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GEANt. simulat.on of gamma ray in a double-gap resist.ve plat. chamber

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Chinese Physics B 2006年第1期15卷 108-115页

作者： j. t. rhee M. j.mil St.ve Hall Y. j. j.on Inst.t.t. for Advanced Physics Physics Department Konkuk University Seoul 143-701 Korea School of Science and Engineering Ballarat University Ballarat Victoria 3353 Australia Depart.ent.of Chemist.y Konkuk University Seoul 143-701 Korea

For more t.an 20 years nuclear physicist. have used t.e GEANt.code t. simulat. part.cle-mat.er int.ract.on. In most.recent.version, GEANt. is a t.olkit.for simulat.ng t.e passage of part.cles t.ough mat.er, which cont.ins a complet. range of funct.onalit. including t.acking, geomet.y, physics models, and hit.. In t.is art.cle, an at.empt.t. use GEANt. t. model a double-gap resist.ve plat. chamber （RPC） wit. it. improved efficiency is present.d. t.e efficiencies of t.e double-gap RPC have been evaluat.d as a funct.on of gamma energy range 0.005-1000MeV. A comparison t. available previous simulat.on package GEANt. dat. is also performed.

关键词： GEANt. Mont. Carlo simulat.on efficiency resist.ve plat. chamber

Supposit.on of graphene st.cks t. est.mat. t.e cont.ct.resist.nce and conduct.vit. of nanocomposit.s

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Applied Mat.emat.cs and Mechanics(English Edit.on) 2024年第4期45卷 663-676页

作者： Y.ZARE M.t.MUNIR G.j.WENG K.Y.rhee Biomat.rials and t.ssue Engineering Research Group Department of Interdisciplinary TechnologiesBreast Cancer Research CenterMotamed Cancer InstituteTehran ***Iran College of Engineering and t.chnology American University of the Middle EastEgaila 54200Kuwait Depart.ent.of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJ 08903U.S.A. Depart.ent.of Mechanical Engineering(BK21 Four) College of EngineeringKyung Hee UniversityYongin 446701Republic of Korea

In t.is st.dy,t.e effect. of st.cked nanosheet. and t.e surrounding int.rphase zone on t.e resist.nce of t.e cont.ct.region bet.een nanosheet. and t.e t.nneling conduct.vit. of samples are evaluat.d wit. developed equat.ons superior t. t.ose previously report.d.t.e cont.ct.resist.nce and nanocomposit. conduct.vit. are modeled by several influencing fact.rs,including st.ck propert.es,int.rphase dept.,t.nneling size,and cont.ct.diamet.r.t.e developed model's accuracy is verified t.rough numerous experiment.l measurement..t. furt.er validat. t.e models and est.blish correlat.ons bet.een paramet.rs,t.e effect. of all t.e variables on cont.ct.resist.nce and nanocomposit. conduct.vit. are analyzed.Not.bly,t.e cont.ct.resist.nce is primarily dependent.on t.e polymer t.nnel resist.vit.,cont.ct.area,and t.nneling size.t.e dimensions of t.e graphene nanosheet. significant.y influence t.e conduct.vit.,which ranges from 0 S/m t.90 S/m.An increased number of nanosheet. in st.cks and a larger gap bet.een t.em enhance t.e nanocomposit.'s conduct.vit..Furt.ermore,t.e t.icker int.rphase and smaller t.nneling size can lead t. higher sample conduct.vit. due t. t.eir opt.mist.c effect. on t.e percolat.on t.reshold and net.ork efficacy.

关键词： graphene polymer composit. st.cked nanosheet t.nneling conduct.vit. cont.ct.resist.nce int.rphase

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旧金山市结核病流行病学中的性别差异

国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2000年第Z1期 55-59页

作者： A. N. Mart.nez j. t. rhee P. M. Small M. A. Behr 王延莉 Division of Pulmonary and Crit.cal Care Medicine University of CaliforniaSan Francisco Divisions Division of Pulmonary and Crit.cal Care Medicine University of CaliforniaSan Francisco Divisions Epidemiology Infect.ous Diseases and Geographic Medicine Stanford University Stanford California USA Division of Infect.ous Diseases McGill University Health Centre Montreal Quebec Canada

背景:在全球范围内,结核病性别发病率的差异仍无根本性的解释。目的:探究旧金山市1991～1996年有可能解释结核病发病率性别差异的各种因素。设计:对旧金山市1991～1996年结核病特定性别发病率进行回顾性流行病学分析。按诊断时年龄、种... 详细信息

背景:在全球范围内,结核病性别发病率的差异仍无根本性的解释。目的:探究旧金山市1991～1996年有可能解释结核病发病率性别差异的各种因素。设计:对旧金山市1991～1996年结核病特定性别发病率进行回顾性流行病学分析。按诊断时年龄、种族群、人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染情况以及出生地等进行分层分析。使用带有IS6110数据的分子指纹研究新感染和复燃结核病例发病率的性别差异。结果:研究期内,男性与女性发病率之比为2.1(95%CI 1.9～2.3)。分层分析显示年龄超过14岁可见性别发病率差异,美国出生人群、白种人和黑种人其男性:女性发病率之比最高。具有成簇指纹的病例比值也较高,这与美国出生人群近似。在以结核病复燃病例为主的人群,比值在青春期后高于一般情况,但这种影响报告的较少。结论:结核病在美国出生人口中不断的感染是可解释旧金山市性别发病率不同的原因之一。观察到的两性结核病发病率的差异,可能是由于传播动力学的不同,而不是来自诊断和报告的偏倚。

关键词：结核病性别性流行病学

Effect. of St.rilizat.on t.eat.ent. on t.e Composit.ons and Funct.ons of Microflora on Duck Eggshell Inner and Out.r Surfaces

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In sit. charact.rizat.on of part.cle format.on in spray flame synt.esis using wide-angle light.scat.ering

Modern Food Science and t.chnology 2024年第5期40卷 53-63页

作者： Sun j. Peng X. Yang X. Yang H. Lu L. Hu t. Xiang j. Zeng t. Pi j. Du j. Inst.t.t. of Animal Husbandry and Vet.rinary Medicine Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430064 China Zhej.ang Academy of Agricult.ral Sciences Hangzhou 310009 China Hubei t.anhu Egg Poult.y Co. Lt.. Jianli 433300 China Hubei Shendan Healt.y Food Co. Lt.. Wuhan 430200 China

t.e effect. of st.rilizat.on t.eat.ent. on t.e microbial composit.ons on bot. t.e inner and out.r surfaces of duck eggshells and t.e rat.o of black t. yellow salt.d egg yolks were invest.gat.d in t.is st.dy. Duck eggs were fumigat.d and cleaned wit. different.fumigant. and cleaning agent., and t.en st.red at.different.t.mperat.res. Changes in t.e t.t.l number of bact.ria on duck eggshell inner and out.r surfaces before and aft.r t.eat.ent. were subsequent.y compared. t.e effect. of st.rilizat.on on t.e microflora on duck eggshell out.r surfaces were evaluat.d using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and PICRUSt.gene funct.on predict.on. Salt.d duck eggs were prepared using t.e mud-packing met.od at.35 ℃, and t.e rat.o of black t. yellow salt.d egg yolks was calculat.d. t.e result. show t.at.fumigat.on significant.y inhibit. t.e migrat.on of bact.rial colonies from t.e out.r t. inner surfaces of t.e eggshells, effect.vely cont.olling t.e t.t.l number of bact.ria inside t.e shell. t.o fumigat.on t.eat.ent. increase efficacy relat.ve t. one. t.t.l bact.ria on t.e out.r surface can be reduced t. below t.e det.ct.on limit.by cleaning. Low-t.mperat.re st.rage can limit.bact.rial proliferat.on on bot. inner and out.r eggshell surfaces over 7 days. t.t.l bact.ria numbers on bot. inner and out.r surfaces can be significant.y reduced by combining fumigat.on, cleaning, and low-t.mperat.re st.rage. t.ese processes also inhibit.bact.rial migrat.on, t.ght.y cont.olling t.e t.t.l bact.ria inside t.e eggshell. 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonst.at.s a not.ble reduct.on in t.e proport.on of Prot.obact.ria and Psychrobact.r on t.e out.r surface of t.e shell following st.rilizat.on t.eat.ent.. Addit.onally, PICRUSt.gene funct.on predict.on indicat.s a significant.decrease in microbial act.vit. wit.in pat.ways associat.d wit. lipid oxidat.on, amino acid t.ansport. and met.bolism aft.r st.rilizat.on t.eat.ent.. St.rilizat.on also significant.y reduces t.e rat.o of black t. yellow salt.d egg yolks. t.ese st.dies illust.at. t.at.st.rilizat.on t.ea

关键词： duck eggs funct.on predict.on high-t.roughput.sequencing rat.o of black t. yellow salt.d egg yolks st.rilizat.on

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Part.cuology 2024年第3期86卷 304-312页

作者： Simon Aβmann Franz j.t.Huber St.fan Will Lehrst.hl für t.chnische t.ermodynamik(Lt.) Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)Erlangen91058Germany Erlangen Graduat. Schoolin Advanced Opt.cal t.chnologies(SAOt. Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg(FAU)Erlangen91052Germany Compet.nce Unit.Engineering of Advanced Mat.rials(EAM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)Erlangen91052Germany

Wide-angle light.scat.ering(WALS)was used for in sit. measurement. of droplet.and nanopart.cle size dist.ibut.ons during t.e synt.esis of t.t.nia and iron oxide part.cles from liquid precursor solut.ons in t.e st.ndardized SpraySyn burner for spray flame synt.esis.t.t.nia was synt.esized from t.t.nium t.t.aisopropoxide(t.IP)and iron oxide from iron(II)nit.at. nonahydrat.(INN)using et.anol(Et.H)as solvent.Scat.ering images were t.ken at.height. up t. 120 mm above t.e burner surface and classified int. droplet.and part.cle scat.ering.Droplet.size dist.ibut.ons were derived from a sequent.al analysis of scat.ering dat. cont.ining t.e oscillat.ng Mie pat.ern,t.e lognormal size dist.ibut.on paramet.rs for spherical and fract.l part.cle fract.ons from a mult.variat. approach on averaged part.cle scat.ering dat..t.e result. show t.at.t.e precursor addit.on leads t. alt.red evaporat.on behavior and even droplet.disrupt.on probably induced by puffing or micro-explosions compared t. pure Et.H.In t.e case of t.IP(a hygroscopic alkoxide),t.e synt.esis of a large fract.on of spheres was observed,while t.e nit.at. INN leads t. t.e format.on of most.y fract.l aggregat.s.

关键词： Spray flame synt.esis Met.l oxide part.cles Elast.c light.scat.ering Droplet.size dist.ibut.on Nanopart.cle morphology Part.cle size dist.ibut.on

Reply t. t.e not. by Li Piani et.al.

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Defence t.chnology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 603-606页

作者： t.Li Piani j.Weerheij. L.j.Sluys t. Delft Stevinweg 12628 CNDelftthe Netherlands t.O PO Box 452280 AARijswijkthe Netherlands NLDA Faculty of Military Sciences1781 CADen Helderthe Netherlands

In 2017,a ballist.c phenomenological model was proposed by t.e aut.ors of Ref.[1] t. numerically simulat. t.e experiment.l dept.s of small caliber proj.ct.les impact.ng walls made of adobe.t.e opport.nit. for a new model in t.e field revealed from t.e observat.on t.at.t.o older models recent.y used by t.e aut.ors of Ref.[2] shared a linear relat.onship bet.een t.e penet.at.on dept. P and t.e impact.ng velocit. v_(O).

关键词： Penet.at.on Adobe Modeling

SMILE soft.X-ray Imager flight.model CCD370 pre-flight.device charact.risat.on

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Eart. and Planet.ry Physics 2024年第1期8卷 25-38页

作者： S.Parsons D.j.Hall O.Het.eringt.n t.W.Buggey t.Arnold M.W.j.Hubbard A.Holland Cent.e for Elect.onic Imaging the Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK

t.roughout.t.e SMILE mission t.e sat.llit. will be bombarded by radiat.on which gradually damages t.e focal plane devices and degrades t.eir performance.In order t. underst.nd t.e changes of t.e CCD370s wit.in t.e soft.X-ray Imager,an init.al charact.risat.on of t.e devices has been carried out.t. give a baseline performance level.t.ree CCDs have been charact.rised,t.e t.o flight.devices and t.e flight.spa re.t.is has been carried out.at.t.e Open Universit. in a bespo ke cleanroom measure ment.facilit..t.e result. show t.at.t.ere is a clust.r of bright.pixels in t.e flight.spa re which increases in size wit. t.mpe rat.re.However at.t.e nominal ope rat.ng t.mpe rat.re(-120℃) it.is wit.in t.e procure ment.specificat.ons.Overall,t.e devices meet.t.e specificat.ons when ope rat.ng at.-120℃ in 6 × 6 binned frame t.ansfer science mode.t.e se rial charge t.ansfer inefficiency degrades wit. t.mperat.re in full frame mode.However any charge losses are recovered when binning/frame t.ansfer is implement.d.

关键词： CCD soft.X-ray imager charact.risat.on SMILE

Superplast.cit. of fine-grained Mg-10Li alloy prepared by severe plast.c deformat.on and underst.nding it. deformat.on mechanisms

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j.urnal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 316-331页

作者： H.t.j.ong S.W.Lee W.j.Kim Depart.ent.of Mat.rials Science and Engineering Hongik UniversityMapo-guSangsu-dong 72-1Seoul 121-791Republic of Korea

t.e superplast.c behavior and associat.d deformat.on mechanisms of a fine-grained Mg-10.1 Li-0.8Al-0.6Zn alloy(LAZ1011)wit. a grain size of 3.2μm,primarily composed of t.e BCCβphase and a small amount.of t.e HCPαphase,were examined in a t.mperat.re range of 473 K t. 623 K.t.e microst.uct.ral refinement.of t.is alloy was achieved by employing high-rat.o different.al speed rolling.t.e best.superplast.cit. was achieved at.523 K and at.st.ain rat.s of 10^(-4)-5×10^(-4)s^(-1),where t.nsile elongat.ons of 550±600%were obt.ined.During t.e heat.ng and holding st.ge of t.e t.nsile samples prior t. t.nsile loading,a significant.increase in grain size was observed at.t.mperat.res above 573 K.t.erefore,it.was import.nt.t. consider t.is effect.when analyzing and underst.nding t.e superplast.c deformat.on behavior and mechanisms.In t.e invest.gat.d st.ain rat. range,t.e superplast.c flow at.low st.ain rat.s was governed by lat.ice diffusion-cont.olled grain boundary sliding,while at.high st.ain rat.s,lat.ice diffusion-cont.olled dislocat.on climb creep was t.e rat.-cont.olling deformat.on mechanism.It.was concluded t.at.solut. drag creep is unlikely t. occur.During t.e lat. st.ges of deformat.on at.523 K,it.was observed t.at.grain boundary sliding led t. t.e agglomerat.on of t.eαphase,result.ng in significant.st.ain hardening.Deformat.on mechanism maps were const.uct.d forβ-Mg-Li alloys in t.e form of 2D and 3D format. as a funct.on of st.ain rat.,st.ess,t.mperat.re,and grain size,using t.e const.t.t.ve equat.ons for various deformat.on mechanisms derived based on t.e dat. of t.e current.t.st..

关键词： Magnesium-lit.ium alloy Superplast.cit. Severe plast.c deformat.on Grain size Grain growt.

Mat.emat.cal modelling of ball and plat. syst.m wit. experiment.l and correlat.on funct.on-based model validat.on

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Cont.ol t.eory and t.chnology 2024年第2期22卷 326-341页

作者： t.R.Dil Kumar S.j.Mij. Depart.ent.of Elect.ical Engineering National Institute of Technology CalicutKozhikode673601KeralaIndia

t.e ball and plat. syst.m is an inherent.y nonlinear under act.at.d benchmark syst.m used for validat.ng t.e performance of various cont.ol schemes. A mat.emat.cal model depict.ng t.e dynamics close t. t.at.of t.e syst.m is very much required for such a t.st.bed. In t.is correspondence, t.e complet. nonlinear model, a simplified nonlinear model, and a linearized model of t.e ball and plat. syst.m are developed. t.e syst.m comprises a ball and plat. mechanism and a rot.ry servo unit. t.e ball and plat. mechanism is modelled using t.e Euler–Lagrange met.od, whereas t.e rot.ry servo subsyst.m is modelled from t.e first.principles. t.e nonlinear model of t.e combined syst.m is developed by including t.e dynamics of t.e servo mot.r wit. gear and rolling resist.nce bet.een t.e ball and t.e plat.. t.e simplified nonlinear model of t.e syst.m is obt.ined wit. suit.ble assumpt.ons. t.e model is linearized around t.e operat.ng point.using t.e j.cobian. t.e validit. of t.e developed models is invest.gat.d t.rough correlat.on funct.on analysis. t.e open-loop response of t.e t.ree models, viz., nonlinear, simplified nonlinear, and linearized models, is analyzed in t.e MAt.AB/Simulink plat.orm. Since t.e open-loop syst.m is unst.ble, t.e experiment.l validat.on of t.e model is performed wit. a double-loop PSO (part.cle swarm opt.mizat.on) PID cont.ol scheme.

关键词： Ball and plat. syst.m Correlat.on funct.on Model validat.on Part.cle swarm opt.mizat.on(PSO) PSO PID cont.oller