center The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85719USA laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic ArizonaPhoenixAZ 85054USA Department of Immunobiology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Department of Medicine The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Department of Pathology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA

Background:The mobilization and redistribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)during exercise is purported to increase immune surveillance and protect against severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).We sought to determine if COVID-19 vaccination would elicit exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 T-cells and transiently alter nAb ***:Eighteen healthy participants completed a 20-min bout of graded cycling exercise before and/or after receiving a COVID-19 *** major leukocyte subtypes were enumerated before,during,and after exercise by flow cytometry,and immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 were determined using whole blood peptide stimulation assays,T-cell receptor(TCR)-βsequencing,and SARS-CoV-2 nAb ***:COVID-19 vaccination had no effect on the mobilization or egress of major leukocyte subsets in response to intensity-controlled graded ***,non-infected participants had a significantly reduced mobilization of CD4+and CD8+naive T-cells,as well as CD4+central memory T-cells,after vaccination(synthetic immunity group);this was not seen after vaccination in those with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection(hybrid immunity group).Acute exercise after vaccination robustly mobilized SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells to blood in an intensity-dependent *** groups mobilized T-cells that reacted to spike protein;however,only the hybrid immunity group mobilized T-cells that reacted to membrane and nucleocapsid *** increased significantly during exercise only in the hybrid immunity ***:These data indicate that acute exercise mobilizes SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells that recognize spike protein and increases the redistribution of nAbs in individuals with hybrid immunity.

关键词： Anti-viral COVID-19 Exercise immunology SARS-CoV-2 T-Cells Vaccine

Simultaneous removal of critical rare earth elements and chalcogen oxyanions by anaerobic granular sludge

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Rare Metals 2024年第9期43卷 4595-4611页

作者： Chiara Belloni Mohanakrishnan logan Stefano Papirio Piet N.l.lens University of Galway Galway H91 TK33Ireland Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Naples Federico II80125 NaplesItaly

Conventional mining of economically and strategically important critical rare earth elements(REEs)(such as neodymium,lanthanum and dysprosium),and chalcogens(such as selenium and tellurium)are associated with a huge economic and environmental ***,the need to recover REEs as well as chalcogens from different waste streams including wastewaters is becoming *** assays on synthetic chalcogen/REE-laden wastewater showed that the presence of REEs significantly improved the tellurite removal rate(>80%)and enhanced selenate removal by 66%±10%.Three 3.9 l continuous upflow anaerobic granular sludge bed(UASB)reactors were operated at a hydraulic retention time of 24 h and30℃.Selenate reduction was achieved with a removal efficiency of~98%with an influent p H of 4.0 for more than 28 *** effect of REEs on tellurite removal in the UASB bioreactor could not be clearly established since a soluble tellurium removal efficiency of more than 98%was observed already before the addition of REEs at elevated tellurite *** complete REE removal in both batch assays and UASB reactors at higher pH(7.0±0.5)was attributed to precipitation,whereas chalcogen oxyanions removal was due to microbial ***,at acidic p H,biosorption was responsible for REE's removal,and the Se-enriched sludge exhibited a superior REE's removal efficiency than the non-enriched and Te-enriched sludge.

关键词： Rare earth elements Selenium Tellurium Bioreduction Adsorption