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拉丁美洲研究 1992年第3期 51-51页

作者： Howard j.Wiarda Harvey F.kline Westview Press 辛颖

本书由24位拉美学专家、学者集体撰写。主编为 F·维亚尔达和哈维·F·克兰教授。1990年的第3版对原书作了充分地修改和增补。书中反映近5年拉美政治经济发展情况,探讨了拉美民主化的方向,债务危机、政治不稳定和国际毒品贸

关键词：政治美国美利坚合众国北美洲

Concordance among indices of intrinsic brain function： Insights from inter-individual variation and temporal dynamics

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Science Bulletin 2017年第23期62卷 1572-1584页

作者： Chao-Gan Yan Zhen Yang Stanley j. Colcombe Xi-Nian Zuo Michael P. Milham CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science Institute of Psychology Beijing 100101 China Departrnent of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China center for Lifespan Innovation of Mind and Brain Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Nathan kline Institute for Psychiatric Research Orangeburg NY 10962 USA Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry NYU Langone Medical Center School of Medicine New York NY 10016 USA Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress Department of Psychiatry Perelman School of Medidne University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Child Mind Institute New York NY 10022 USA

Various resting-state fMRI(R-fMRI) measures have been developed to characterize intrinsic brain activity. While each of these measures has gained a growing presence in the literature, questions remain regarding the common and unique aspects these indices capture. The present work provided a comprehensive examination of inter-individual variation and intra-individual temporal variation for commonly used measures, including fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations, regional homogeneity,voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity, network centrality and global signal correlation. Regardless of whether examining intra-individual or inter-individual variation, we found that these definitionally distinct R-fMRI indices tend to exhibit a relatively high degree of covariation, which doesn't exist in phase randomized surrogate data. As a measure of intrinsic brain function, concordance for R-fMRI indices was negatively correlated with age across individuals(i.e., concordance among functional indices decreased with age). To understand the functional significance of concordance, we noted that higher concordance was generally associated with higher strengths of R-fMRI indices, regardless of whether looking through the lens of inter-individual(i.e., high vs. low concordance participants) or intra-individual(i.e., high *** concordance states identified via temporal dynamic analyses) differences. We also noted a linear increase in functional concordance together with the R-fMRI indices through the scan, which may suggest a decrease in arousal. The current study demonstrated an enriched picture regarding the relationship among the R-fMRI indices, as well as provided new insights in examining dynamic states within and between individuals.

关键词： Resting-state fMRI Intrinsic brain activity Concordance Temporal dynamics Inter-individual variation

Triterpenoid inducers of Nrf2 signaling as potential therapeutic agents in sickle cell disease： a review

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Frontiers of Medicine 2015年第1期9卷 46-56页

作者： Amma Owusu-Ansah Sung Hee Choi Agne Petrosiute john j. Letterio Alex Yee-Chen Huang Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Department of Pediatrics Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH 44106 USA The Angie Fowler Adolescent & Young Adult Cancer Institute at University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children 's Hospital Cleveland OH 44106 USA

Sickle cell disease （SCD） is an inherited disorder of hemoglobin in which the abnormal hemoglobin S polymerizes when deoxygenated. This polymerization of hemoglobin S not only results in hemolysis and vaso- occlusion but also precipitates inflammation, oxidative stress and chronic organ dysfunction. Oxidative stress is increasingly recognized as an important intermediate in these pathophysiological processes and is therefore an important target for therapeutic intervention. The transcription factor nuclear erythroid derived- 2 related factor 2 （Nrf2） controls the expression of anti-oxidant enzymes and is emerging as a protein whose function can be exploited with therapeutic intent. This review article is focused on triterpenoids that activate Nrf2, and their potential for reducing oxidative stress in SCD as an approach to prevent organ dysfunction associated with this disease. A brief overview of oxidative stress in the clinical context of SCD is accompanied by a discussion of several pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to oxidative stress. Finally, these mechanisms are then related to current management strategies in SCD that are either utilized currently or under evaluation. The article concludes with a perspective on the potential of the various therapeutic interventions to reduce oxidative stress and morbidity associated with SCD.

关键词： oxidative stress Nrf2 triterpenoids sickle cell disease vaso-occlusion CDDO-Me

Mental health status in veterans residing in rural versus non-rural areas: results from the veterans’ health study

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Military Medical Research 2021年第1期8卷 79-89页

作者： joseph j.Boscarino Charles R.Figley Richard E.Adams Thomas G.Urosevich H.Lester Kirchner joseph A.Boscarino Clinical Psychology Department William James CollegeNewtonMA 02459USA School of Social Work Tulane UniversityNew OrleansLA 70112USA Department of Sociology Kent State UniversityKentOH 44242USA Ophthalmology Service Geisinger ClinicMount PoconoPA 18344USA Department of Population Health Sciences Geisinger Clinic100 N.Academy Avenue44-00DanvillePA 17822USA

Background: The majority of Veterans Affair(VA) hospitals are in urban areas. We examined whether veterans residing in rural areas have lower mental health service use and poorer mental health ***: Veterans with at least 1 warzone deployment in central and northeastern Pennsylvania were randomly selected for an interview. Mental health status, including posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD), major depression, alcohol abuse and mental health global severity, were assessed using structured interviews. Psychiatric service use was based on self-reported utilization in the past 12 months. Results were compared between veterans residing in rural and non-rural areas. Data were also analyzed using multivariate logistic regression to minimize the influence by confounding ***: A total of 1730 subjects(55% of the eligible veterans) responded to the survey and 1692 of them had complete geocode information. Those that did not have this information(n=38), were excluded from some analyses. Veterans residing in rural areas were older, more often of the white race, married, and experienced fewer stressful events. In comparison to those residing in non-rural areas, veterans residing in rural areas had lower global mental health severity scores;they also had fewer mental health visits. In multivariate logistic regression, rural residence was associated with lower service use, but not with PTSD, major depression, alcohol abuse, and global mental health severity score after adjusting confounding factors(e.g., age, gender, marital status and education).Conclusions: Rural residence is associated with lower mental health service use, but not with poor mental health in veterans with former warzone deployment, suggesting rural residence is possibly protective.

关键词： Veterans Rural Risk factors PTSD Alcohol abuse Depression Service use Census data

Systematic Selection of Green Solvents for Organic Reacting Systems

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Chinese journal of Chemical Engineering 2008年第3期16卷 376-383页

作者： Milica Folic Rafiqul Gani Concepcion jimenez-Gonzalez David j. C. Constable CAPEC Department of Chemical En gineefing Technical University of Denmark Dk-2800 Lyngby Denmark GlaxoSmith-kline CEHS 5 Moore Drive Research Triangle Park NC 27709 USA GlaxoSmith-kline CEHS 1 Franklin Plaza Philadelphia PA 19406 USA

The solvent selection methodology developed earlier by. Gani （tal. （Comp. Chem. Eng., 2005）has been extended to handle multi-step reaction systems. The solvent selection problem was formulated based on the methodology guidelines, and solved using ICAS software tool. A list with solvent candidates is generated so that it can be further investigated experimentally. Comments and clarifications from chemists have been incorporated into the problem forrnulations to clarify the role of the solvents in the chemistry and potential reactivity issues. Highly promising results were obtained, in accordance with. industrial process data.

关键词： pharmaceutical synthesis green chemistry green engineering solvent selection computer-aided molecular design

lucinactant,colfosceril palmitate和beractant对预防过早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征的多中心随机双盲对照试验

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2006年第11期2卷 44-45页

作者： Moya F.R. Gadzinowski j. Bancalari E. 王经纬 Department of Pediatrics University of Texas Health Science Center 6431 Fannin StHoustonTX77030United States Dr.

Background and Objective. Evidence suggests that synthetic surfactants consisting solely of phospholipids can be improved through the addition of peptides, such as sinapultide, that mimic the action of human surfactant protein-B (SP-B). A synthetic surfactant containing a mimic of SP-B may also reduce the potential risks associated with the use of animal-derived products. Our objective was to compare the efficacy and safety of a novel synthetic surfactant containing a functional SP-B mimic (lucinactant; Discovery Laboratories, Doylestown, PA) with those of a non-protein-containing synthetic surfactant (colfosceril palmitate; Glaxo Smith kline, Brentford, United Kingdom) and a bovine-derived surfactant (beractant; Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL) in the prevention of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and RDS-related death. Methods. We assigned randomly (double-masked) 1294 very preterm infants, weighing 600 to 1250 g and of ≤32 weeks gestational age, to receive colfosceril palmitate (n=509), lucinactant (n=527), or beractant (n=258) within 20 to 30 minutes after birth. Primary outcome measures were the rates of RDS at 24 hours and the rates of death related to RDS during the first 14 days after birth. All-cause mortality rates, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) rates, and rates of other complications of prematurity were prespecified secondary outcomes. Primary outcomes, air leaks, and causes of death were assigned by an independent, masked, adjudication committee with prespecified definitions. The study was monitored by an independent data safety monitoring board. Results. Lucinactant reduced significantly the incidence of RDS at 24 hours,compared with colfosceril (39.1%vs 47.2%; odds ratio [OR]: 0.68; 95%confidence interval [CI]: 0.52-0.89). There was no significant difference in comparison with beractant (33.3%). However, lucinactant reduced significantly RDS-related mortality rates by 14 days of life, compared with both colfosceril (4.7%vs 9.4%; OR:

关键词： beractant 表面活性物质出生后类似物合成性 itate 全因死亡率非蛋白潜在危险性

Charting brain growth in tandem with brain templates at school age

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Science Bulletin 2020年第22期65卷 1924-1934,M0004页

作者： Hao-Ming Dong F.Xavier Castellanos Ning Yang Zhe Zhang Quan Zhou Ye He Lei Zhang Ting Xu Avram j.Holmes B.T.Thomas Yeo Feiyan Chen Bin Wang Christian Beckmann Tonya White Olaf Sporns jiang Qiu Tingyong Feng Antao Chen Xun Liu Xu Chen Xuchu Weng Michael P.Milham Xi-Nian Zuo Research Center for Lifespan Development of Brain and Mind Institute of PsychologyChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry New York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY 10016USA Nathan kline Institute for Psychiatric Research OrangeburgNew YorkNY 10962USA Department of Psychology University of CASBeijing 100049China Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Indiana UniversityBloomingtonIN 47405USA Child Mind Institute New YorkNY 10022USA Department of Psychology Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06511USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clinical Imaging Research CentreN.1 Institute for Health and Memory Networks ProgramNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117574Singapore Department of Physics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Binzhou Medical University Yantai 264100China Donders Institute Radboud University Medical CentreNijmegen 6525 ENNetherlands Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Erasmus UniversityRotterdam 3000 CBNetherlands Department of Radiology Erasmus University Medical CentreRotterdam 3000 CANetherlands School of Psychology Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510631China Institute of Children Health Changzhou Children’s HospitalChangzhou 213003China Key Laboratory of Brain and Education School of Education ScienceNanning Normal UniversityNanning 530001China CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science Institute of PsychologyBeijing 100101China IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Brain growth charts and age-normed brain templates are essential resources for researchers to eventually contribute to the care of individuals with atypical developmental *** present work generates age-normed brain templates for children and adolescents at one-year intervals and the corresponding growth charts to investigate the influences of age and ethnicity using a common pediatric neuroimaging *** accelerated longitudinal cohorts with the identical experimental design were implemented in the United States and *** magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)of typically developing school-age children(TDC)was obtained up to three times at nominal intervals of1.25 *** protocol generated and compared population-and age-specific brain templates and growth charts,respectively.A total of 674 Chinese pediatric MRI scans were obtained from 457 Chinese TDC and 190 American pediatric MRI scans were obtained from 133 American ***-and age-specific brain templates were used to quantify warp cost,the differences between individual brains and brain *** growth charts for labeled brain network areas were *** analyses of cost functions supported the necessity of age-specific and ethnicitymatched brain templates,which was confirmed by growth chart *** analyses revealed volumetric growth differences between the two ethnicities primarily in lateral frontal and parietal areas,regions which are most variable across individuals in regard to their structure and ***-and ethnicity-specific brain templates facilitate establishing unbiased pediatric brain growth charts,indicating the necessity of the brain charts and brain templates generated in *** templates and growth charts as well as related codes have been made freely available to the public for open neuroscience(https://***/zuoxinian/CCS/tree/master/H3/Growth Charts).

关键词： Growth charts Neuroimaging Ethnicity Brain templates Development