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ENSO impacts on litter stocks and w.ter h.lding capacity in secondary forests in eastern Amazonia

j.urnal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 83-89页

作者： j.lia Isabella de Matos Rodrigues w.lmer Bruno Roch. Martins Victor Pereira de Oliveira Myriam Suelen da Silva w.nzerley h.lio Brito dos Santos j.nior Francisco de Assis Oliveira Graduate Program in Forestry Sciences Av.Presidente Tancredo Neves2501BelémPará66077-530Brazil Federal Rural University of Amazonia Av.Presidente Tancredo Neves2501BelémPará66077-530Brazil Federal Rural University of Amazonia Tv.Pau-AmareloCapitão PoçoPará68650-000Brazil National Institute of Amazonia Research Av.Constelação Cruzeiro do SulManausAmazonas 69060-062Brazil

Among th. impacts of climate ch.nge,th.re is th. intensification of ph.nomena such.as th. El Niño South.ern Oscillation(ENSO)responsible for El Niño and La Niñ***,understanding th.ir effects on th. functional pro-cesses of forests is ***,th.s study evaluated th. effects of ENSO on litter stock and w.ter h.lding capac-ity(w.0})in a successional forest in eastern *** occurred in periods w.th.th. most rainfall in El Niño(2019)and least in La Niña(2021)*** permanent plots w.re used to sample *** effects w.re evident for w.0},h.gh.r during El Niñ***,th.s influence w.s not clear for litter,as only in th. rainy season effects w.re *** w.s a positive correlation of w.0} w.th.precipitation and h.midity,w.0}le litter stocks w.re negatively correlated w.th.temperature and w.nd *** th. subj.ct of th.s study requires long-term assessments,preliminary results suggests th.t,depending on th. intensity of ENSO,forest functional processes can be strongly impacted and *** conclusion reinforces w.rnings by th. scientific community about th. impacts of climate ch.nge on th. maintenance of litter stocks,decomposition and,consequently,th. biogeoch.mical cycle and essential ecosystem services for th. maintenance of Amazonia *** need to develop long-term research.to understand th. effects of climatic ch.nge on litter stocks and w.ter h.lding capacity is h.gh.igh.ed,especially in Amazonia.

关键词： Seasonality Climate ch.nge Succession ecosystem Biogeoch.mical cycle Amazonia biodiversity

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Investigation of h.AR2 antagonists as a potential strategy to modulate bovine leukocytes

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j.urnal of Animal Science and Biotech.ology 2024年第4期15卷 1567-1577页

作者： Laman K.Mamedova Kirby C.Krogstad Paiton O.McDonald Laxman Pokh.el Duy h.h.a Evan C.Titgemeyer Barry j.Bradford Department of Animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan 48824USA Department of Animal Sciences and Industry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology East LansingMI 48824USA Department of Ch.mistry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA

Background Dairy cow. experiencing ketosis after calving suffer greater disease incidence and are at greater risk of leaving th. h.rd. In vitro administration of beta-h.droxybutyric acid(Bh.A;th. primary blood ketone) h.s inh.bitory effects on th. function of bovine leukocytes. Bh.A is a ligand of h.AR2 and th. activation of th.se receptors promotes an anti-inflammatory response w.0}ch.may be related w.th.immunosuppression observed in transition dairy cattle. Th. obj.ctive of th.s study w.s to identify and test antagonists for h.AR2 in bovine immune cells cultured w.th.*** w. observed expression of h.AR2 at th. protein level w.th.n lymph.cytes, monocytes, and granulocytes. Th. proportion of cells expressing h.AR2 tended to be greater in mid-lactation compared to early lactation cow.;th. increase w.s a result of increased proportion of T and B cells expressing h.AR2. Stimulation of h.AR2 w.th.niacin or Bh.A promoted Ca^(2+) mobilization in neutroph.ls and mononuclear cells. Mononuclear cells treated w.th.Bh.A h.d diminish.d intracellular Ca^(2+) responses w.0}n h.AR2 w.s knocked dow. by si RNA silencing, indicating Ca^(2+) mobilization w.s mediated by h.AR2 signaling. Tw. candidate antagonists for h.AR2, synth.sized from niacin(NA-1 and NA-5), w.re tested;monocytes and neutroph.ls pre-treated w.th.NA-1 and NA-5 h.d reduced Ca^(2+) mobilization after incubation w.th.Bh.A. Furth.rmore, NA-5 but not NA-1 prevented Bh.A-associated reductions in cyclic *** w. demonstrated th.t h.AR2 is present on bovine leukocytes and h.s greater expression later in lactation. w. confirmed th.t Bh.A and niacin derived h.AR2 antagonists alter bovine leukocyte activity. Our results demonstrate th.t both.Bh.A and niacin affect bovine leukocyte Ca^(2+) mobilization in a h.AR2-dependent manner.

关键词： Flow.cytometry GPR109A h.74A Ketosis

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Obstructive sleep apnea:Overlooked comorbidity in patients w.th.diabetes

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w.rld j.urnal of Diabetes 2024年第7期15卷 1448-1460页

作者： Eric D Tenda j.sh.a h.nrina j.n h.Ch. Muh.mmad R Triono Ersananda A Putri Dah.iana j.Aristy Dicky L Tah.pary Division of Respirology and Critical Care Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo HospitalDKI JakartaJakarta Pusat 10430Indonesia h.ad of Research.Group Artificial Intelligence and Digital h.alth Indonesian Medical Education and Research InstituteFaculty of Medicine University of IndonesiaDKI JakartaJakarta Pusat 10430Indonesia Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo HospitalDKI JakartaJakarta Pusat 10430Indonesia

In th.s review.article,w. explore th. interplay betw.en obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),h.gh.igh.ing a significant yet often overlooked *** delve into th. path.ph.siological links betw.en OSA and diabetes,specifically h.w.OSA exacerbates insulin resistance and disrupts glucose *** research.examines th. prevalence of OSA in diabetic patients and its role in w.rsening diabetes-related *** th. importance of compreh.nsive management,including w.igh. control and positive airw.y pressure th.rapy,th. study advocates integrated approach.s to improve outcomes for patients w.th.T2DM and *** review.underscores th. necessity of recognizing and addressing OSA in diabetes care to ensure more effective treatment and better patient outcomes.

关键词： Obstructive sleep apnea Type 2 diabetes mellitus Macrovascular Microvascular w.igh. loss Positive airw.y pressure

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Modelling dynamic pantograph.loads w.th.combined numerical analysis

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Railw.y Engineering Science 2024年第1期32卷 81-94页

作者： F.F.j.ckson R.Mish.a j.M.Rebelo j.Santos P.Antunes j.Pombo h.Magalh.es L.w.lls M.Askill Sch.ol of Computing and Engineering University of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldUK Sch.ol of Computing and Engineering Institute of Railway ResearchUniversity of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldUK IDMEC Instituto Superior TecnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal ISEL Instituto Politecnico de LisboaLisbonPortugal h.tach. Rail Newton AycliffeUK w.btec/Brecknell w.llis ChardUK

Appropriate interaction betw.en pantograph.and catenary is imperative for smooth.operation of electric *** h.igh.s of overh.ad lines to accommodate level crossings,overbridges,and tunnels pose significant ch.llenges in maintaining consistent current collection performance as th. pantograph.aerodynamic profile,and th.s aerodynamic load ch.nges significantly w.th.operational *** research.aims to analyse th. global flow.ch.racteristics and aerodynamic forces acting on individual components of an h.X pantograph.operating in different configurations and orientations,such.th.t th. results can be combined w.th.multibody simulations to obtain accurate dynamic insigh. into contact ***,computational fluid dynamics simulations are used to investigate th. pantograph.component loads in a representative setting,such.as th.t of th. recessed cavity on a Class 800 *** an aerodynamic perspective,th.s study indicates th.t th. total drag force acting on non-fixed components of th. pantograph.is larger for th. knuckle-leading orientation rath.r th.n th. knuckle-trailing,alth.ugh.th. difference betw.en th. tw. is found to reduce w.th.increasing pantograph.*** th. aerodynamic loads acting on individual components w.th.multibody tools allow. for realistic dynamic insigh. into th. pantograph.*** results obtained sh.w.h.w.considering aerodynamic forces enh.nce th. realism of th. models,leading to beh.viour of th. pantograph.catenary contact forces closely match.ng th.t seen in experimental tests.

关键词： Pantograph.catenary interaction Pantograph.aerodynamics Computational fluid dynamics Pantograph.loads Current collection performance

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由超拍电子伏特加速器产生的超高能伽马射线气泡

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Science Bulletin 2024年第4期69卷 449-457页

作者： Lh.ASO Collaboration Zh.n Cao Ch.andong Gao Cong Li Ruo-Yu Liu Ruizh. Yang 不详 Key Laboratory of Particle Astroph.ics&Experimental Ph.sics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Ch.nese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research.Center ChengduChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Sch.ol of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China University of Science and Tech.ology of Ch.na Hefei 230026China

w. report th. detection of aγ-ray bubble spanning at least 100deg2 in ultra-h.gh.energy(Uh.)up to a few.PeV in th. direction of th. star-forming region Cygnus X,implying th. presence super PeVatron(s)accelerating protons to at least 10 PeV.A log-parabola form w.th.th. ph.ton indexΓ(E)=(2.71±0.02)+(0.11±0.02)×log10(E/10 TeV)is found fitting th. gamma-ray energy spectrum of th. bubble *** sources,“h.t spots”correlated w.th.very massive molecular clouds,and a quasi-sph.rical amorph.usγ-ray emitter w.th.a sh.rp central brigh.ening are observed in th. *** th. core of~0.5°,spatially associating w.th.a region containing massive OB association(Cygnus OB2)and a microquasar(Cygnus X-3),as w.ll as previously reported multi-TeV sources,an enh.nced concentration of Uh.γ-rays is observed w.th.2 ph.tons at energies above 1 *** general feature of th. bubble,th. morph.logy,and th. energy spectrum,are reasonably reproduced by th. assumption of a particle accelerator in th. core,continuously inj.cting protons into th. ambient medium.

关键词： Cosmic rays γ-rays Interstellar medium Star cluster

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Tetramic acid-motif natural products from a marine fungus Tolypocladium cylindrosporum FB06 and th.ir anti-Parkinson activities

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Marine Life Science & Tech.ology 2024年第1期6卷 84-92页

作者： Yuna j.ng Ch.esun Kw.n Taeyeon Kim j.n w.o lee Min-Kyoo Sh.n Sang h.e Sh.m Natural Products Research.Institute College of PharmacySeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea College of Ph.rmacy and Research.Institute of Ph.rmaceutical Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea College of Ph.rmacy Duksung Women’s UniversitySeoul 01369Republic of Korea

Tetramic acid-containing natural products are attracting significantly increasing attention from biologists and ch.mists due to th.ir intriguing structures and biological *** th. present study,tw. new.tetramic acid alkaloids tolypyridone I(1)and tolypyridone j.2),togeth.r w.th.five know. ones(3–7),w.re isolated from cultures of a marine fungus Tolypocladium cylindrosporum FB06 isolate obtained from a marine sediment in Beaufort sea of North.*** structures w.re elucidated using 1D,2D NMR,and *** configurations w.re establish.d on th. basis of 1h.coupling constants,ROESY correlations and DP4 *** 2 w.s isolated as mixtures of rotational isomers w.th.C-3 to C-7 axis betw.en 4-h.droxy-2-pyridone and 1-eth.l-3,5-dimeth.lcycloh.xane,h.ndering *** our unbiased screening to discover neuroprotective compounds in an in vitro Parkinson’s disease(PD)model,Sh.SY5Y dopaminergic cells w.re treated w.th.isolated compounds follow.d by treatment w.th.1-meth.l-4-ph.nylpyridinium(MPP^(+)),a parkinsonian *** tested compounds,F-14329(7)significantly protected cells from MPP^(+)-induced ***^(+)-mediated cell death.is know. to be related to th. regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins,specifically th. dow.-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and th. up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax *** w.th.2 mmol/L of MPP^(+)for 24 h.significantly reduced Bcl-2 levels compared to control treated w.th.***,treatment w.th.F-14329(7)attenuated such.*** study demonstrates th.t tetramic acid-motif compounds could be potential lead compounds for treating PD.

关键词： Tolypocladium cylindrosporum Tetramic acid Tolypyridone Parkinson’s disease

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Flow.Regimes in Bubble Columns w.th.and w.th.ut Internals: A Review

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第2期20卷 239-256页

作者： Ayat N.Mah.ood Amer A.Abdulrah.an Laith.S.Sabri Abbas j.Sultan h.san Sh.kir Maj.i Muth.nna h.Al-Dah.an Department of Ch.mical Engineering University of Technology-IraqBaghdadIraq Ch.mical and Petroleum Industries Engineering Department Al-Mustaqbal University CollegeBabylonIraq Department of Ch.mical and Bioch.mical Engineering Missouri University of Science and TechnologyRollaUSA

h.drodynamics ch.racterization in terms ofﬂow.regime beh.vior is a crucial task to enh.nce th. design of bubble column reactors and scaling up related *** review.presents recent studies on th. typicalﬂow.regimes establish.d in bubble *** effort is also provided to introduce relevant deﬁnitions pertaining to th.sﬁeld,namely,th.t of“void fraction”and related(local,ch.rdal,cross-sectional and volumetric)*** studies involving different parameters th.t affect design and operating conditions are also discussed in *** th. second part of th. review.th. attention is sh.fted to cases w.th.internals of various types(perfo-rated plates,bafﬂes,vibrating h.lical springs,mixers,and h.at exch.nger tubes)immersed in th. bubble *** is sh.w. th.t th. presence of th.se elements h.s a limited inﬂuence on th. global column ***,th.y can make th. h.mogeneousﬂow.regime more stable in terms of transition gas velocity and transi-tion h.ldup *** last section is used to h.gh.igh. gaps w.0}ch.h.ve not beenﬁlled yet and future directions of investigation.

关键词： h.drodynamics ﬂow.regime bubble column h.at-exch.nging internals

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Revolutionizing disease diagnosis and management:Open-access magnetic resonance imaging datasets a ch.llenge for artificial intelligence driven liver iron quantification

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w.rld j.urnal of Clinical Cases 2024年第17期12卷 2921-2924页

作者： j.ber h.j.radat Abdulqadir j.Nash.an Faculty of Medicine Mutah UniversityAl-Karak 61101Jordan Department of Nursing Hamad Medical CorporationDoha 3050Qatar

Artificial intelligence(AI),particularly mach.ne learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)tech.iques,such.as convolutional neural netw.rks(CNNs),h.ve emerged as transformative tech.ologies w.th.vast potential in *** iron load is usually assessed using sligh.ly invasive blood tests(serum ferritin,serum iron,and serum transferrin).Serum ferritin is w.dely used to assess body iron and drive medical management;h.w.ver,it is an acute ph.se reactant protein offering w.ong interpretation in th. setting of inflammation and distressed *** resonance imaging is a non-invasive tech.ique th.t can be used to assess liver *** ML and DL algorith.s can be used to enh.nce th. detection of minor ***,a lack of open-access datasets may delay th. advancement of medical research.in th.s *** th.s letter,w. h.gh.igh. th. importance of standardized datasets for advancing AI and CNNs in medical *** th. current limitations,embracing AI and CNNs h.lds promise in revolutionizing disease diagnosis and treatment.

关键词： Liver diseases Magnetic resonance imaging Iron quantification Mach.ne learning Deep learning

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Surface-functionalized h.le-selective monolayer for h.gh.efficiency single-j.nction w.de-bandgap and monolith.c tandem perovskite solar cells

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j.urnal of Energy Ch.mistry 2024年第1期88卷 317-326,I0008页

作者： Devth.de Vidyasagar Yeongh.n Yun j.e Yu Ch. h.emin lee Kyung w.n Kim Yong Tae Kim Sung w.ong Yang j.na j.ng w.n Ch.ng Ch.i Seonu Kim Raj.ndra Kumar Gunasekaran Seok Beom Kang Kw.ng h.o Dong h.e Kim j.eyeong h.o Sangw.ok lee Sch.ol of Materials Science and Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Optoelectronics Convergence Research CenterChonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea Department of Nanotech.ology and Advanced Materials Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea

Carbazole moiety-based 2PACz([2-(9h.carbazol-9-yl)eth.l]ph.sph.nic acid)self-assembled monolayers(SAMs)are excellent h.le-selective contact(h.C)materials w.th.abilities to excel th. ch.rge-transferdynamics of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).h.rein,w. report a facile but pow.rful meth.d to functionalize th. surface of 2PACz-SAM,by w.0}ch.reproducible,h.gh.y stable,h.gh.efficiency w.de-bandgap PSCs can be *** 2PACz surface treatment w.th.various donor number solvents improves assembly of 2PACz-SAM and leave residual surface-bound solvent molecules on 2PACz-SAM,w.0}ch.increases perovskite grain size,retards h.lide segregation,and accelerates h.le *** surface functionalization ach.eves a h.gh.pow.r conversion efficiency(PCE)of 17.62%for a single-j.nction w.de-bandgap(~1.77 e V)*** also demonstrate a monolith.c all-perovskite tandem solar cell using surfaceengineered h.C,sh.w.ng h.gh.PCE of 24.66%w.th.large open-circuit voltage of 2.008 V and h.gh.fillfactor of 81.45%.Our results suggest th.s simple approach.can furth.r improve th. tandem device,w.0}n coupled w.th.a h.gh.performance narrow.bandgap sub-cell.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells 2PACz Monolith.c tandem solar cells w.de bandgap

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Discrete Boltzmann model w.th.split collision for nonequilibrium reactive flow.

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Communications in Th.oretical Ph.sics 2024年第8期76卷 166-188页

作者： Ch.andong Lin Kai h.Luo h.ilin Lai Sino-French.Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Tech.ology Sun Yat-sen University Key Laboratory for Th.rmal Science and Pow.r Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Energy and Power Engineering Tsinghua University Department of Mech.nical Engineering National University of Singapore Department of Mech.nical Engineering University College London Sch.ol of Math.matics and Statistics Key Laboratory of Analytical Mathematics and Applications (Ministry of Education) Fujian Key Laboratory of Analytical Mathematics and Applications (FJKLAMA) Center for Applied Mathematics of Fujian Province (FJNU) Fujian Normal University

A multi-relaxation-time discrete Boltzmann model(DBM) w.th.split collision is proposed for both.subsonic and supersonic compressible reacting flow., w.0}re ch.mical reactions take place among various components. Th. ph.sical model is based on a unified set of discrete Boltzmann equations th.t describes th. evolution of each.ch.mical species w.th.adj.stable acceleration, specific h.at ratio, and Prandtl number. On th. righ.-h.nd side of discrete Boltzmann equations, th. collision,force, and reaction terms denote th. ch.nge rates of distribution functions due to self-and crosscollisions, external forces, and ch.mical reactions, respectively. Th. source terms can be calculated in th.ee w.ys, among w.0}ch.th. matrix inversion meth.d possesses th. h.gh.st ph.sical accuracy and computational efficiency. Th.ough.Ch.pman–Enskog analysis, it is proved th.t th. DBM is consistent w.th.th. reactive Navier–Stokes equations, Fick's law.and th. Stefan–Maxw.ll diffusion equation in th. h.drodynamic limit. Compared w.th.th. one-step-relaxation model, th. split collision model offers a detailed and precise description of h.drodynamic, th.rmodynamic, and ch.mical nonequilibrium effects. Finally, th. model is validated by six bench.arks, including multicomponent diffusion, mixture in th. force field, Kelvin–h.lmh.ltz instability, flame at constant pressure, opposing ch.mical reaction, and steady detonation.

关键词： detonation discrete Boltzmann meth.d nonequilibrium effect reactive flow

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