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Understanding pediatric surgical needs in North Korea: a modeling analysis

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World j.urnal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第1期7卷 47-53页

作者： Phillip j.Hsu Sangchul Yoon Kee b Park University of Michigan Ann ArborMichiganUSA Department of Global Health and Social Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Medical Humanitiesand Social Sciences Yonsei University SeoulSouth Korea

background Sixty-five percent of children worldwide lack access to surgical care,the maj.rity of whom live in low-income and middle-income countries(LMiCs).Developing surgical infrastructure requires information on surgical need;however,this information is often limited in LMICs.North Korea(Democratic People's Republic of Korea,DPRK)has a low amount of publicly available data.Here,we analyzed available modeled data to understand the causes of pediatric deaths due to conditions treatable with surgery in DPRK.Methods We used World bank data and models from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation to identify causes of pediatric deaths affecting pediatric patients(ageompared mortality of disease between DPRK and countries with similar economic status.Results between 1990 and 2019,the number of overall pediatric deaths has decreased.In 2019,32.2%of allpediatric deaths in DPRK were caused by surgical conditions.The leading categories of surgical conditions were inj.ries(53.9%),congenital conditions(34.2%),tumors(8.8%),and abdominal conditions(3.2%).DPRK has a lower relative rate of pediatric deaths compared with other LMICs with similar gross domestic product per capita.However,it has a higher relative rate of pediatric deaths due to conditions requiring treatment with surgery.Transport inj.ries contribute significantly to the high rate of pediatric deaths in DPRK.Conclusions Although DPRK may be allocating overall resources toward pediatric healthcare more efficiently than economic peers,DPRK may benefit from improvement in pediatric surgical capacity.Improved availability of data and close international collaboration could be potential solutions to bridge this gap.

关键词： pediatric surgical inj.ries

Water Vapor Information from Satellite and Its Applications

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第1期41卷 188-189页

作者： b.j.SoHN School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

Water vapor is a critical component of the hydrological cycle because it plays a vital role in transporting water from one part of the cycle to another.Water vapor evaporated from surfaces such as oceans,lakes,and rivers condensates into liquid-or ice-phase hydrometeors,while clouds are formed owing to the atmospheric upward motion.

关键词： motion oceans lakes

Thermochemical co-conversion of biomass-plastic waste to biochar:a review

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Green Chemical Engineering 2024年第1期5卷 31-49页

作者： Adewale George Adeniyi Kingsley o.Iwuozor Ebuka Chizitere Emenike oluwaseun j.Aj.la Samuel ogunniyi Kabir b.Muritala Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of IlorinIlorinP.M.B.1515Nigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Landmark UniversityOmu-AranKwara StateP.M.B.1001Nigeria Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwkaP.M.B.5025Nigeria Department of Chemistry Federal University of TechnologyBosso CampusMinnaNiger StateP.M.B.65Nigeria

biomass and plastics are two of the most common municipal solid wastes globally that have continuously placed a burden on the environment.It is therefore important that they are properly recycled.Thermochemical coconversion offers a valuable opportunity to recycle biomass and plastics simultaneously into biochar,which reduces the time and cost of recycling them individually while producing a material with a wide range of applications.This study is a review of published literature that discusses the thermochemical co-processing of biomass and plastic wastes into biochar.It was observed that co-pyrolysis and co-hydrothermal carbonization are the most commonly utilized technologies for this process.The characteristics of different biomass and plastics that have been thermochemically converted into biochar were compared.The properties of the resulting biochar are affected by the feedstock composition,pre-treatment and blending ratio,the reactor’s configuration,reaction temperature,and the presence of a catalyst.Most studies found that treating the feedstocks separately resulted in a lower yield of biochar than processing them together.The biochar created by this procedure has been used as a soil additive and as an adsorbent for water treatment.Future perspectives and suggestions,such as the necessity for some technical advancement,biochar’s economic benefits,improved government participation,and raised social awareness,were also made.These factors have the potential to propel this field of study to great horizons.

关键词： biomass Co-pyrolysis Plastic Thermochemical process Valorization

Iron regulatory protein 1: the deadly switch of ferroptosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 477-478页

作者： Daniel A.bórquez Pamela j.Urrutia Center for biomedical Research Faculty of MedicineUniversidad Diego PortalesSantiagoChile Institute of Nutrition&Food Technology(INTA) Universidad de ChileSantiagoChile Geroscience Center for brain Health and Metabolism SantiagoChile

Ferroptosis,an iron-dependent cell death:Ferroptosis is a type of regulated necrosis,characterized by redox-active iron accumulation and increased free radical production derived by Fenton chemistry,that triggers oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids,loss of cellular membranes integrity,and leakage of intracellular contents.

关键词： integrity switch Iron

Compressive property and energy absorption characteristic of interconnected porous Mg-Zn-Y alloys with adj.sting Y addition

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j.urnal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 171-185页

作者： j.A.Liu S.j.Liu b.Wang W.b.Sun X.j.Liu Z.W.Han College of Materials Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials(Ministry of Education)Jilin UniversityChangchun 130022PR China Key Laboratory of bionic Engineering(Ministry of Education) College of Biological and Agricultural EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130022PR China Weihai Institute for bionics-j.lin University Weihai 264205PR China

In this study,interconnected porous Mg-2Zn-xY alloys with different phase compositions were prepared by various Y additions(x=0.4,3,and 6 wt.%)to adj.st the compressive properties and energy absorption characteristics.Several characterization methods were then applied to identify the microstructure of the porous Mg-Zn-Y and describe the details of the second phase.Compressive tests were performed at room temperature(RT),200℃,and 300℃to study the impact of the Y addition and testing temperature on the compressive properties of the porous Mg-Zn-Y.The experimental results showed that a high Y content promotes a microstructure refinement and increases the volume fraction of the second phase.When the Y content increases,different Mg-Zn-Y ternary phases appear:I-phase(Mg_(3)Zn_(6)Y),W-phase(Mg_(3)Zn_(3)Y_(2)),and LPSo phase(Mg_(12)ZnY).When the Y content ranges between 0.4%and 6%,the compressive strength increases from 6.30MPa to 9.23 MPa,and the energy absorption capacity increases from 7.33 Mj.m^(3)to 10.97 Mj.m^(3)at RT,which is mainly attributed to the phase composition and volume fraction of the second phase.However,the average energy absorption efficiency is independent of the Y content.In addition,the compressive deformation behaviors of the porous Mg-Zn-Y are altered by the testing temperature.The compressive strength and energy absorption capacity of the porous Mg-Zn-Y decrease due to the softening effect of the high temperature on the struts.The deformation behaviors at different temperatures are finally observed to reflect the failure mechanisms of the struts.

关键词： Porous magnesium Rare earth elements Microstructure Compressive behavior Energy absorption characteristic

Long-term monitoring of cycles in Clethrionomys rutilus in the Yukon boreal forest

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 27-36页

作者： Charles j.KREbS Alice j.KENNEY b.Scott GILbERT Rudy booNSTRA Department of Zoology University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada Renewable Resources Management Program Yukon UniversityWhitehorseYukonCanada Department of biological Sciences University of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoOntarioCanada

baseline studies of small rodent populations in undisturbed ecosystems are rare.We report here 50 years of mon-itoring and experimentation in Yukon of a dominant rodent species in the North American boreal forest,the red-backed vole Clethrionomys rutilus.These voles breed in summer,weigh 20–25 g,and reach a maximum density of 20 to 25 per ha.Their populations have shown consistent 3–4-year cycles for the last 50 years with the only change being that peak densities averaged 8/ha until 2000 and 18/ha since that year.During the last 25 years,we have measured food resources,predator numbers,and winter weather,and for 1-year social interactions,to estimate their contribution to changes in the rate of summer increase and the rate of overwinter decline.All these potential limiting factors could contribute to changes in density,and we measured their relative contributions statistically with multiple regressions.The rate of winter decline in density was related to both food supply and winter severity.The rate of summer increase was related to summer berry crops and white spruce cone production.No measure of predator numbers was related to winter or summer changes in vole abundance.There was a large signal of climate change effects in these populations.There is no density dependence in summer population growth and only a weak one in winter population declines.None of our results provide a clear understanding of what generates 3–4-year cycles in these voles,and the maj.r missing piece may be an understanding of social interactions at high density.

关键词： boreal forest climate change density dependence population cycles predation winter severity

Academic productivity correlates with industry earnings in foot and ankle fellowship programs in the United States:A retrospective analysis

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World j.urnal of orthopedics 2024年第2期15卷 129-138页

作者： Albert T Anastasio Anthony N baumann Kempland C Walley Kyle j.Hitchman Conor o’Neill j.nathan Kaplan Samuel b Adams Department of orthopedic Surgery Duke University HospitalDurhamNC 27710United States College of Medicine Northeast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOH 44272United States Department of orthopedic Surgery University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109United States School of osteopathic Medicine Campbell UniversityLillingtonNC 27546United States

bACKGRoUND The study investigates the connection between academic productivity and industry earnings in foot and ankle orthopedic surgery fellowships.Utilizing metrics like the H-index and open Payments Database(oPD)data,it addresses a gap in understanding the relationship between scholarly achievements and financial outcomes,providing a basis for further exploration in this specialized medical field.AIM To elucidate the trends between academic productivity and industry earnings across foot and ankle orthopedic surgery fellowship programs in the United States.METHoDS This study is a retrospective analysis of the relationship between academic productivity and industry earnings of foot and ankle orthopedic surgery fellowships at an individual faculty and fellowship level.Academic productivity was defined via H-index and recorded from the Scopus website.Industry earnings were recorded from the oPD.RESULTS Forty-eight foot and ankle orthopedic surgery fellowships(100%of fellowships)in the United States with a combined total of 165 physicians(95.9%of physicians)were included.Mean individual physician(n=165)total life-time earnings reported on the oPD website was United States Dollar(USD)451430.30±1851084.89(range:USD 25.16-21269249.85;median:USD 27839.80).Mean physician(n=165)H-index as reported on Scopus is 14.24±12.39(range:0-63;median:11).There was a significant but weak correlation between individual physician H-index and individual physician total life-time earnings(Po=0.334)and a significant and moderate positive correlation between combined fellowship H-index and total life-time earnings per fellowship(P=0.004,Spearman’s rho=0.409).CoNCLUSIoN There is a significant and positive correlation between academic productivity and industry earnings at foot and ankle orthopedic surgery fellowships in the United States.This observation is true on an individual physician level as well as on a fellowship level.

关键词： Sunshine act Foot and ankle orthopedic surgery orthopedic fellowship Industry earnings

Thermo-kinetic characteristics on stabilizing hetero-phase interface of metal matrix composites by crystal plasticity finite element method

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j.urnal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 53-67页

作者： Y.b.Zhang S.j.Song F.Liu State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Analytical&Testing Center Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Using dislocation-based constitutive modeling in three-dimension crystal plasticity finite element(3D CPFE)simulations,co-deformation and instability of hetero-phase interface in different material systems were herein studied for polycrystalline metal matrix composites(MMCs).Local stress and strain fields in two types of 3layer MMCs such as fcc/fcc Cu-Ag and fcc/bcc Cu-Nb have been predicted under simple compressive deformations.Accordingly,more severe strain-induced interface instability can be observed in the fcc/bcc systems than in the fcc/fcc systems upon refining to metallic nanolayered composites(MNCs).by detailed analysis of stress and strain localization,it has been demonstrated that the interface instability is always accompanied by high-stress concentration,i.e.,thermodynamic characteristics,or high strain prevention i.e.,kinetic characteristics,at the hetero-phase interface.It then follows that the thermodynamic driving forceG and the kinetic energy barrier Q during dislocation and shear banding can be adopted to classify the deformation modes,following the so-called thermo-kinetic correlation.Then by inserting a high density of high-energy interfaces into the Cu-Nb composites,such thermo-kinetic integration at the hetero-phase interface allows a successful establishment of MMCs with the high△G-high Q deformation mode,which ensures high hardening and uniform strain distri-bution,thus efficiently suppressing the shear band,stabilizing the hetero-phase interface,and obtaining an exceptional combination in strength and ductility.Such hetero-phase interface chosen by a couple of thermodynamics and kinetics can be defined as breaking the thermo-kinetic correlation and has been proposed for artificially designing MNCs.

关键词： Thermodynamics and kinetics Physics-based constitutive modeling Hetero-phase interface Crystal plasticity finite element

Semi-analytical investigation of heat transfer in a porous convective radiative moving longitudinal fin exposed to magnetic field in the presence of a shape-dependent trihybrid nanofluid

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第1期45卷 197-216页

作者： C.G.PAVITHRA b.j.GIREESHA M.L.KEERTHI Department of PG Studies and Research in Mathematics Kuvempu UniversityShankaraghatta 577451India Department of Mathematics and Statistics M.S.Ramaiah University of Applied SciencesBengaluru 560058India

The thermal examination of a non-integer-ordered mobile fin with a magnetism in the presence of a trihybrid nanofluid(Fe_3o_4-Au-Zn-blood) is carried out. Three types of nanoparticles, each having a different shape, are considered. These shapes include spherical(Fe_3o_4), cylindrical(Au), and platelet(Zn) configurations. The combination approach is utilized to evaluate the physical and thermal characteristics of the trihybrid and hybrid nanofluids, excluding the thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity. These two properties are inferred by means of the interpolation method based on the volume fraction of nanoparticles. The governing equation is transformed into a dimensionless form, and the Adomian decomposition Sumudu transform method(ADSTM) is adopted to solve the conundrum of a moving fin immersed in a trihybrid nanofluid. The obtained results agree well with those numerical simulation results, indicating that this research is reliable. The influence of diverse factors on the thermal overview for varying noninteger values of γ is analyzed and presented in graphical representations. Furthermore, the fluctuations in the heat transfer concerning the pertinent parameters are studied. The results show that the heat flux in the presence of the combination of spherical, cylindrical, and platelet nanoparticles is higher than that in the presence of the combination of only spherical and cylindrical nanoparticles. The temperature at the fin tip increases by 0.705 759% when the value of the Peclet number increases by 400%, while decreases by 11.825 13% when the value of the Hartman number increases by 400%.

关键词： convection radiation moving longitudinal fin Adomian decomposition Sumudu transform method(ADSTM) trihybrid nanofluid magnetic field