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Analysis of Ground Level Enhancement Events of 1989 September 29;2001April 15 and 2005 january 20

Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第10期22卷 86-102页

作者： R.E.Ugwoke A.A.Ubachukwu j.O.Urama O.Okike j.a.alhassan A.E.Chukwude Department of Physics Federal University of Technology OwerriImo state Nigeria Department of Physics and Astronomy University of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria Department of Industrial Physics Ebonyi State UniversityAbakalikiNigeria

We present the results of analyses of the ground level enhancements(GLEs)of cosmic ray(CR)events on 1989September 29;2001 April 15 and 2005 january *** involves examination of hourly raw CR counts of an array of neutron monitors(NMs)spread across different geographical latitudes and *** awk script and computer codes implemented in R software,the pressure corrected raw data plots of the NMs were grouped into low-,mid-and *** results show both similarities and differences in the structural patterns of the GLE *** an attempt to explain why the CR count during the decay phase of GLEs is always higher than the count before peak,we interpreted all counts prior to the peak as coming from direct solar neutrons and those in the decay phase including the peak as coming from secondary CR neutrons generated by the interactions of primary CRs with the atoms and molecules in the *** identified NMs that detected these primary neutrons and found that they are close in *** authors seemingly identified these two species as impulsive and gradual *** there are a number of unexplained manifestations of GLE signals,some of the results suggest that geomagnetic rigidity effectively determines the intensity of CRs at low-and *** impact is apparently insignificant in high-latitude ***,the results presented should be validated before making any firm ***,the contributions of the ever-present and intractable CR diurnal anisotropies to GLE signals should be accounted for in future work.

关键词： Sun coronal mass ejections(CMEs)-Sun flares-Sun particle emission

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Principal Component Analysis of Ground Level Enhancement of Cosmic Ray Events

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2023年第3期23卷 155-169页

作者： R.E.Ugwoke A.A.Ubachukwu j.O.Urama O.Okike j.a.alhassan A.E.Chukwude Department of Physics Federal University of Technology OwerriImo StateNigeria Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nigeria.NsukkaNigeria Department of Industrial Physics Ebonyi State UniversityAbakalikiNigeria

We applied principal component analysis(PCA)to the study of five ground level enhancements(GLEs)of cosmic ray(CR)*** nature of the multivariate data involved makes PCA a useful tool for this study.A subroutine program written and implemented in the R software environment generated interesting principal *** of the results shows that the method can distinguish between neutron monitors(NMs)that observed Forbush decreases from those that observed GLEs at the same *** PCA equally assigned NMs with identical signal counts with the same correlation factor(r)and those with close r values equally have a close resemblance in their CR *** results further indicate that while NMs that have the same time of peak may not have the same r,most NMs that had the same r also had the same time of *** the second principal components yielded information on the differences between NMs having opposite but the same or close values of *** that had the same r equally had the tendency of being close in latitude.

关键词： routine equally identical

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Adaptive Kalman filter for MEMS IMU data fusion using enhanced covariance scaling

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Control Theory and Technology 2021年第3期19卷 365-374页

作者： Fuseini Mumuni alhassan Mumuni Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department University of Mines and Technology(UMaT)P.O.Box 237TarkwaGhana Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department Cape Coast Technical University(CCTU)P.O.Box DL 50Cape CoastGhana

MEMS(micro-electro-mechanical-system)IMU(inertial measurement unit)sensors are characteristically noisy and this presents a serious problem to their effective *** Kalman filter assumes zero-mean Gaussian process and measurement noise variables,and then recursively computes optimal state ***,establishing the exact noise statistics is a non-trivial ***,this noise often varies widely in *** this challenge is the focus of adaptive Kalman filtering *** the covariance scaling method,the process and measurement noise covariance matrices Q and R are uniformly scaled by a scalar-quantity attenuating *** study proposes a new approach where individual elements of Q and R are scaled element-wise to ensure more granular adaptation of noise components and hence improve *** addition,the scaling is performed over a smoothly decreasing window to balance aggressiveness of response and stability in steady *** results show that the root mean square errors for both pith and roll axes are significantly reduced compared to the conventional noise adaptation method,albeit at a slightly higher computational ***,the root mean square pitch errors are 1.1∘under acceleration and 2.1∘under rotation,which are significantly less than the corresponding errors of the adaptive complementary filter and conventional covariance scaling-based adaptive Kalman filter tested under the same conditions.

关键词： IMU state-space model Role and pitch estimation More Attitude estimation Adaptive Kalman filter Covariance scaling

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Bayesian model averaging(BMA)for nuclear data evaluation

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第11期35卷 193-218页

作者： E.alhassan D.Rochman G.Schnabel A.j.Koning SCK CEN(Belgian Nuclear Research Centre) Boeretang 2002400 MolBelgium Laboratory for Reactor Physics and Thermal‑Hydraulics Paul Scherrer Institute5232 VilligenSwitzerland Nuclear Data Section International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)ViennaAustria Division of Applied Nuclear Physics Department of Physics and AstronomyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden

To ensure agreement between theoretical calculations and experimental data,parameters to selected nuclear physics models are perturbed and fine-tuned in nuclear data *** approach assumes that the chosen set of models accurately represents the‘true’distribution of considered ***,the models are chosen globally,indicating their applicability across the entire energy range of ***,this approach overlooks uncertainties inherent in the models *** this work,we propose that instead of selecting globally a winning model set and proceeding with it as if it was the‘true’model set,we,instead,take a weighted average over multiple models within a Bayesian model averaging(BMA)framework,each weighted by its posterior *** method involves executing a set of TALYS calculations by randomly varying multiple nuclear physics models and their parameters to yield a vector of calculated ***,computed likelihood function values at each incident energy point were then combined with the prior distributions to obtain updated posterior distributions for selected cross sections and the elastic angular *** the cross sections and elastic angular distributions were updated locally on a per-energy-point basis,the approach typically results in discontinuities or“kinks”in the cross section curves,and these were addressed using spline *** proposed BMA method was applied to the evaluation of proton-induced reactions on ^(58)Ni between 1 and 100 *** results demonstrated a favorable comparison with experimental data as well as with the TENDL-2023 evaluation.

关键词： Bayesian model averaging(BMA) Nuclear data Nuclear reaction models Model parameters TALYS code system Covariances

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Enhanced Wolf Pack Algorithm (EWPA) and Dense-kUNet Segmentation for Arterial Calcifications in Mammograms

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第2期78卷 2207-2223页

作者： Afnan M.alhassan College of Computing and Information Technology Shaqra UniversityShaqra11961Saudi Arabia

Breast Arterial Calcification(BAC)is a mammographic decision dissimilar to cancer and commonly observed in elderly *** identifying BAC could provide an expense,and be *** Deep Learning(DL)methods have been introduced for automatic BAC detection and quantification with increased ***,classification with deep learning had reached higher efficiency,but designing the structure of DL proved to be an extremely challenging task due to overfitting *** also is not able to capture the patterns and irregularities presented in the *** solve the overfitting problem,an optimal feature set has been formed by Enhanced Wolf Pack Algorithm(EWPA),and their irregularities are identified by Dense-kUNet *** this paper,Dense-kUNet for segmentation and optimal feature has been introduced for classification(severe,mild,light)that integrates DenseUNet and *** bound links exist among adjacent modules,allowing relatively rough data to be sent to the following component and assisting the system in finding higher *** major contribution of the work is to design the best features selected by Enhanced Wolf Pack Algorithm(EWPA),and Modified Support Vector Machine(MSVM)based learning for classification.k-Dense-UNet is introduced which combines the procedure of Dense-UNet and kU-Net for image *** bound associations occur among nearby sections,allowing relatively granular data to be sent to the next subsystem and benefiting the system in recognizing smaller *** proposed techniques and the performance are tested using several types of analysis techniques 826 filled digitized *** proposed method achieved the highest precision,recall,F-measure,and accuracy of 84.4333%,84.5333%,84.4833%,and 86.8667%when compared to other methods on the Digital Database for Screening Mammography(DDSM).

关键词： Breast arterial calcification cardiovascular disease semantic segmentation transfer learning enhanced wolf pack algorithm and modified support vector machine

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Efficient Authentication Scheme for UAV-Assisted Mobile Edge Computing

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第5期75卷 2727-2740页

作者： Maryam alhassan Abdul Raouf Khan Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyKing Faisal UniversityAlahssa31982Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Preserving privacy is imperative in the new unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-assisted mobile edge computing(MEC)architecture to ensure that sensitive information is protected and kept secure throughout the ***,efficiency must be considered while developing such a privacy-preserving scheme because the devices involved in these architectures are resource *** study proposes a lightweight and efficient authentication scheme for *** proposed scheme is a hardware-based password-less authentication mechanism that is based on the fact that temporal and memory-related efficiency can be significantly improved while maintaining the data security by adopting a hardwarebased solution with a simple *** proposed scheme works in four stages:system initialization,EU registration,EU authentication,and session *** is implemented as a single hardware chip comprising registers and XOR gates,and it can run the entire process in one clock ***,the proposed scheme has significantly higher efficiency in terms of runtime and memory consumption compared to other prevalent methods in the *** are conducted to evaluate the proposed authentication *** results show that the scheme has an average execution time of 0.986 ms and consumes average memory of 34 *** hardware execution time is approximately 0.39 ns,which is a significantly less than the prevalent schemes,whose execution times range in ***,the security of the proposed scheme is examined,and it is resistant to brute-force *** 1.158×10^(77) trials are required to overcome the system’s security,which is not feasible using fastest available processors.

关键词： MEC UAVs drones security efficiency authentication hardware-based solution password-less authentication

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Apples to oranges:environmentally derived,dynamic regulation of serotonin neuron subpopulations in adulthood?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2596-2597页

作者： Christopher j.O’Connell Matthew j.Robson Department of Genetics College of MedicineHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA james L.Winkle College of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Neuroscience Graduate Program College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA

Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a public health problem with an undue economic burden that impacts nearly every age,ethnic,and gender group across the globe(Capizzi et al.,2020).TBIs are often sustained during a dynamic range of exposures to energetic environmental forces and as such outcomes are typically heterogeneous regarding severity and pathology(Capizzi et al.,2020).

关键词： sustained orange dynamic

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Development of multiple mobile networks call detailed records and its forensic analysis

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Digital Communications and Networks 2019年第4期5卷 256-265页

作者： Emmanuel Abba A.M.Aibinu j.K.alhassan Department of Cyber Security Science Federal University of TechnologyMinnaNigeria Department of Mechatronics Engineering Federal University of TechnologyMinnaNigeria

Call Detailed Records(CDR)are generated and stored in Mobile Networks(MNs)and contain subscriber’s information about active or passive usage of the network for various communication *** spatio-temporal nature of CDR makes them a valuable dataset used for forensic *** in technology have led to the seamless communication across Multiple Mobile Network(MMN),which poses a threat to the availability and integrity of CDR *** CDR implementation is capable of logging peer-to-peer communications over single connection only,thus necessitating improvements on how the CDR data is stored for forensic *** this paper,the problem is solved by identifying and conceptually modelling six new artifacts generated by such communication *** newly identified artifacts are introduced into the existing CDR for an incident capturing of the required data for forensic analysis during investigations involved in the MMN *** show an improved absolute speed of 0.0058 s for the MMN-CDR to associate a suspect with an incident,which is 0.0038 s faster than the speed of 0.0097s for the existing CDR to associate a suspect with an ***,a novel method for forensically tracking calls over the MMN has been *** MMN-CDR,when forensically analyzed,reveals an increase in time efficiency over the existing CDR due to its high absolute ***,higher accuracy and completeness percentage are both obtained.

关键词： CDR Investigation Multiple mobile networks Suspect

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South Carolina forestland owners’ willingness to accept compensations for carbon sequestration

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Forest Ecosystems 2019年第2期6卷 119-131页

作者： Mustapha alhassan Marzieh Motallebi Bo Song Clemson University Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science P. O. Box 596 Georgetown SC 29442 USA U.S. Geological Survey Science and Decisions Center 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Mail Stop 913 Reston VA 20192 USA

Background: Carbon sequestration through recommended forest management practices is an ecosystem service that helps mitigate climate change and its impacts while generating carbon credits for forestland owners to sell in cap-and-trade programs. The California’s cap-and-trade program (California’s carbon market hereafter) allows forestland owners from any part of the contiguous United States to supply carbon credits to compliance entities. In this study, we estimate South Carolina (SC) private forestland owners’willingness to accept compensations to participate in the California’s carbon market using a contingent valuation method. Results: We estimate forestland owners’mean willingness to accept as$67 per acre per year. Our results reveal higher probability of participation of forestland owners with interests in preserving forest ecosystems than those who do not. Additionally, forestland owners who trust in information about climate change from scientists or government are willing to participate more than those who do not. Conclusions: Various factors hinder landowners’ability to participate in carbon markets. Forestland owners in SC consider legislative uncertainty and long-time commitment as the main barriers to participation in California’s carbon market. From this research, average forestland tenure in SC is 27 years, which is far less than the 100-year time commitment of the California’s carbon market. Of those who agreed to participate, choosing between adopting and not adopting any of the three main forest management practices in the California’s carbon market:28% are likely to adopt improved forest management (IFM) practices, 24% are likely to adopt reforestation due to understocked forestlands, and 14% are likely to adopt avoided conversion. In another development, the concept of aggregation has dominated discussions in the California’s carbon market of late. It is an advocacy to include small-scale forestlands in the California’s carbon market. To aggregate

关键词： Forestland owners Carbon markets Willingness to accept

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A Survey of Synthetic Data Augmentation Methods in Machine Vision

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第5期21卷 831-869页

作者： alhassan Mumuni Fuseini Mumuni Nana Kobina Gerrar Cape Coast Technical University Cape CoastDL 50Ghana University of Mines and Technology Tarkwa237Ghana

The standard approach to tackling computer vision problems is to train deep convolutional neural network(CNN)models using large-scale image datasets that are representative of the target ***,in many scenarios,it is often challenging to obtain sufficient image data for the target *** augmentation is a way to mitigate this challenge.A common practice is to explicitly transform existing images in desired ways to create the required volume and variability of training data necessary to achieve good generalization *** situations where data for the target domain are not accessible,a viable workaround is to synthesize training data from scratch,i.e.,synthetic data *** paper presents an extensive review of synthetic data augmentation *** covers data synthesis approaches based on realistic 3D graphics modelling,neural style transfer(NST),differential neural rendering,and generative modelling using generative adversarial networks(GANs)and variational autoencoders(VAEs).For each of these classes of methods,we focus on the important data generation and augmentation techniques,general scope of application and specific use-cases,as well as existing limitations and possible ***,we provide a summary of common synthetic datasets for training computer vision models,highlighting the main features,application domains and supported ***,we discuss the effectiveness of synthetic data augmentation *** this is the first paper to explore synthetic data augmentation methods in great detail,we are hoping to equip readers with the necessary background information and in-depth knowledge of existing methods and their attendant issues.

关键词： Data augmentation generative modelling neural rendering data synthesis synthetic data neural style transfer(NsT)

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