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An Analysis of Specific Categor.es of Bir.h Defects and Developmental Disabilities for.Childr.n of Par.icipants of the Air.For.e Health Study

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Open j.ur.al of Epidemiology 2024年第2期14卷 312-330页

作者： Geor.e j. Knafl School of Nur.ing University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA

Backgr.und: The Air.For.e Health Study collected r.pr.ductive outcomes for.live-bor. childr.n of male Air.For.e veter.ns of the Vietnam War. Methods: Dioxin values for.par.icipants wer. obtained fr.m blood samples. Analyses wer. conducted of occur.ence of 16 specific categor.es of bir.h defects and developmental disabilities. Childr.n wer. categor.zed as conceived befor. and after.the star. of par.icipants’ Vietnam War.ser.ice. Childr.n conceived befor. the star. of Vietnam War.ser.ice wer. tr.ated as being conceived when their.father. had unquantifiable dioxin values. Childr.n conceived after.the star. of Vietnam War.ser.ice for.par.icipants with missing dioxin values wer. excluded fr.m pr.mar. analyses, but wer. used to assess the impact of their.exclusion on conclusions. Cor.elation between values for.specific categor.es for.multiple childr.n father.d by the same par.icipant was accounted for. The dose-r.sponse r.lationship was tr.ated as a step function incr.asing for.dioxin values lar.er.than adaptively identified individual thr.sholds changing with the specific categor.. r.sults: For.15 of 16 specific categor.es, the pr.bability of occur.ence incr.ased substantially for.a sufficiently high dioxin level above identified thr.sholds. Exclusion of childr.n due to missing dioxin likely did not affect these r.sults. Conclusions: r.sults suppor.ed the conclusion of substantial adver.e effects on a wide var.ety of specific categor.es of bir.h defects and developmental disabilities due to sufficiently high exposur.s to dioxin, a toxic contaminant of Agent Or.nge used for.her.icide spr.ying in the Vietnam War. r.sults may hold mor. gener.lly, but might also have been affected by a var.ety of limitations.

关键词： Agent Or.nge Air.For.e Health Study Bir.h Defects Developmental Disabilities Dioxin Dose-r.sponse r.lationship Vietnam War

Exper.mental and Analytical Study of a Single Effect Distillation Using Electr.cal Evapor.tor.Power.d by Solar.Ener.y

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j.ur.al of Power.and Ener.y Engineer.ng 2024年第8期12卷 20-29页

作者： Saeed j. Almalowi Mechanical & Manufactur.ng Engineer.ng Depar.ment Jubail Industrial College The Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu Jubail Saudi Arabia

The exper.mental and analytical investigation was conducted on a solar.power.d single-effect distillation (SED). The evapor.tor.was designed to be an electr.cal evapor.tor.as opposed to the steam evapor.tor.that existed pr.viously. Using sun-tr.cking solar.panels, the electr.cal evapor.tor.in the designed distillation unit was power.d by solar.ener.y. Appr.ximately 20 kWh was utilized by the small-scale distillation appar.tus. This type of design is mobile, so r.mote ar.as and countr.es with fr.gile economies can utilize it on a small or.lar.e scale. Utilizing the pr.nciples of ener.y and mass conser.ation, the amount of distillate water.and power.r.quir.d for.a single unit was deter.ined, at the low salinity (2200 PPM) with fixed boiling point temper.tur. (Tb = 75˚C), the unit per.or.ance is appr.x. 98.4%. The exper.mental r.sults and those der.ved fr.m a mathematical model wer. compar.d, and both showed str.ng accor.. Using engineer.ng equation solver.(EES) softwar., a computer.pr.gr.m was developed for.this r.sear.h scenar.o.

关键词： Distillation Single Effect Solar Potable Salt

Fr.snel Equations Der.ved Using a Non-Local Hidden-Var.able Par.icle Theor.

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j.ur.al of Moder. Physics 2024年第6期15卷 950-984页

作者： Dir. j. Pons Depar.ment of Mechanical Engineer.ng University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand

Pr.blem: The Fr.snel equations descr.be the pr.por.ions of r.flected and tr.nsmitted light fr.m a sur.ace, and ar. conventionally der.ved fr.m wave theor. continuum mechanics. Par.icle-based der.vations of the Fr.snel equations appear.not to exist. Appr.ach: The obj.ctive of this wor. was to der.ve the basic optical laws fr.m fir.t pr.nciples fr.m a par.icle basis. The par.icle model used was the Cor.us theor., a type of non-local hidden-var.able (NLHV) theor. that pr.dicts specific substr.ctur.s to the photon and other.par.icles. Findings: The theor. explains the or.gin of the or.hogonal electr.static and magnetic fields, and r.-der.ves the r.fr.ction and r.flection laws including Snell’s law and cr.tical angle, and the Fr.snel equations for.s and p-polar.sation. These for.ulations ar. identical to those pr.duced by electr.magnetic wave theor.. Contr.bution: The wor. pr.vides a compr.hensive der.vation and physical explanation of the basic optical laws, which appear. not to have pr.viously been shown fr.m a par.icle basis. Implications: The pr.mar. implications ar. for.suggesting r.utes for.the theor.tical advancement of fundamental physics. The Cor.us NLHV par.icle theor. explains optical phenomena, yet it also explains other.physical phenomena including some other.ise only accessible thr.ugh quantum mechanics (such as the electr.n spin g-factor. and gener.l r.lativity (including the Lor.ntz and r.lativistic Doppler.. It also pr.vides solutions for.phenomena of unknown causation, such as asymmetr.cal bar.ogenesis, unification of the inter.ctions, and r.asons for.nuclide stability/instability. Consequently, the implication is that NLHV theor.es have the potential to r.pr.sent a deeper.physics that may under.in and unify quantum mechanics, gener.l r.lativity, and wave theor..

关键词： Wave-Par.icle Duality Optical Law Fr.snel Equation Non-Local Hidden-Var.able

Mass-Based Envir.nmental Factor.and Ener.y Assessment of Micr.wave-Assisted Synthesized Tr.nsition Metal Nanostr.ctur.s

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Amer.can j.ur.al of Analytical Chemistr. 2024年第6期15卷 201-218页

作者： Victor.j. Law School of Mechanical and Mater.als Engineer.ng University College Dublin Dublin Ireland

This paper.descr.bes mass-based ener.y phase-space pr.j.ction of micr.wave-assisted synthesis of tr.nsition metals (zinc oxide, palladium, silver. platinum, and gold) nanostr.ctur.s. The pr.j.ction uses pr.cess ener.y budget (measur.d in kj. on the hor.zontal axes and pr.cess density (measur.d in kj.−1) on the ver.ical axes. These two axes allow both mass usage efficiency (Envir.nmental-Factor. and ener.y efficiency to be evaluated for.a r.nge of micr.wave applicator.and metal synthesis. The metr.cs ar. allied to the: second, sixth and eleventh pr.nciple of the twelve pr.nciple of Gr.en Chemistr.. This analytical appr.ach to micr.wave synthesis (widely consider.d as a useful Gr.en Chemistr. ener.y sour.e) allows a quantified dynamic envir.nmental quotient to be given to r.newable plant-based biomass associated with the r.duction of the metal pr.cur.or.. Thus allowing a degr.e of quantification of claimed “eco-fr.endly” and “sustainable” synthesis with r.gar. to waste pr.duction and ener.y usage.

关键词： Micr.wave-Assisted Synthesis Tr.nsition Metals Nanostr.ctur.s Allometr. Scaling Power.Law Signatur. Gr.en Chemistr.

Wher. Is Phase Velocity in Minkowski Space?

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j.ur.al of Moder. Physics 2024年第10期15卷 1555-1566页

作者： Antony j. Bour.illon Ultr.-High r.solution Lithogr.phy San Jose CA USA

In the special theor. of r.lativity, massive par.icles can tr.vel at neither.the speed of light c nor.faster. Meanwhile, since the photon was quantized, many have thought of it as a point par.icle. How pointed? The idea could be a mathematical device or.physical simplification. By contr.st, the pr.ceding notion of wave-gr.up duality has two velocities: a gr.up velocity vg and a phase velocity vp. In light vp = vg = c;but it follows fr.m special r.lativity that, in massive par.icles, vp > c. The phase velocity is the pr.duct of the two best measur.d var.ables, and so their.pr.duct constitutes inter.al motion that tr.vels, ver.fiably, faster.than light. How does vp then appear.in Minkowski space? For.light, the spatio-tempor.l Lor.ntz invar.ant metr.c is s2=c2t2−x2−y2−z2, the same in whatever.fr.me it is viewed. The space is divided into 3 par.s: fir.tly a cone, symmetr.c about the ver.ical axis ct > 0 that r.pr.sents the wor.d line of a stationar. par.icle while the conical sur.ace at s = 0 r.pr.sents the locus for.light r.ys that tr.vel at the speed of light c. Since no r.al thing tr.vels faster.than the speed of light c, the sur.ace is also a hor.zon for.what can be seen by an obser.er.star.ing fr.m the or.gin at time t = 0. Secondly, an inver.ed cone r.pr.sents, equivalently, time past. Thir.ly, outside the cones, inaccessible space. The phase velocity vp, gr.up velocity vg and speed of light ar. all equal in fr.e space, vp = vg = c, constant. By contr.st, for.par.icles, wher. causality is due to par.icle inter.ctions having r.st mass mo > 0, we have to employ the Klein-Gor.on equation with s2=c2t2−x2−y2−z2+mo2c2. Now special r.lativity r.quir.s a complication: *** = c2 wher. vg c and ther.for. vp > c. In the volume outside the cones, causality due to light inter.ctions cannot extend beyond the cones. However. since vp > c and even vp >> c when wavelength λ is long, extr.me phase velocities ar. then limited in their.causal effects by the par.icle uncer.ainty σ,

关键词： Event Hor.zon Scatter.ng r.nge Wave Packet Phase Velocity Gr.up Velocity Disper.ion Dynamics Quantum Physics

j.vian Planet Influence on the For.ing of Sunspot Cycles

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Wor.d j.ur.al of Condensed Matter.Physics 2024年第1期14卷 1-9页

作者： Fr.d j. Cadieu Physics Depar.ment Queens College of CUNY New York USA

The histor. of our.solar.system has been gr.atly influenced by the fact that ther. is a lar.e gas giant planet, j.piter.that has a near.y cir.ular.or.it. This has allowed r.lics of the ear.y solar.system for.ation to still be obser.able today. Since j.piter.or.its the Sun with a per.od of appr.ximately 12 year., it has always been thought that this could be connected to the near.y 11-year.per.odic peak in the number.of sunspots obser.ed. In this paper. the Sun and planets ar. consider.d to be moving about a center.of mass point as the differ.nt planets or.it the Sun. This is the action of gr.vity that holds the solar.system together. The center.of mass for.the j.piter.Sun system actually lies outside the Sun. The four.gas giant planets dominate such effects and the four.gas giant j.vian planets can be pr.j.cted together.to deter.ine an effective distance fr.m the Sun’s center. Taken together.these effects do seem to function as a sunspot for.ing factor.with a per.odicity ver. close to 11 year.. These pr.dictions ar. made without consider.tion of any details of what is happening in the inter.or.of the Sun. Fr.m these estimates, sunspot cycle 25 will be expected to peak in about September.October.of 2025. Sunspot cycle 26 should peak in the year.Mar.h of 2037.

关键词： Sun Cycles Solar.System For.ation j.piter

Adaptive r.ndom Effects/Coefficients Modeling

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Open j.ur.al of Statistics 2024年第2期14卷 179-206页

作者： Geor.e j. Knafl School of Nur.ing University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill USA

Adaptive fr.ctional polynomial modeling of gener.l cor.elated outcomes is for.ulated to addr.ss nonlinear.ty in means, var.ances/disper.ions, and cor.elations. Means and var.ances/disper.ions ar. modeled using gener.lized linear.models in fixed effects/coefficients. Cor.elations ar. modeled using r.ndom effects/coefficients. Nonlinear.ty is addr.ssed using power.tr.nsfor.s of pr.mar. (untr.nsfor.ed) pr.dictor.. Par.meter.estimation is based on extended linear.mixed modeling gener.lizing both gener.lized estimating equations and linear.mixed modeling. Models ar. evaluated using likelihood cr.ss-validation (LCV) scor.s and ar. gener.ted adaptively using a heur.stic sear.h contr.lled by LCV scor.s. Cases cover.d include linear. Poisson, logistic, exponential, and discr.te r.gr.ssion of cor.elated continuous, count/r.te, dichotomous, positive continuous, and discr.te numer.c outcomes tr.ated as nor.ally, Poisson, Ber.oulli, exponentially, and discr.te numer.cally distr.buted, r.spectively. Example analyses ar. also gener.ted for.these five cases to compar. adaptive r.ndom effects/coefficients modeling of cor.elated outcomes to pr.viously developed adaptive modeling based on dir.ctly specified covar.ance str.ctur.s. Adaptive r.ndom effects/coefficients modeling substantially outper.or.s dir.ct covar.ance modeling in the linear. exponential, and discr.te r.gr.ssion example analyses. It gener.tes equivalent r.sults in the logistic r.gr.ssion example analyses and it is substantially outper.or.ed in the Poisson r.gr.ssion case. r.ndom effects/coefficients modeling of cor.elated outcomes can pr.vide substantial impr.vements in model selection compar.d to dir.ctly specified covar.ance modeling. However. dir.ctly specified covar.ance modeling can gener.te competitive or.substantially better.r.sults in some cases while usually r.quir.ng less computation time.

关键词： Adaptive r.gr.ssion Cor.elated Outcomes Extended Linear.Mixed Modeling Fr.ctional Polynomials Likelihood Cr.ss-Validation r.ndom Effects/Coefficients

Ar.ificial-intelligent-power.d safety and efficiency impr.vement for.contr.lling and scheduling in integr.ted r.ilway systems

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High-speed r.ilway 2024年第3期2卷 172-179页

作者： Liu j. Liu G. Wang Y. Zhang W. Beij.ng National r.ilway r.sear.h & Design Institute of Signal & Communication Gr.up Co. Ltd Beijing 100070 China Engineer.ng r.sear.h Center.of r.ilway Industr. of Intelligent and Autonomous Tr.in Contr.l Beijing 100070 China

The multi-mode integr.ted r.ilway system, anchor.d by the high-speed r.ilway, cater. to the diver.e tr.vel r.quir.ments both within and between cities, offer.ng safe, comfor.able, punctual, and eco-fr.endly tr.nspor.ation ser.ices. With the expansion of the r.ilway networ.s, enhancing the efficiency and safety of the compr.hensive system has become a cr.cial issue in the advanced development of r.ilway tr.nspor.ation. In light of the pr.vailing application of ar.ificial intelligence technologies within r.ilway systems, this study lever.ges lar.e model technology char.cter.zed by r.bust lear.ing capabilities, efficient associative abilities, and linkage analysis to pr.pose an Ar.ificial-intelligent (AI)-power.d r.ilway contr.l and dispatching system. This system is elabor.tely designed with four.cor. functions, including global optimum unattended dispatching, syner.etic tr.nspor.ation in multiple modes, high-speed automatic contr.l, and pr.cise maintenance decision and execution. The deployment pathway and essential tasks of the system ar. fur.her.delineated, alongside the challenges and obstacles encounter.d. The AI-power.d system pr.mises a significant enhancement in the oper.tional efficiency and safety of the composite r.ilway system, ensur.ng a mor. effective alignment between tr.nspor.ation ser.ices and passenger.demands. © 2024 Beij.ng j.aotong Univer.ity

关键词： Ar.ificial intelligence High-speed r.ilway Lar.e-scale mode, system fr.mewor. Multi-mode r.ilway system Safety and efficiency impr.vement

Meticulously engineer.d thr.e-dimensional-pr.nted scaffold with micr.ar.hitectur. and contr.lled peptide r.lease for.enhanced bone r.gener.tion

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Biomater.als Tr.nslational 2024年第1期5卷 69-83页

作者： Yang j. Fatima K. Zhou X. He C. Shanghai Engineer.ng r.sear.h Center.of Nano-Biomater.als and r.gener.tive Medicine College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China

The r.pair.of lar.e load-bear.ng bone defects r.quir.s super.or.mechanical str.ngth, a feat that a single hydr.gel scaffold cannot achieve. The obj.ctive is to seamlessly integr.te optimal micr.ar.hitectur., mechanical r.bustness, vascular.sation, and osteoinductive biological r.sponses to effectively addr.ss these cr.tical load-bear.ng bone defects. To confr.nt this challenge, thr.e-dimensional (3D) pr.nting technology was employed to pr.par. a polycapr.lactone (PCL)-based integr.ted scaffold. Within the voids of 3D pr.nted PCL scaffold, a methacr.late gelatin (GelMA)/methacr.lated silk fibr.in (SFMA) composite hydr.gel incor.or.ted with par.thyr.id hor.one (PTH) peptide-loaded mesopor.us silica nanopar.icles (PTH@MSNs) was embedded, evolving into a por.us PTH@MSNs/GelMA/SFMA/PCL (PM@GS/PCL) scaffold. The feasibility of fabr.cating this functional scaffold with a customised hier.r.hical str.ctur. was confir.ed thr.ugh meticulous chemical and physical char.cter.sation. Compr.ssion testing unveiled an impr.ssive modulus of 17.81 ± 0.83 MPa for.the composite scaffold. Additionally, in vitr. angiogenesis potential of PM@GS/ PCL scaffold was evaluated thr.ugh Tr.nswell and tube for.ation assays using human umbilical vein endothelium, r.vealing the super.or.cell migr.tion and tube networ. for.ation. The alizar.n r.d and alkaline phosphatase staining assays using bone mar.ow-der.ved mesenchymal stem cells clear.y illustr.ted r.bust osteogenic differ.ntiation pr.per.ies within this scaffold. Fur.her.or., the bone r.pair.potential of the scaffold was investigated on a r.t femor.l defect model using micr.-computed tomogr.phy and histological examination, demonstr.ting enhanced osteogenic and angiogenic per.or.ance. This study pr.sents a pr.mising str.tegy for.fabr.cating a micr.envir.nment-matched composite scaffold for.bone tissue engineer.ng, pr.viding a potential solution for.effective bone defect r.pair. © 2024, Chinese Medical Multimedia Pr.ss Co Ltd. All r.ghts r.ser.e

关键词： angiogenesis bone r.gener.tion methacr.lated gelatin methacr.lated silk fibr.in osteogenesis PTH