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STCF conceptual design report (Volume 1): Physics & detector

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第1期19卷 1-154页

作者： M.Achasov X.C.Ai L.P.An R.Aliberti Q.An X.Z.Bai Y.Bai O.Bakina A.Barnyakov V.Blinov V.Bobrovnikov D.Bodrov A.Bogomyagkov A.Bondar I.Boyko Z.h.Bu F.M.Cai h.Cai j.j.Cao Q.h.Cao X.Cao Z.Cao Q.Chang K.T.Chao D.Y.Chen h.Chen h.X.Chen j.F.Chen K.Chen L.L.Chen P.Chen S.L.Chen S.M.Chen S.Chen S.P.Chen W.Chen X.Chen X.F.Chen X.R.Chen Y.Chen Y.Q.Chen h.Y.Cheng j.Cheng S.Cheng T.G.Cheng j.P.Dai L.Y.Dai X.C.Dai D.Dedovich A.Denig I.Denisenko j.M.Dias D.Z.Ding L.Y.Dong W.h.Dong V.Druzhinin D.S.Du Y.j.Du Z.G.Du L.M.Duan D.Epifanov Y.L.Fan S.S.Fang Z.j.Fang G.Fedotovich C.Q.Feng X.Feng Y.T.Feng j.L.Fu j.Gao Y.N.Gao P.S.Ge C.Q.Geng L.S.Geng A.Gilman L.Gong T.Gong B.Gou W.Gradl j.L.Gu A.Guevara L.C.Gui A.Q.Guo F.K.Guo j.C.Guo j.Guo Y.P.Guo Z.h.Guo A.Guskov K.L.han L.han M.han X.Q.hao j.B.he S.Q.he X.G.he Y.L.he Z.B.he Z.X.heng B.L.hou T.j.hou Y.R.hou C.Y.hu h.M.hu K.hu R.j.hu W.h.hu X.h.hu Y.C.hu j.hua G.S.huang j.S.huang M.huang Q.Y.huang W.Q.huang X.T.huang X.j.huang Y.B.huang Y.S.huang N.hüsken V.Ivanov Q.P.ji j.j.jia S.jia Z.K.jia h.B.jiang j.jiang S.Z.jiang j.B.jiao Z.jiao h.j.jing X.L.Kang X.S.Kang B.C.Ke M.Kenzie A.Khoukaz I.Koop E.Kravchenko A.Kuzmin Y.Lei E.Levichev C.h.Li C.Li D.Y.Li F.Li G.Li G.Li h.B.Li h.Li h.N.Li h.j.Li h.L.Li j.M.Li j.Li L.Li L.Li L.Y.Li N.Li P.R.Li R.h.Li S.Li T.Li W.j.Li X.Li X.h.Li X.Q.Li X.h.Li Y.Li Y.Y.Li Z.j.Li h.liang j.h.liang Y.T.liang G.R.Liao L.Z.Liao Y.Liao C.X.Lin D.X.Lin X.S.Lin B.j.Liu C.W.Liu D.Liu F.Liu G.M.Liu h.B.Liu j.Liu j.j.Liu j.B.Liu K.Liu K.Y.Liu K.Liu L.Liu Q.Liu S.B.Liu T.Liu X.Liu Y.W.Liu Y.Liu Y.L.Liu Z.Q.Liu Z.Y.Liu Z.W.Liu I.Logashenko Y.Long C.G.Lu j.X.Lu N.Lu Q.F.Lü Y.Lu Y.Lu Z.Lu P.Lukin F.j.Luo T.Luo X.F.Luo Y.h.Luo h.j.Lyu X.R.Lyu j.P.Ma P.Ma Y.Ma Y.M.Ma F.Maas S.Malde D.Matvienko Z.X.Meng R.Mitchell A.Nefediev Y.Nefedov S.L.Olsen Q.Ouyang P.Pakhlov G.Pakhlova X.Pan Y.Pan E.Passemar Y.P.Pei h.P.Peng L.Peng X.Y.Peng X.j.Peng K.Peters S.Pivovarov E.Pyata B.B.Qi Y.Q.Qi W.B.Qian Y.Qian C.F.Qiao j.j.Qin j.j.Qin L.Q.Qin X.S.Qin T.L.Qiu j.Rademacker C.F.Redmer h.Y.Sang Anhui University Hefei 230039China Beihang University Beijing 100191China Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics Novosibirsk 630090Russia CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Cavendish Laboratory University of CambridgeJJ Thomson AveCambridge CB30HEUnited Kingdom Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079China Central South University Changsha 410083China China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074China China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116China École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL) LausanneSwitzerland Fudan University Shanghai 200433China Goethe University Frankfurt D-60325 Frankfurt am MainGermany Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004China Guangxi Uninversity Nanning 530004China hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study UCASHangzhou 310024China hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China hebei University Baoding 071002China hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601China helmholtz Institute Mainz Staudinger Weg 18D-55099 MainzGermany henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007China henan University Kaifeng 475004China high Energy Physics Center Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul 06974Korea higher School of Economy 11 Pokrovsky Bulvar Moscow 109028Russia huangshan University Huangshan 245000China hubei University of Automotive Technology Shiyan 442002China hunan Normal University Changsha 410081China hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan 411201China hunan University Changsha 410082China Indiana University BloomingtonIndiana 47405USA Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021China Institute of Advanced Science Facilities Shenzhen 518107China Institute of high Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Institute of Physics Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan 11529China Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China jilin University Changch

The superτ-charm facility(STCF)is an electron–positron collider proposed by the Chinese particle physics *** is designed to operate in a center-of-mass energy range from 2 to 7 GeV with a peak luminosity of 0.5×10^(35) cm^(–2)·s^(–1) or *** STCF will produce a data sample about a factor of 100 larger than that of the presentτ-charm factory—the BEPCII,providing a unique platform for exploring the asymmetry of matter-antimatter(charge-parity violation),in-depth studies of the internal structure of hadrons and the nature of non-perturbative strong interactions,as well as searching for exotic hadrons and physics beyond the Standard *** STCF project in China is under development with an extensive R&D *** document presents the physics opportunities at the STCF,describes conceptual designs of the STCF detector system,and discusses future plans for detector R&D and physics case studies.

关键词： electron–positron collider tau-charm region high luminosity STCF detector conceptual design

Formation and Dissociation of Bamboo-like ErD_2/ErD_3 Grains

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2013年第11期29卷 1101-1103页

作者： j.h.liang h.h.Shen S.M.Peng X.G.Long X.S.Zhou L.Yang X.T.Zu Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering Physics School of Physical Electronics University of Electronic Science and Technology of China

The formation and dissociation of Er deuteride grains were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy, in-situ X-ray diffraction and thermal desorption spectroscopy. Pure Er film shows classic columnar structure, while the Er deuteride film was observed as bamboo-like morphology. The in-situ X-ray diffraction results demonstrate that the diffraction peaks of 27.39°, 28.43°, 31.71°, and 39.95° are ascribed to the crystal planes of （002）, （110）, （111）, and （112） of ErD3 phase, respectively. It is also confirmed that by in-situ X-ray diffraction technique, ErD3 grains would be dissociated at temperature exceeding 400 ℃. This result is consistent with the conclusion obtained by thermal desorption spectroscopy.

关键词： Erbium deuteride Bamboo-like morphology ErD3 Phase transformation X-ray diffraction

Convexification of hybrid AC-DC Optimal Power Flow with Line-Commutated Converters

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CSEE journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 617-628页

作者： hongyuan liang Zhigang Li j.h.Zheng Q.h.Wu School of Electric Power Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China

Line-commutated converter (LCC)-based high-voltage DC (hVDC) systems have been integrated with bulk AC power grids for interregional transmission of renewable power. The nonlinear LCC model brings additional nonconvexity to optimal power flow (OPF) of hybrid AC-DC power grids. A convexification method for the LCC station model could address such nonconvexity but has rarely been discussed. We devise an equivalent reformulation for classical LCC station models that facilitates second-order cone convex relaxation for the OPF of LCC-based AC-DC power grids. We also propose sufficient conditions for exactness of convex relaxation with its proof. Equivalence of the proposed LCC station models and properties, exactness, and effectiveness of convex relaxation are verified using four numerical simulations. Simulation results demonstrate a globally optimal solution of the original OPF can be efficiently obtained from relaxed model.

关键词： AC-DC power system convex relaxation linecommutated converter optimal power flow second-order cone programming

Encroachment drives facilitation at alpine shrublines

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 62-72页

作者： Yafeng Wang Eryuan liang j.julio Camarero College of Ecology and Environment Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología(IPE-CSIC) Zaragoza50080Spain

Ongoing encroachment is driving recent alpine shrubline dynamics globally,but the role of shrub-shrub interactions in shaping shrublines and their relationships with stem density changes remain poorly ***,the size and age of shrubs from 26 Salix shrubline populations along a 900-km latitudinal gradient(30°-38°N)were measured and mapped across the eastern Tibetan *** pattern analyses were used to quantify the spatial distribution patterns of juveniles and adults,and to assess spatial associations between *** intensity of univariate and bivariate spatial patterns was related to biotic and abiotic *** mark correlation functions with a quantitative mark(shrub height,basal stem diameter,crown width)were also employed to investigate the spatial relationships between shrub traits of juveniles and *** equation models were used to explore the relationships among conspecific interactions,patterns,shrub traits and recruitment dynamics under climate *** shrublines showed clustered patterns,suggesting the existence of conspecific *** patterns of juveniles and conspecific interactions(potentially facilitation)tended to intensify with increasing soil moisture *** warming before 2010 triggered positive effects on population interactions and spatial patterns via increased shrub ***,summer warming after2010 triggered negative effects on interactions through reduced shrub ***,shrub recruitment shifts under rapid climate change could impact spatial patterns,alter conspecific interactions and modify the direction and degree of shrublines responses to *** changes would have profound implications for the stability of alpine woody ecosystems.

关键词： Alpine shrubline Positive interactions Facilitation Spatial clustering Point pattern analyses

The quasi-Gramian solution of a non-commutative extension of the higher-order nonlinear Schr?dinger equation

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第3期76卷 51-61页

作者： h W A Riaz j Lin Department of Physics Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China

The nonlinear Schr?dinger(NLS)equation,which incorporates higher-order dispersive terms,is widely employed in the theoretical analysis of various physical *** this study,we explore the non-commutative extension of the higher-order NLS *** treat real or complex-valued functions,such as g_(1)=g_(1)(x,t)and g_(2)=g_(2)(x,t)as non-commutative,and employ the Lax pair associated with the evolution equation,as in the commutation *** derive the quasi-Gramian solution of the system by employing a binary Darboux *** soliton solutions are presented explicitly within the framework of *** visually understand the dynamics and solutions in the given example,we also provide simulations illustrating the associated ***,the solution can be used to study the stability of plane waves and to understand the generation of periodic patterns within the context of modulational instability.

关键词： integrable systems Darboux transformation solitons

A short overview of the lead iodide residue impact and regulation strategies in perovskite solar cells

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第3期90卷 504-510,I0012页

作者： Eng liang Lim Zhanhua Wei Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Luminescent Materials and Information DisplaysCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringHuaqiao UniversityXiamen 361021FujianChina

Lead iodide(PbI2) is a vital raw material for preparing perovskite solar cells(PSCs),and it not only takes part in forming the light absorption layer but also remains in the grain boundary as a *** other words,the PbI2 content in the precursor and as formed film will affect the efficiency and stability of the *** moderate residual PbI2,it passivates the bulk/surface defects of perovskite,reduces the interfacial recombination,promotes the perovskite stability,minimizes the device hysteresis,and so *** PbI2 residue will reduce the interfacial passivation effect and device *** addition to facilitating the non-radiative recombination,over PbI2 residue can also lead to electronic insulation in the grain boundary and deteriorate the device ***,the impact and regulation of PbI2 residue on the device performance and stability is still not fully ***,a comprehensive and detailed review is presented by discussing the PbI2 residue impact and its regulation strategies(i.e., elimination,facilitation and conversion of the residue PbI2) to manipulate the PbI2 content,distribution and ***,we also show future outlooks in this field,with an aim to help further the progression of high-efficiency and stable PSCs.

关键词： Lead iodide Residue Regulation Perovskite solar cells Efficiency Stability

Observability Analysis of Integrated Electricity and heating Systems with Thermal Quasi-dynamics in Pipelines

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CSEE journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第3期10卷 1145-1158页

作者： Zhigang Li Wenjian Zheng junbo Zhao j.h.Zheng Q.h.Wu School of Electric Power Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China Fuzhou Changle District Power Supply Company of State Grid Fujian Electric Power Co. Ltd.Fuzhou 350000China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA CSEE IEEE

Observability analysis(OA)is vital to obtaining the available input measurements of state estimation(SE)in an integrated electricity and heating system(IEhS).Considering the thermal quasi-dynamics in pipelines,the measurement equations in heating systems are dependent on the estimated results,leading to an interdependency between OA and *** OA methods require measurement equations be known exactly before SE is performed,and they are not applicable to *** bridge this gap,a scenario-based OA scheme for IEhSs is devised that yields reliable analysis results for a predefined set of time-delay scenarios to cope with this *** its core procedure,the observable state identification and observability restoration are formulated in terms of integer linear *** tests are conducted to demonstrate the validity and superiority of the proposed formulation.

关键词： Integrated electricity and heating system measurement observability analysis state estimation thermal quasi-dynamics

Dissociation cross sections ofψ(3770),ψ(4040),ψ(4160),andψ(4415)mesons with nucleons

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第4期76卷 93-112页

作者： Ruo-Qing Ding Xiao-Ming Xu h j Weber Department of Physics Shanghai UniversityBaoshanShanghai 200444China Department of Physics University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22904United States of America

We study the dissociation of ψ(3770), ψ(4040), ψ(4160), and ψ(4415) mesons in collision with nucleons, which takes place in high-energy proton-nucleus collisions. The quark interchange between a nucleon and a ■ meson leads to the dissociation of the ■ meson. We consider the reactions:■, and■, where R stands for ψ(3770), ψ(4040), ψ(4160), or ψ(4415). A reaction of a neutron and a ■ meson corresponds to a reaction of a proton and the ■ meson by replacing the up quark with the down quark and vice versa. Transition-amplitude formulas are derived from the S-matrix *** cross sections are calculated with the transition amplitudes for scattering in the prior form and in the post form. The cross sections relate to nodes in the radial wave functions of ψ(3770), ψ(4040), ψ(4160), and ψ(4415) mesons.

关键词： inelastic nucleon-charmonium scattering quark interchange relativistic constituent quark potential model

Palmitoleic acid on top of hFD ameliorates insulin resistance independent of diacylglycerols and alters gut microbiota in C57BL/6j mice

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Food Science and human Wellness 2024年第2期13卷 856-868页

作者： Qijian liang Yan Zheng Fanli Meng Xiaofan jiang Qingcai Zhen Zhongting Lu Shixiu Zhang Lei Du hao Wu Xin Guo Department of Nutrition and Food hygiene School of Public HealthCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan 250012China Research Center of Translational Medicine Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinan 250013China Department of hepatology Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250012China Institute of hepatology Shandong UniversityJinan 250012China

With the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related metabolic syndrome,such as insulin resistance in recent years,it is urgent to explore effective interventions to prevent the progression of obesity-related metabolic *** acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid that is available from dietary sources,mainly derived from marine products.P almitoleic acid plays a positive role in maintaining glucose homeostasis and reducing ***,it is still unknow the mechanism of palmitoleic acid in ameliorating insulin ***,we investigated the effects of palmitoleic acid on chow diet(CD)-fed and high-fat diet(hFD)-fed mice,which were fed CD or hFD for 12 weeks before *** administrated mice with BSA(control),oleic acid,or palmitoleic acid for 6 weeks on top of CD or hFD *** found that palmitoleic acid only improved glucose homeostasis in hFD-fed obese mice by increasing glucose clearance and reducing *** study explored that palmitoleic acid changed the composition of gut microbiota by decreasing Firmicutes population and increasing Bacteroidetes *** colon,palmitoleic acid increased intestinal tight junction integrity and reduced ***,palmitoleic acid decreased macrophage infiltration in liver and adipose tissue and increase glucose uptake in adipose ***(DAG)in tissue(for example,liver)is found to positively correlated with *** enhanced the levels of DAGs in liver but not in adipose tissue in this *** acid did not reverse the high DAG levels induced by hFD in ***,in hFD-fed mice,palmitoleic acid reduced insulin resistance by an independent-manner of *** might be associated with the beneficial effects of palmitoleic acid on altering the gut microbiota composition,improving of intestinal barrier function,and downregulating the inflammation in colon,liver,and adipose tissue.

关键词： Palmitoleic acid high fat diet Insulin resistance Gut microbiota