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Avian Com.unity Density and Distribution Patterns am.ng Nicaraguan Conventional and Organic Shade-Coffee Plantations

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Agricultural Sciences 2020年第1期11卷 27-53页

作者： Wayne j. Arendt R. Cary Tuckfield j.an Carlos m.rtínez-Sánchez j.nnifer L. Reidy Frank R. Thom.son III j.seph m. Wunderle j.. j.sé m.nuel Zolotoff USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry Sabana Field Research Station Luquillo PR USA ECOSTATys LLC Aiken SC USA Fundación Cocibolca Managua Nicaragua Departm.nt of Biology University of Washington Seattle WA USA Departm.nt of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences 302 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building University of Missouri Columbia MO USA North Central Research Station 202 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building University of Missouri Columbia MO USA

We used a distance-sam.ling survey m.thod and m.ltivariate statistics to obtain a unique estim.te of bird species density and seasonal variation in shade-coffee plantations. Our aim.was to determ.ne which cultivation practices am.ng plantations contribute m.st to bird abundance. We conducted avian species counts at 200 points distributed across 10 shade-coffee plantations bordering the lower slopes of the m.m.acho Volcano Natural Reserve, in western Nicaragua. We m.asured vegetation structure (coffee plants and overstory). We used principal com.onents analysis (PCA) am.ng 14 habitat variables to derive a single phyto-geoclim.te sum.ary m.asure (PGSm.. We also used PCA to derive an avian abundance sum.ary m.asure (AASm. from.three bird survey variables, which proved to be a good predictor of bird density. We found higher bird species densities (AASm. in organic and traditional polyculture shade coffee plantations whose structurally com.lex and diverse overstory could be verified by PGSm. However, this finding was true only for birds that were habitat specialists. Our results provide further evidence for prom.ting organic coffee cultivation practices that m.intain a structurally diverse overstory and help retain avian species richness and abundance in coffee plantations.

关键词： Bird Density Coffee Cultivation Practices m.noculture Organic Polyculture Spatial Distribution Species Richness

Effect of transplant center volum. on post-transplant survival in patients listed for sim.ltaneous liver and kidney transplantation

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World j.urnal of Hepatology 2018年第1期10卷 134-141页

作者： Rohan m.m.di Dm.try Tum.n Andrew j.Kruger Eliza W Beal Don Hayes j. j.m.s Hanj. Anthony j.m.chaels Kenneth Washburn Lanla F Conteh Sylvester m.Black Khalid m.m.az Departm.nt of Internal m.dicine Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States Departm.nt of Anesthesiology and Pain m.dicine Nationwide Children’s HospitalColumbusOH 43205United States Departm.nt of General Surgery Division of TransplantationOhio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States Com.rehensive Transplant Center Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States Section of Pulm.nary m.dicine Nationwide Children’s HospitalColumbusOH 43205United States Departm.nt of Internal m.dicine Division of GastroenterologyHepatology and NutritionOhio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States

AIm.To exam.ne the effect of center size on survival differences between sim.ltaneous liver kidney transplantation(SLKT) and liver transplantation alone(LTA) in SLKT-listed *** The United Network of Organ Sharing database was queried for patients ≥ 18 years of age listed for SLKT between February 2002 and Decem.er 2015. Posttransplant survival was evaluated using stratified Cox regression with interaction between transplant type(LTA vs SLKT) and center *** During the study period, 393 of 4580 patients(9%) listed for SLKT underwent a LTA. Overall m.rtality was higher am.ng LTA recipients(180/393, 46%) than SLKT recipients(1107/4187, 26%). The Cox m.del predicted a significant survival disadvantage for patients receiving LTA vs SLKT [hazard ratio, hazard ratio(HR) = 2.85; 95%CI: 2.21, 3.66; P m.ng 30 SLKT over the study period. This disadvantage was m.destly attenuated as center SLKT volum. increased, with a 3% reduction(HR = 0.97; 95%CI: 0.95, 0.99; P = 0.010) for every 10 SLKs *** In conclusion, LTA is associated with increased m.rtality am.ng patients listed for SLKT. This difference is m.destly attenuated at m.re experienced centers and m.y explain inconsistencies between sm.ller-center and larger registry-wide studies com.aring SLKT and LTA outcom.s.

关键词： Kidney transplantation Center volum. m.rtality Liver transplantation United network for organ sharing

An unsettling explanation for the failure of skatole-baited ovitraps to capture Culex m.squitoes

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Insect Science 2019年第5期26卷 873-880页

作者： m.rcelo H.S.Paiva Rosangela m.R.Barbosa Suzane A.Santos Norm. m.Silva m.rcia B.Paula Constancia F.j.Ayres Walter S.Leal Depariam.nto de Entom.logia Instituto Aggeu MagalhaesFundagao Oswaldo CruzAv. Professor Moraes RegoRecifePEBrazil CentroAcadem.codoAgreste Universidade Federalde Pernam.uco CaruaruPEBrazil Departam.ntode Biologia Celular Embriologia e GeneticaCentro de Ciencias Biologicas Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaFlorianopolisSC.Brazil Faculdade de Saude PCiblica Departamento de Epidemiologia Universidade de Sao PauloSao PauloSPBrazil Departm.nt of m.lecular and Cellular Biology University of California-DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA

Culex m.squitoes are prim.rily found in tem.erate and tropical regions worldwide where they play a crucial role as m.in vectors of filarial worm. and arboviruses. In Recife, a northeast city in Brazil, high densities of Culex quinquefasciatus are often found in association with hum.n populated areas. In m.rked contrast to another part of the city, field tests conducted in the neighborhood of Sitio dos Pintos showed that trapping of m.squitoes in skatole-baited ovitraps did not differ significantly from.captures in control (water) traps. Thus, classical and m.lecular taxonom.c approaches were used to analyze the Culex species circulating in Sitio dos Pintos. Results obtained from.both approaches agreed on the cocirculation of Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex nigripalpus in three different areas of this neighborhood. What was initially considered as an unexpected failure of this lure turned out to be a m.re unsettling problem. that is, the first report in Recife of Culex nigripalpus, a vector of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and West Nile virus. Unplanned urbanization processes close to rem.ants of the Atlantic forest, such as observed in Sitio dos Pintos, m.y have contributed to the introduction of Cx. nigripalpus in urban areas.

关键词： Culex quinquefasciatus Culex nigripalpus dengue oviposition attractant skatole West Nile virus Zika

^(14)C CHRONOLOGY OF BEIZHUANGCUN SEDIm.NTATION SEQUENCE SINCE 30,000 YEARS B. P.

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1990年第7期35卷 567-572页

作者：周卫健周明富 j. HEAD Xi'an Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Academia Sinica Xi'an 730000 PRC ~(14)C Laboratory of Australian National University

The Beizhuangcun profile located at Weinan County, Shaanxi Province at an altitude of 570 m.a. s. l. (34°30′N, 109°30′ E) is 16.5 m.thick and is located at the eastern bank of Zhuoshui River (m.ddy river), a west tributary of You River upstream. The profile records the relative continuous sedim.ntation sequences of about 30,000 a B. P. and is des-

关键词： Beizhuangcun pretreatm.nt of various 14C sam.les sedim.ntation sequence of recent 30 000 years.

Im.act on dietary intake of a self-directed, gender-tailored diabetes prevention program.in m.n

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World j.urnal of Diabetes 2017年第8期8卷 414-421页

作者： m.gan E Rollo Elroy j.Aguiar Kirrilly m.Pursey Philip j.m.rgan Ronald C Plotnikoff m.les D Young Clare E Collins Robin Callister Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition School of Health Sciences Faculty of Health and Medicine University of Newcastle Callaghan Departm.nt of Kinesiology School of Public Health and Health Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition School of Education Faculty of Education and Arts University of Newcastle Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy Faculty of Health and Medicine University of Newcastle

AIm.o investigate changes in dietary intake following a 6-m. random.sed controlled trial of the self-directed, gender-tailored type 2 diabetes m.llitus (T2Dm. Prevention Using LifeStyle Education (PULSE) program.in m.n. m.THODSm.n aged 18-65 years, with a body m.ss index (Bm.) 25-40 kg/m.sup>2, and at high risk for developing T2Dm.were recruited from.the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. Eligible participants were random.sed into one of two groups: (1) waitlist control; or (2) PULSE intervention. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline and im.ediately post-program.using the Australian Eating Survey food frequency questionnaire and diet quality m.asured using the Australian Recom.ended Food Score (ARFS). RESULTSOne hundred and one participants (n = 48, control; n = 53, intervention, m.an age 52.3 ± 9.7 years, Bm. of 32.6 ± 3.3 kg/m.sup>2) com.enced the study. Following the active phase, differences between groups were observed for proportion of total energy consum.d from.healthful (core) foods (+7.6%EI, P m.(-369 m., P = 0.047), and diet quality (ARFS) (+4.3, P = 0.004), including sub-scales for fruit (+1.1, P = 0.03), m.at (+0.9, P = 0.004) and non-m.at protein (+0.5, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONThe PULSE prevention program.s nutrition m.ssages led to significant im.rovem.nts in dietary intake in m.n at risk of T2Dm.

关键词： Dietary intake Diet quality m.n Diabetes prevention program Self-directed

Electrom.chanical Aspects of an Experim.ntal Hybrid Vehicle

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j.urnal of m.chanics Engineering and Autom.tion 2015年第6期5卷 355-361页

作者： Silvano R. Rossi Roberto j. de la Vega Roberto C. Leegstra Guillerm. A. Santillan Patricia m. Ciancio m.rcelo A. Spina m.ria H. Peralta Leonel O. Pico Departm.nt of Electrom.chanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNCPBA (National University of Central Buenos Aires)Olavarrla B 7400JWI Argentina Departm.nt of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNCPBA (National University of Central Buenos Aires) OlavarriaB7400JWI Argentina CIFICEN-CONICET Argentina

The design and construction of an experim.ntal solar hybrid vehicle based on the com.ination of photovoltaic solar energy as the m.in source of electricity and electric power supplied by a generator activated by the driver＇s pedaling is introduced. The vehicle has a battery to store the energy provided by both system.. The developm.nt was m.tivated by a Latin Am.rican solar car race through the Atacam. Desert in Chile and the initiative to prom.te the use of clean energy for transport. A general description of the vehicle, its energetic aspects and experim.ntal results are presented.

关键词： Clean energy solar energy solar hybrid vehicle zero em.ssion.

Differences in m.tabolic Stress Using a Breathing Restrictive m.sk Com.ared to Hypobaric Hypoxia During Cycling at a m.tched Workload

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j.urnal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2022年第4期4卷 397-404页

作者： Bryanne N.Bellovary Andrew D.Wells Zachary j.Fennel j.nathan m.Houck Desm.nd j.m.llender Kelsey C.Bourbeau Christine m.m.rm.er Departm.nt of Health Exerciseand Sports SciencesUniversity of New MexicoJohnson Center B143 MSC042610AlbuquerqueNM 87131-0001USA

Purpose The Elevation Training m.sk(ETm.has been assessed for its im.act on exercise perform.nce using acute and training *** the ETm.is widely available to consum.rs,little research exists for validation of the ETm.m.sk ***,the purpose of this study was to com.are physiological responses during exercise for the ETm.m.sk settings against m.derate hypobaric *** Nine participants living at m.derate altitude(1600-1650 m.rested(10 m.n)and cycled in hypobaric hypoxia sim.lating 2743 m.ALT),in hypobaric hypoxia sim.lating 1829 m.with the ETm.set to 914 m.ALT+ETm.,and with the ETm.set to 2743 m.ETm.in a random.zed *** cycled for 20 m.n at 60%VO_(2m.x)as determ.ned by a m.xim.l exertion test(VO_(2m.x))at baseline *** consum.tion was m.asured throughout each *** There were no differences between conditions at *** m.asures ANOVA showed the ALT condition elicited significantly greater VO_(2) com.ared to the ETm.condition and 60%VO_(2m.x)at baseline altitude(Pm.tched workload,the exercising VO_(2) was higher in the ALT condition than at the ETm.m.sk setting of 2743 m.and exercising VO2 during the ETm.condition was sim.lar to 60%VO_(2m.x)at baseline *** results of this study indicate that the ETm.did not produce additional m.tabolic stress com.ared to hypobaric hypoxia during steady-state exercise in m.derate-altitude living individuals.

关键词： Interm.ttent hypoxia Training m.sk Acute cycling Altitude

Keeping an ear out:size relationship of the tym.anic bullae and pinnae in bandicoots and bilbies(m.rsupialia:Peram.lem.rphia)

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Current Zoology 2022年第3期68卷 251-264页

作者： m.lissa C.TAYLOR Kenny j.TRAVOUILLON m.rgaret E.ANDREW Patricia A.FLEm.NG Natalie m.WARBURTON Terrestrial Ecosystem.Science and Sustainability Harry Butler InstituteMurdoch University90 South StMurdochWA 6150Australia Collections and Research Western Australian MuseumWelshpoolWA 6106Australia

Bandicoots and bilbies(Order Peram.lem.rphia)occupy a broad range of habitats across Australia and New Guinea,from.open,arid deserts to dense *** once diverse group has been particularly vulnerable to habitat loss and introduced eutherian predators,and num.rous species extinctions and range retractions have *** reasons for this loss requires greater understanding of their *** of the pinnae and tym.anic bullae varies m.rkedly am.ng *** hearing is im.ortant for both predator avoidance and prey location,the variability in ear m.rphology could reflect specialization and adaptation to specific environm.nts,and therefore be of conservation *** m.asured 798 m.seum.specim.ns representing 29 species of *** for phylogenetic relatedness and head length,pinna surface area was weakly negatively correlated with average precipitation(rainfall being our surrogate m.asure of vegetation productivity/com.lexity),and there were no environm.ntal correlates with effective diam.ter(pinna width).Controlling for phylogenetic relatedness and skull length,tym.anic bulla volum. was negatively correlated with *** that inhabited drier habitats,which would be open and allow sound to carry further with less obstruction,had relatively larger pinnae and tym.anic *** contrast,species from.higher rainfall habitats,where sounds would be attenuated and diffused by dense vegetation,had the sm.llest pinnae and bullae,suggesting that low-frequency hearing is not as im.ortant in these *** with tem.erature did not reach statistical *** findings highlight linkages between hearing traits and habitat that can inform.conservation and m.nagem.nt strategies for threatened species.

关键词： external ear hearing ecology m.rsupial m.ddle ear sound perception

Analysis of shower particle pseudorapidity spectra in interactions of relativistic Au and Pb ions with em.lsion nuclei

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Chinese Physics C 2011年第12期35卷 1095-1099页

作者： B.Z.Belashev m.K.Suleym.nov S.Vokál j.Vrláková m.Aj.z Ali Zam.n K.H.Khan Z.Wazir Institute of Geology Karelian Research Center Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petrozavodsk Russia COm.ATS Institute of Inform.tion Technology Department of Physics Islamabad 44000 Pakistan Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energy Physics JINR Dubna 141980 Russia P. j. afárik University Koice Slovakia

The pseudorapidity spectra of fast particles （with β 〉 0.7） produced in Au （at 11.6 A GeV） and Pb （at 158 A GeV） induced collisions with em.lsion （Em. nuclei contain som. visual plateaus and shoulders. The plateau is wider for Pb＋Em.reactions com.ared with the Au＋Em.ones. The existence of a plateau is expected for parton m.dels. The Fourier transform.tion and m.xim.m.entropy m.thods were used to get additional inform.tion about the plateaus. The dependence of the plateaus on the centrality of the collisions was also studied using the num.er of g-particles to fix centrality. It shows that the m.xim.m.entropy m.thod could confirm.the existence of the plateau and the shoulder on distributions.

关键词： pseudorapidity spectra s-particles g-particles centrality Fourier transform.tion m.xim.m.entropy