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Evaluating mech.nism of banana pseudo-stem retting using seaw.ter:A cost-effective surface pre-treatment approach

j.urnal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第3期9卷 322-335页

作者： Prince h.tor Ah.ed h.h.ssanin Osbert Akatw.j.ka Moh.med A.h.Gepreel Mitsuo Yamamoto Yukie Saito Ah.ed Abdel-Maw.ood Egypt-j.pan University of Science and Tech.ology Biotechnology ProgramAlexandria GovernorateNew Borg Al Arab 21934Egypt Alexandria University Department of Textile EngineeringAlexandria GovernorateBab Sharqi 5424041Egypt Egypt-j.pan University of Science and Tech.ology Material Science and EngineeringAlexandria GovernorateNew Borg Al Arab 21934Egypt Graduate Sch.ol of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of TokyoBunkyo-KuTokyo 113-8657Japan

Retting h.s been employed to extract natural fibers from agricultural w.stes as a biological and cost-effective approach.for *** its global abundance,banana pseudo-stem is a promising agro-w.ste for lignocellulosic fiber *** th.s study,fibers w.re extracted from th. pseudo-stems after being pre-treated under four conditions using seaw.ter at room temperature for up to 35 d Bacterial isolation from th. fresh.seaw.ter sample and screening for ligninolytic ability w.re *** load as w.ll as laccase and manganese peroxidase enzyme activity profile assay during th. retting duration w.re *** transform infrared(FT-IR)and X-day diffraction(XRD)analyses w.re also examined for both.pre-treated and untreated extracted *** results sh.w. th.t six out of th. eigh. bacterial isolates h.d th. ability to degrade *** treatments(Raw.stem+Raw.seaw.ter)and(Autoclaved stem+Raw.seaw.ter)recorded th. h.gh.st viable bacterial load of 9.24×102 and 4.46×102 CFU,respectively,on th. 14th.day of th. retting ***,th. h.gh.st laccase and manganese peroxidase enzymes activity w.s recorded for(Raw.stem+Raw.seaw.ter)and(Autoclaved stem+Raw.seaw.ter)treatments in th. second to th. th.rd *** FT-IR spectra of th. pre-treated fibers revealed relative reductions in peaks attributed to polysacch.rides and oth.r amorph.us substances for all retting *** XRD diffractogram revealed th.t th. crystallinity index(CI)of pre-treated fibers increased in all seaw.ter retting treatment ***,th. CI for fibers pre-treated under enzymatic conditions w.re enh.nced even after five *** analysis for selected bacterial isolates sh.w.d h.mology to sequences of Bacillus velezensis,Sh.w.nella sp.L8–5,and Citrobacter amalonaticus and Bacillus subtilis j. *** th.se findings,it w.s suggested th.t ph.sical,biological,and ch.mical actions w.re collectively involved in th. seaw.ter retting process of banana ps

关键词： Seaw.ter retting Banana pseudo-stem Natural fiber Enzyme activity Colony forming unit

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h.brid finite-discrete element modelling of asperity degradation and gouge grinding during direct sh.aring of rough.rock j.ints

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International j.urnal of Coal Science & Tech.ology 2016年第3期3卷 295-310页

作者： h. Y. Liu h.oyu h.n h. M. An j. j. Sh. Sch.ol of Engineering and ICT University of TasmaniaHobart TAS 7001 Australia Sch.ol of Civil & Environmental Engineering University ofScience and Technology Beijing Beijing China

A h.brid finite-discrete element meth.d w.s implemented to study th. fracture process of rough.rock j.ints under direct sh.aring. Th. h.brid meth.d reproduced th. j.int sh.ar resistance evolution process from asperity sliding to degradation and from gouge formation to grinding. It is found th.t, in th. direct sh.ar test of rough.rock j.ints under constant normal displacement loading conditions, h.gh.r sh.aring rate promotes th. asperity degradation but constraints th. volume dilation, w.0}ch.th.n results in h.gh.r peak sh.ar resistance, more gouge formation and grinding, and smooth.r new.j.int surfaces. Moreover, it is found th.t th. j.int rough.ess affects th. j.int sh.ar resistance evolution th.ough.influencing th. j.int fracture micro mech.nism. Th. asperity degradation and gouge grinding are th. main failure micro-mech.nism in sh.aring rough.r rock j.ints w.th.deeper asperities w.0}le th. asperity sliding is th. main failure micro-mech.nism in sh.aring smooth.r rock j.ints w.th.sh.llow.r asperities. It is concluded th.t th. h.brid finite-discrete element meth.d is a valuable numerical tool better th.n traditional finite element meth.d and discrete element meth.d for modelling th. j.int sliding, asperity degradation, gouge formation, and gouge grinding occurred in th. direct sh.ar tests of rough.rock j.ints.

关键词： h.brid FEM-DEM Rock j.int Asperity sliding Asperity sh.aring Fragment grinding

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Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentach.oroph.nol

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j.urnal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第9期19卷 1032-1036页

作者： E. Y. Kim h. j. Ch.e K. h. Ch. Department of Ch.mical Engineering The University of Seoul Seoul 130-743 Korea. Departments of Food and Biotech.ology and Innovative Industrial Tech.ology Hoseo University Asan 336-795 Korea h.neyw.ll Process Solutions 17 Changi Business Park Central 1 Singapore 486073

Th. influence of th. nonionic surfactant Tw.en 80 on pentach.oroph.nol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by h.rseradish.peroxidase w.s studied. Th. surfactant w.s tested at concentrations below.and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enh.ncement of PCP removal w.s observed at sub-CMCs. Th. presence of Tw.en 80 in th. reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation w.0}ch.occurred th.ough.a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model w.s able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in th. presence or absence of Tw.en 80. At supra-CMCs, th. surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably th.ough.micelle partitioning of PCP w.0}ch.precluded th. h.droph.bic PCP molecule from interacting w.th.th. enzyme.

关键词： biocatalysis h.rseradish.peroxidase pentach.oroph.nol surfactant

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Investigations on th. Corrosion Beh.viour and Structural Ch.racteristics of Low.Temperature Nitrided and Carburised Austenitic Stainless Steel

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 311-315页

作者： D. Mnter h.-j. Spies h. Biermann Ch.. Eckstein Department of Materials Engineering Technische Universitat Bergakademie Freiberg 09599 Freiberg/ GermanyDepartment of Materials Engineering Technische Universitat Bergakademie Freiberg 09599 Freiberg/ GermanyDepartment of Materials Engineering Technische Universitat Bergakademie Freiberg 09599 Freiberg/ GermanyCorrosion laboratory Steel-Centre-Freiberg (SZF) Research centre of the Technische Universitat Bergakademie Freiberg 09599 Freiberg/ Germany

Th. w.ar resistance of austenitic stainless steels can be improved by th.rmo-ch.mical surface treatment w.th.nitrogen and carbon. h.w.ver, it is possible th.t th. corrosion resistance w.ll be impaired by th. precipitation of ch.omiumnitrid or -carbide. Th. present contribution deals w.th.investigations of th. corrosion beh.viour and structural ch.racteristics of a low.temperature nitrided and carburised austenitic stainless steel. Th. material investigated w.s AISI 316L (X2CrNiMol7-12-2) austenitic stainless steel. A commercial plasma-nitriding unit (pulsed dc) w.s used for th. nitriding and carburising process. Additional samples w.re treated by th. gasoxinitriding process for a comparison betw.en plasma- and gasoxinitriding. Th. nitrided and carburised layer of austenitic stainless steel consists of th. nitrogen or carbon S-ph.se (expanded austenite), respectively. X-ray diffraction investigations sh.w.th. typical sh.ft of th. peaks to low.r angles, indicating expansion of th. fee lattice. Also th. X-ray diffraction tech.ique w.s employed to study th. residual stresses in th. nitrogen and carbon S-ph.se. Th. corrosion beh.viour of surface engineered samples w.s investigated w.th.electroch.mical meth.ds. Anodic potentiodynamic polarisation curves w.re recorded for testing th. resistance against general corrosion (in h.SO4) and pitting corrosion (in NaCl).

关键词：奥氏体不锈钢腐蚀低温渗氮低温渗碳残留应力

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Synth.sis and ch.racterization of monodisperse Eu^3＋ doped gadolinium oxysulfide nanocrystals

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j.urnal of Rare Earth. 2016年第8期34卷 850-856页

作者： j. Cich.s M. Karbow.ak D. h.eniak w. Strek Faculty of Ch.mistry University of w.oclaw F. Joliot-Curie 14 Wroclaw 50-383 Poland Institute for Low.Temperature and Structural Research Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw 50-383 Poland

Gd202S：Eu3＋ nanoparticles w.re synth.sized using tw. step process consisting of sulfuration of basic carbonates obtained by h.mogenous precipitation. Annealing of lanth.nide nitrates at total concentration of 5x 10^-3 mol/L in a w.ter solution containing relatively h.gh. th.ee molar concentration of urea ensured th. optimal conditions for th. reproducible preparation of uniform and small sph.rical particles. During sulfuration step elemental sulfur w.s mixed w.th.precursor w.0}ch.eliminated necessity of using an auxiliary furnace and provided sulfur-reach.reaction atmosph.re. Such.optimized protocol afforded synth.sis of sph.rical and non-agglomerated nanoparticles w.th.diameter smaller th.n 100 nm. Th. precursors morph.logy w.s maintained, but particles size w.s reduced by 15%-20% during sulfuration. Th. results indicated th.t h.gh.r emission intensity w.s observed for Gd202S：Eu3＋（8%） oxysulfide sample synth.sized using crystalline Gd（CO3）Oh.precursor, th.n for th.t obtained from amorph.us Gd2（Oh.2（CO3）2.h.0 precursor, alth.ugh.some furth.r efforts to improve morph.logy of th. former are still required.

关键词： oxysulfides nanocrystals h.droxycarbonates rare earth.

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Eth.nol steam reforming over Ni/ZSM-5 nanosh.et for h.drogen production

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Ch.nese j.urnal of Ch.mical Engineering 2024年第3期67卷 247-256页

作者： Porapak Suriya Sh.nsh.n Xu Sh.ngzh. Ding Sarayute Ch.nsai Yilai j.ao j.seph.h.rd Daniel lee Yuxin Zh.ng Ch.istoph.r h.rdacre Prasert Reubroych.roen Xiaolei Fan Department of Ch.mical Engineering School of EngineeringThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Program of Petroch.mistry and Polymer Science Faculty of ScienceChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok10330Thailand Sh.nyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Liaoning Academy of Materials Shenyang 110167China Center of Excellence in Catalysis for Bioenergy and Renew.ble Ch.micals(CBRC) andDepartment of Chemical TechnologyFaculty of ScienceChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok 10330Thailand Nottingh.m Ningbo Ch.na Beacons of Excellence Research.and Innovation Institute University of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo315100China

Compared to reforming reactions using h.drocarbons,eth.nol steam reforming(ESR)is a sustainable alternative for h.drogen(h.(2))production since eth.nol can be produced sustainably using *** w.rk explores th. catalyst design strategies for preparing th. Ni supported on ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts to promote ***,tw.-dimensional ZSM-5 nanosh.et and conventional ZSM-5 crystal w.re used as th. catalyst carriers and tw. synth.sis strategies,i.e.,in situ encapsulation and w.t impregnation meth.d,w.re employed to prepare th. *** on th. comparative ch.racterization of th. catalysts and comparative catalytic assessments,it w.s found th.t th. combination of th. in situ encapsulation synth.sis and th. ZSM-5 nanosh.et carrier w.s th. effective strategy to develop catalysts for promoting h.(2) production via ESR due to th. improved mass transfer(th.ough.th. 2-D structure of ZSM-5 nanosh.et)and formation of confined small Ni nanoparticles(resulted via th. in situ encapsulation synth.sis).In addition,th. resulting ZSM-5 nanosh.et supported Ni catalyst also sh.w.d h.gh.Ni dispersion and h.gh.accessibility to Ni sites by th. reactants,being able to improve th. activity and stability of catalysts and suppress metal sintering and coking during ESR at h.gh.reaction ***,th. Ni supported on ZSM-5 nanosh.et catalyst prepared by encapsulation sh.w.d th. stable performance w.th.88% eth.nol conversion and~65% h.(2) yield ach.eved during a 48-h.longevity test at 550-C.

关键词： ZSM-5 nanosh.et In situ encapsulation Ni catalyst Eth.nol steam reforming h.drogen production

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Glass formation for iron-based alloys by combining kinetic and th.rmodynamic parameters

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j.urnal of Central South.University 2013年第2期20卷 293-300页

作者： j. h. w.lly 王刚刘仲武 Sch.ol of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology

Th. glass formation w.s intensively studied for Fe-based alloys. Parameters defining kinetics and th.rmodynamic beh.vior of crystallization w.re calculated using calorimetric measurements and ph.sical properties of constituent elements. It is found th.t th. critical cooling rate Rc estimated by combining kinetic and th.rmodynamic parameters h.gh.y correlates w.th.measured Rc found in literatures w.th.correlation coefficient R2=0.944, and alloy compositions w.th.h.gh.melting enth.lpy Ah. can easily form glass even w.th.ut h.gh.undercooling and h.gh.value of th. ,β-parameter of Tumbull＇s th.ory, revealing th.t th. glass formation in th.s group of alloys is mostly controlled by grow.h.limitation. Th.s combination of kinetic and th.rmodynamic parameters can be used to determine alloy composition w.th.good glass forming ability in Fe-based alloys j.st using ph.sical properties of alloying elements and calorimetric measurements.

关键词： metallic glass glass-forming ability iron-based alloys critical cooling rate

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FLOw.STRESS MODEL FOR h.RD MACh.NING OF AISI h.3 w.RK TOOL STEEL

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English.Letters) 2005年第6期18卷 741-748页

作者： h. Yan j. h.a R. Sh.vpuri Sch.ol of Mech.nical-Electrical Engineering Nanchang University Nanchang 330029China Th. Oh.o State University Columbus OH 43210 USA

An approach.is presented to ch.racterize th. stress response of w.rkpiece in h.rd mach.ning, accounted for th. effect of th. initial w.rkpiece h.rdness, temperature, strain and strain rate on flow.stress. AISI h.3 w.rk tool steel w.s ch.sen to verify th.s meth.dology. Th. proposed flow.stress model demonstrates a good agreement w.th.data collected from publish.d experiments. Th.refore, th. proposed model can be used to predict th. corresponding flow.stress-strain response of AISI h.3 w.rk tool steel w.th.variation of th. initial w.rkpiece h.rdness in h.rd mach.ning.

关键词： flow.stress model h.rd mach.ning AISI h.3 w.rk tool steel

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Multimedia model of atrazine in plant-soil-groundw.ter system w.th.a fugacity approach

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j.urnal of Environmental Sciences 2001年第4期13卷 466-471页

作者： Ye, C.-m. Lei, Z.-f. w.ng, X.-j. Gong, A.-j. Zh.ng, h.-h. Res. Cntr. Eco-Environmental Sci. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Th. application of atrazine in Ch.na during th. last ten years h.s led to some environmental problems. In th.s paper, th. multimedia model of atrazine in soil-plant-groundw.ter system at Baiyangdian Lake area in North.rn Ch.na w.s establish.d using a fugacity approach. and verified w.th.observed values. Th. model involved 7 environmental compartments w.0}ch.are air, groundw.ter, soil, corn roots, corn stem, corn leaf and kernel of corn. Th. results sh.w.d th.t th. relative errors betw.en calculated and observed values h.ve a mean value of 24.7%, th. h.gh.st value is 48% and th. low.st value is 1.4%. All th.se values indicated th.t th.s multimedia model can be used to simulate th. environmental fate of atrazine. Both.th. calculated and observed values of concentrations of atrazine in plant compartments are in th. follow.ng order: in corn roots > in corn stem > in kernel of corn > in corn leaf, it exh.bited a good regularity. Th. prediction results indicated th.t concentrations of atrazine in th. groundw.ter and kernel of corn w.ll override th. limitation of 3 μg/L and 0.05 mg/kg respectively.

关键词： Concentration (process) Error detection Groundw.ter Lakes Plants (botany) Soils

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A Modified Glass Formation Criterion for Various Glass Forming Liquids w.th. h.gh.r Reliability

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Ch.nese Ph.sics Letters 2007年第5期24卷 1335-1338页

作者： X. h. Du j. C. h.ang Institute of Materials Science and Engineering National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung 804 Department of Materials Engineering Shenyang Institute of Aeronautical Engineering Shenyang 110034

A modified indicator of th. glass forming ability （GFA） from th. previous 7 = Tx/（Tl ＋ Tg） for various glass forming liquids is proposed based on a conceptual approach.w.0}ch.combines more acceptable ph.sical metallurgy view. in terms of th. time-temperature-transformation diagrams. It is found th.t th. glass forming ability for glass forming liquids is closely associated mainly w.th.tw. factors, i.e. （2Tx - Tg） and Tl （w.0}rein Tx is th. onset crystallization temperature, Tg th. glass transition temperature, and Tl th. liquidus temperature）, and could be predicated by a unified parameter γm defined as （2Tx - Tg）/Tl. Th.s approach.is confirmed and validated by experimental data in various glass forming systems including oxide glasses, cryoprotectants and metallic glasses, w.0}ch.all sh.w. a h.gh.r reliability w.0}n th.ir glass forming ability is predicted by th. modified parameter.

关键词： BULK METALLIC GLASSES ABILITY ALLOYS STABILITY SYSTEMS PARAMETERS FRAGILITY

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