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Temporal Variability in Soil CO_2 Emission in an Orchard Forest Ecosystem

Pedosphere 2008年第3期18卷 273-283页

作者： LI Yue-Lin D. OTIENO K. OWEN ZHANG Yun j. tenhunen RAO Xing-Quan LIN Yong-Biao South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 （China） Department of Plant Ecology University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth （Germany） School of Resources and Environmental Science Hubei University Wuhan 430062 （China）

Temporal variability in soil CO2 emission from an orchard was measured using a dynamic open-chamber system for measuring soil CO2 efflux in Heshan Guangdong Province, in the lower subtropical area of China. Intensive measurements were conducted for a period of 12 months. Soil CO2 emissions were also modeled by multiple regression analysis from daily air temperature, dry-bulb saturated vapor pressure, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, soil moisture, and soil temperature. Data was analyzed based on soil moisture levels and air temperature with annual data being grouped into either hot-humid season or relatively cool season based on the precipitation patterns. This was essential in order to acquire simplified exponential models for parameter estimation. Minimum and maximum daily mean soil CO2 efflux rates were observed in November and j.ly, with respective rates of 1.98 ± 0.66 and 11.04 ± 0.96 μmol m-2 s-1 being recorded. Annual average soil CO2 emission (FCO2) was 5.92 μmol m-2 s-1. Including all the weather variables into the model helped to explain 73.9% of temporal variability in soil CO2 emission during the measurement period. Soil CO2 efflux increased with increasing soil temperature and soil moisture. Preliminary results showed that Q10, which is defined as the difference in respiration rates over a 10 -C interval, was partly explained by fine root biomass. Soil temperature and soil moisture were the dominant factors controlling soil CO2 efflux and were regarded as the driving variables for CO2 production in the soil. Including these two variables in regression models could provide a useful tool for predicting the variation of CO2 emission in the commercial forest soils of South China .

关键词：时间变异性土壤 CO2 果园森林生态系

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Managing and Measuring Business Networks in Russia

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Chinese Business Review 2012年第5期11卷 483-490页

作者： Seppo E. Niittymaki Lauri j. tenhunen HAMK University of Applied Sciences Hameenlinna Finland

The research topic of this article "Managing and measuring business networks in Russia" has been under consideration in three successive research proj.cts oriented to Russian business to business (B2B) networks. The proj.cts have been accomplished by HAMK, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, and Tampere University of Technology (TUT). Russian experts from The Higher School of Economics in Moscow and the Graduate School of Management in St. Petersburg were involved in these proj.cts. We asked how managing and measuring B2B networks should be developed, when a company becomes established to Russian market. Both qualitative and quantitative analytical methods were used. Results concerning performance measurement presented in this article are based on data which was collected using survey and a questionnaire. Methodical triangulation was carried out as both research instruments produced 17 full answers for questions concerning performance measurement. Wider results are based on about 200 face-to-face interviews and answers for questionnaires. Results indicate that in Russia the management and leadership models as well as the company performance measurement should be adj.sted to Russian traditions. Networked companies have difficulties in applying matrix type organizations in Russia, as management practices are based traditionally on authoritarian leadership. However, clear and specific targets should be set for proj.cts and strategic business areas. Targets and bonuses should be agreed on with managers and staff throughout the company and the business network. Personal networks, within proj.ct stake- holders, have more emphasis in Russia than in Finland, because personal relations to authorities", and organizations are needed at every stage of the proj.ct. Therefore, managing SMEs working in B2B networks is challenging in Russia. In this article, a method for setting and implementing strategic targets for a business networked company is presented. Understanding ne

关键词：俄罗斯市场网络管理性能测量业务网络企业对企业技术研究中心定量分析方法网络公司

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欧洲森林碳汇能力的新估算方法——综合通量测定、现场调查和空间观察:0.17～0.35Gt(C)

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人类环境杂志 1998年第7期27卷 582-584页

作者： Philippe H. Martin j.c. ithttp://www.j.c. org/j.c/ R Valentini M. j.cques K. Fabbri D. Galatl R. Quaratlno j.B. Moncrleff P. j.rvis N.O.j.nsen A. Lindroth A. Grelle *** R. Ceulemans A.S. Kowalski T. Vesala P. Keronen G. Matteucci A. Gralner P. Berbingier D. Loustau E.-D.Schulze j. tenhunen C. Rebman A.j. Dolman j.E. Elbers C.Bernhofer T. Grunwald H.Thorgeirsson P.Kennedy S.Folving 习小环 Institute for Systems Informaticsand Safety European Commission JointResearch CentreTP 6SOVia E. Fermi 121020 Ispra (VA)ItalyPhilippemartin University of Tuscia Department of Forest Science and Environment Vlterbo Italy http://www. unitus. it/eflux/who.html Institute for Systems Informatics and Safety European Commission Joint Research Centre 1-21020 Ispra (VA) Italy http://www. emap. sai.j.c. it/forecast/fi http://www. emap. sai.j.c. it/forecast/firs/

陆地生物圈对温室气体(GHGs)提供了一个强大的汇。全球研究表明,陆地生物圈吸收了相当数量的CO_2,但是关于世界不同的地理区域和生态系统对CO_2汇功能所起的作用还不十分清楚。即将出版的《Ambio》杂志中的一篇文章概要论述了欧洲森林(... 详细信息

陆地生物圈对温室气体(GHGs)提供了一个强大的汇。全球研究表明,陆地生物圈吸收了相当数量的CO_2,但是关于世界不同的地理区域和生态系统对CO_2汇功能所起的作用还不十分清楚。即将出版的《Ambio》杂志中的一篇文章概要论述了欧洲森林(EU)对CO_2吸收的重要作用。1997年12月11日随着《联合国气候变化框架公约》的京都协议的签署。

关键词：森林碳汇能力估算法综合通量调查空间观测

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