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Role of bisphosphonates in osteoporosis caused by adult grow.h hormone deficiency

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Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = j.urnal of Central South University. Medical sciences 2024年第6期49卷 839-847页

作者： Cheng Z. li j. Chen Z. Ren w. Department of Endocrinology Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital 400011 Chongqing China Department of Endocrinology First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University 400016 Chongqing China

近年来，生长激素和胰岛素样生长因子已成为骨代谢和重塑的关键调节剂，对于生命各阶段健康骨量的维持均至关重要。研究表明，成人生长激素缺乏会引发骨重塑变化，显著改变骨微结构并增加骨折风险。虽然重组人生长激素替代疗法可以减轻... 详细信息

近年来，生长激素和胰岛素样生长因子已成为骨代谢和重塑的关键调节剂，对于生命各阶段健康骨量的维持均至关重要。研究表明，成人生长激素缺乏会引发骨重塑变化，显著改变骨微结构并增加骨折风险。虽然重组人生长激素替代疗法可以减轻这些负面影响，提高骨密度并降低骨折风险，但其治疗骨质疏松症的效果，特别是对于已有生长激素缺乏症的成年人，似乎有限。双膦酸盐通过抑制破骨细胞中的法尼醇焦磷酸合酶起抗骨吸收的作用，临床试验已证实其可有效改善骨质疏松。因此，对患有骨质疏松的成人生长激素缺乏症患者，建议在使用生长激素替代疗法的同时使用双膦酸盐。.; In recent years, grow.h hormone and insulin-like grow.h factors have become key regulators of bone metabolism and remodeling, crucial for maintaining healthy bone mass throughout life. Studies have show. that adult grow.h hormone deficiency leads to alterations in bone remodeling, significantly affecting bone microarchitecture and increasing fracture risk. Although recombinant human grow.h hormone replacement therapy can mitigate these adverse effects, improving bone density, and reduce fracture risk, its effectiveness in treating osteoporosis, especially in adults w.th established grow.h hormone deficiency, seems limited. Bisphosphonates inhibit bone resorption by targeting farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase in osteoclasts, and clinical trials have confirmed their efficacy in improving osteoporosis. Therefore, for adult grow.h hormone deficiency patients w.th osteoporosis, the use of bisphosphonates alongside grow.h hormone replacement therapy is recommended.

关键词： adult grow.h hormone deficiency bisphosphonates grow.h hormone insulin-like grow.h factor 1 osteoporosis skeleton

Cytotoxic lignans from the roots and rhizomes of Diphylleia sinensis, a China's endemic plant species

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Chinese j.urnal of Natural Medicines 2024年第9期22卷 831-841页

作者： SUN Y. ZHAO C. BAI H. li M. w.NG j. HAO Z. FENG w. Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of China Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450046 China Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province Zhengzhou 450046 China School of Pharmacy Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450046 China

Eight novel arylnaphthalide lactone lignans, designated as diphylignan A−H (1−8), and a new.dibenzyltyrolactone lignan, designated as diphylignan I (9), w.re isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Diphylleia sinensis, along w.th tw. additional novel natural products (11 and 14) and four know. metabolites (10, 12, 13, 15). The structural and stereochemical characterization of these compounds w.s accomplished using NMR spectroscopy and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analysis. The cytotoxic activities of all isolated compounds w.re assessed against A-549 and SMMC-7721 cell lines. Notably, compound 2 demonstrated the most significant cytotoxicity, w.th IC50 values of 10.27 and 11.58 µmol·L−1 against A-549 and SMMC-7721 cell lines, respectively, exhibiting greater potency than the positive control, cisplatin. © 2024 China Pharmaceutical University

关键词： Arylnaphthalide Cytotoxic Dibenzyltyrolactone Diphylleia sinensis

Editorial for the Special Issue on Emerging Technology and Advanced Application of Nondestructive Detection for Pow.r Equipment

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Chinese j.urnal of Electrical Engineering 2024年第1期10卷 1-2页

作者： li j. Mei H. li S. Tianj.n University China Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School China Lanzhou j.aotong University China

The rapid development of clean and renew.ble energy technologies represented by w.nd and solar energy,as w.ll as the continuous grow.h of load demand,have put forw.rd higher requirements for the safe operation of the pow.r *** performance of pow.r equipment based on traditional dielectric materials is often limited by various defects generated during molding,transportation,assembly,and operation,w.ich cannot meet the reliability requirements of pow.r systems in the new.*** detection is an essential technical method in industrial development,w.ich can detect and evaluate the defect and damage status of in-service equipment,key components,and materials w.thout damaging the obj.ct.

关键词： service Application operation

Natural medicine can substitute antibiotics in animal husbandry: protective effects and mechanisms of rosew.od essential oil against Salmonella infection

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Chinese j.urnal of Natural Medicines 2024年第9期22卷 785-796页

作者： w.NG L. FANG j. w.NG H. ZHANG B. w.NG N. YAO X. li H. QIU j. DENG X. LENG B. w.NG j. TAN w. ZHANG Q. State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education Institute of Zoonosis College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University Changchun 130062 China Shenzhen Beichen Biotech Co. Ltd. Shenzhen 518057 China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130041 China

Aniba rosaeodora essential oil (RO) has been traditionally used in natural medicine as a substitute for antibiotics due to its notable antidepressant and antibacterial properties. Salmonella, a prevalent pathogen in foodborne illnesses, presents a maj.r challenge to current antibiotic treatments. How.ver, the antibacterial efficacy and mechanisms of action of RO against Salmonella spp. remain underexplored. This study aims to elucidate the chemical composition of RO, evaluate its antibacterial activity and mechanisms against Salmonella in vitro, and further delineate its anti-inflammatory mechanisms in vivo during Salmonella infection. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) w.s utilized to characterize the chemical constituents of RO. The antibacterial activity of RO w.s assessed using minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and time-kill assays. Various biochemical assays w.re employed to uncover the potential bactericidal mechanisms. Additionally, mouse and chick models of Salmonella infection w.re established to investigate the prophylactic effects of RO treatment. RO exhibited significant antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, w.th an MIC of 4 mg·mL−1 for Salmonella spp. RO treatment resulted in bacterial damage through the disruption of lipid and purine metabolism. Moreover, RO reduced inj.ry and microbial colonization in infected mice and chicks. RO treatment also modulated the host inflammatory response by inhibiting proinflammatory pathw.ys. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that RO is effective against Salmonella infection, highlighting its potential as an alternative to antibiotics for antibacterial therapy. © 2024 China Pharmaceutical University

关键词： Aniba rosaeodora Anti-infection Anti-inflammation Antibacterial effect Rosew.od essential oil Salmonella

Activation of LONP1 by 84-B10 alleviates aristolochic acid nephropathy via re-establishing mitochondrial and peroxisomal homeostasis

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Chinese j.urnal of Natural Medicines 2024年第9期22卷 808-821页

作者： XU X. ZHU w. MIAO M. BAI M. FAN j. NIU Y. li Y. ZHANG A. j.A Z. w. M. School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing 210009 China Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210008 China Nanj.ng Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210008 China j.angsu Key Laboratory of Early Development and Chronic Diseases Prevention in Children Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210029 China

Pharmaceutical formulations derived from Aristolochiaceae herbs, w.ich contain aristolochic acids (AAs), are w.dely used for medicinal purposes. How.ver, exposure to these plants and isolated AAs is linked to renal toxicity, know. as AA nephropathy (AAN). Currently, the mechanisms underlying AAN are not fully understood, leading to unsatisfactory treatment strategies. In this study, w. explored the protective role of 84-B10 (5-[[2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-5-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl] amino]-5-oxo-3-phenylpentanoic acid) against AAN. RNA-seq analysis revealed that the mitochondrion and peroxisome w.re the most affected cellular components follow.ng 84-B10 treatment in AAN mice. Consistently, 84-B10 treatment preserved mitochondrial ultrastructure, restored mitochondrial respiration, enhanced the expression of key transporters (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2) and enzymes (acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, medium chain) involved in mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, and reduced mitochondrial ROS generation in both aristolochic acid I (AAI)-challenged mice kidneys and cultured proximal tubular epithelial cells. Additionally, 84-B10 treatment increased the expression of key transporters (ATP binding cassette subfamily D) and rate-limiting enzymes (acyl-CoA oxidase 1) involved in peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation and restored peroxisomal redox balance. Knocking dow. LONP1 expression diminished the protective effects of 84-B10 against AAN, suggesting LONP1-dependent protection. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that AAN is associated w.th significant disturbances in both mitochondrial and peroxisomal functions. The LONP1 activator 84-B10 demonstrates therapeutic potential against AAN, likely by maintaining homeostasis in both mitochondria and peroxisomes. © 2024 China Pharmaceutical University

关键词： 84-B10 Aristolochic acid nephropathy LONP1 Mitochondrion Peroxisome

Generalized time-dependent generator coordinate method for induced fission dynamics

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第4期19卷 1-12页

作者： B.li D.Vretenar T.Nikšić j.Zhao P.w.Zhao j.Meng State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Physics Department Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Zagreb10000 ZagrebCroatia Center for Circuits and Systems Peng Cheng LaboratoryShenzhen 518055China

The generalized time-dependent generator coordinate method(TD-GCM)is extended to include pairing *** correlated GCM nuclear w.ve function is expressed in terms of time-dependent generator states and w.ight *** particle–hole channel of the effective interaction is determined by a Hamiltonian derived from an energy density functional,w.ile pairing is treated dynamically in the standard BCS approximation w.th time-dependent pairing tensor and single-particle occupation *** the inclusion of pairing correlations,various time-dependent phenomena in open-shell nuclei can be described more *** model is applied to the description of saddle-to-scission dynamics of induced *** generalized TD-GCM charge yields and total kinetic energy distribution for the fission of 240Pu,are compared to those obtained using the standard time-dependent density functional theory(TD-DFT)approach,and w.th available data.

关键词： nuclear density functional theory generator coordinate method fission dynamics

Hydromechanical characterization of gas transport amidst uncertainty for underground nuclear explosion detection

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j.urnal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 2019-2032页

作者： w.nfeng li Chelsea w.Neil j.w.lliam Carey Meng Meng Luke P.Frash Philip H.Stauffer Earth and Environmental Sciences Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87544USA Department of Mineral Engineering New Mexico TechSocorroNM87801USA

Given the challenge of definitively discriminating betw.en chemical and nuclear explosions using seismic methods alone,surface detection of signature noble gas radioisotopes is considered a positive identification of underground nuclear explosions(UNEs).How.ver,the migration of signature radionuclide gases betw.en the nuclear cavity and surface is not w.ll understood because complex processes are involved,including the generation of complex fracture netw.rks,reactivation of natural fractures and faults,and thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical(THMC)coupling of radionuclide gas transport in the *** this study,w. provide an experimental investigation of hydro-mechanical(HM)coupling among gas flow.stress states,rock deformation,and rock damage using a unique multi-physics triaxial direct shear rock testing *** testing system also features redundant gas pressure and flow.rate measurements,w.ll suited for parameter uncertainty *** porous tuff and tight granite samples that are relevant to historic UNE tests,w. measured the Biot effective stress coefficient,rock matrix gas permeability,and fracture gas permeability at a range of pore pressure and stress *** Biot effective stress coefficient varies from 0.69 to 1 for the tuff,w.ose porosity averages 35.3%±0.7%,w.ile this coefficient varies from 0.51 to 0.78 for the tight granite(porositylity is strongly correlated to effective stress for the granite,but not for the porous *** experiments reveal the follow.ng key engineering implications on transport of radionuclide gases post a UNE event:(1)The porous tuff show. apparent fracture dilation or compression upon stress changes,w.ich does not necessarily change the gas permeability;(2)The granite fracture permeability show. strong stress sensitivity and is positively related to shear displacement;and(3)Hydromechanical coupling among stress states,rock damage,and gas flow.appears to be

关键词： Underground nuclear explosion uncertainty quantification Radionuclide transport Biot effective stress coefficient Fracture permeability Matrix permeability

Superplasticity of fine-grained Mg-10li alloy prepared by severe plastic deformation and understanding its deformation mechanisms

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j.urnal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 316-331页

作者： H.T.j.ong S.w.Lee w.j.Kim Department of Materials Science and Engineering Hongik UniversityMapo-guSangsu-dong 72-1Seoul 121-791Republic of Korea

The superplastic behavior and associated deformation mechanisms of a fine-grained Mg-10.1 li-0.8Al-0.6Zn alloy(LAZ1011)w.th a grain size of 3.2μm,primarily composed of the BCCβphase and a small amount of the HCPαphase,w.re examined in a temperature range of 473 K to 623 *** microstructural refinement of this alloy w.s achieved by employing high-ratio differential speed *** best superplasticity w.s achieved at 523 K and at strain rates of 10^(-4)-5×10^(-4)s^(-1),w.ere tensile elongations of 550±600%w.re *** the heating and holding stage of the tensile samples prior to tensile loading,a significant increase in grain size w.s observed at temperatures above 573 ***,it w.s important to consider this effect w.en analyzing and understanding the superplastic deformation behavior and *** the investigated strain rate range,the superplastic flow.at low.strain rates w.s governed by lattice diffusion-controlled grain boundary sliding,w.ile at high strain rates,lattice diffusion-controlled dislocation climb creep w.s the rate-controlling deformation *** w.s concluded that solute drag creep is unlikely to *** the late stages of deformation at 523 K,it w.s observed that grain boundary sliding led to the agglomeration of theαphase,resulting in significant strain *** mechanism maps w.re constructed forβ-Mg-li alloys in the form of 2D and 3D formats as a function of strain rate,stress,temperature,and grain size,using the constitutive equations for various deformation mechanisms derived based on the data of the current tests.

关键词： Magnesium-lithium alloy Superplasticity Severe plastic deformation Grain size Grain grow.h

Hypercoagulable state and risk of venous thromboembolism in Cushing syndrome

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Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = j.urnal of Central South University. Medical sciences 2024年第6期49卷 825-831页

作者： liu Y. Tang Y. Tan H. li j. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Center of Pituitary Adenoma and Related Diseases West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China

库欣综合征(Cushing syndrome，CS)是以高皮质醇血症为特征的内分泌代谢疾病，高皮质醇血症可诱发高凝状态，导致静脉血栓栓塞(venous thromboembolism，VTE)风险增加。无论是垂体来源的库欣病(Cushing disease，CD)，还是肾上腺来源的... 详细信息

库欣综合征(Cushing syndrome，CS)是以高皮质醇血症为特征的内分泌代谢疾病，高皮质醇血症可诱发高凝状态，导致静脉血栓栓塞(venous thromboembolism，VTE)风险增加。无论是垂体来源的库欣病(Cushing disease，CD)，还是肾上腺来源的非促肾上腺皮质激素(adrenocorticotropic hormone，ACTH)依赖性CS，手术均是一线治疗选择。在手术和疾病本身的双重影响下，VTE风险进一步增加，甚至导致肺栓塞，严重威胁患者生命安全。此外，高凝状态的CS患者的心血管病和VTE发生率乃至病死率均高于正常人群，未经治疗的活动性CS患者的VTE发生率较普通人群升高了17.8倍。近年来，CS高凝状态与VTE之间的关系引起了越来越多临床医师的重视。进一步了解CS高凝状态的临床流行病学特点、病理生理机制和VTE及肺栓塞的临床防治，可以为CS患者预防性抗凝药物规范化使用提供参考。.; Cushing syndrome (CS) is an endocrine-metabolic disorder characterized by hypercortisolism. Elevated cortisol levels can induce a hypercoagulable state, increasing the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Both pituitary-origin Cushing disease (CD) and adrenal-origin non-adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent CS are primarily treated w.th surgery. The dual impact of surgery and the underlying disease further elevates the risk of VTE, potentially leading to pulmonary embolism, w.ich poses a severe threat to patient survival. Additionally, CS patients in a hypercoagulable state have a higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases and VTE, and even mortality compared w.th the general population. Untreated active CS patients have a 17.8-fold increased risk of VTE compared to the general population. In recent years, the relationship betw.en the hypercoagulable state in CS and VTE has garnered increasing attention from clinicians. A better understanding of the clinical epidemiological characteristics, pathophysiological mechanisms, and clinical prevention and treatment of VTE and pulmonary embolism in CS can provide valuable references for the standardized use of prophylactic anticoagulant therapy in CS patients.

关键词： Cushing syndrome hypercoagulable state venous thromboembolism