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A r.view of public health guidelines for.postpar.um physical activity and sedentar. behavior.fr.m ar.und the wor.d

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j.ur.al of Spor. and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 472-483,F0003页

作者： Kelly r.Evenson Wendy j.Br.wn Alison K.Br.nson Emily Budzynski-Seymour.Melanie Hayman Depar.ment of Epidemiology Gillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599-8050USA Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine Bond UniversityGold CoastQLD 4226Australia School of Human Movement and Nutr.tion Sciences The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Depar.ment of Anthr.pology University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599-3115USA Car.lina Population Center University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599-8120USA Faculty of Spor. Health and Social SciencesSolent UniversitySouthamptonSO140YNUK Appleton Institute School of HealthMedical and Applied SciencesCentral Queensland UniversityRockhamptonQLD 4701Australia

Backgr.und:The per.od following pr.gnancy is a cr.tical time window when futur. habits with r.spect to physical activity(PA) and sedentar. behavior.SB) ar. established;ther.for.,it war.ants *** pur.ose of this scoping r.view was to summar.ze public health-or.ented countr.-specific postpar.um PA and SB guidelines ***:To identity guidelines published since 2010,we per.or.ed a(a) systematic sear.h of 4 databases(CINAHL,Global Health,PubMed,and SPOr.Discus),(b) str.ctur.d r.peatable web-based sear.h separ.tely for.194 countr.es,and(c) separ.te web-based *** the most r.cent guideline was included for.each ***:We identified 22 countr.es with public health-or.ented postpar.um guidelines for.PA and 11 countr.es with SB *** continents with guidelines included Eur.pe(n=12),Asia(n=5),Oceania(n=2),Afr.ca(n=1),Nor.h Amer.ca(n=1),and South Amer.ca(n=1).The most common benefits r.cor.ed for.PA included weight contr.l/management(n=10),r.ducing the r.sk of postpar.um depr.ssion or.depr.ssive symptoms(n=9),and impr.ving mood/well-being(n=8).Postpar.um guidelines specified exer.ises to engage in,including pelvic floor.exer.ises(n=17);muscle str.ngthening,weight tr.ining,or.r.sistance exer.ises(n=13);aer.bics/gener.l aer.bic activity(n=13);walking(n=11);cycling(n=9);and swimming(n=9).Eleven guidelines r.mar.ed on the inter.ction between PA and br.astfeeding;sever.l guidelines stated that PA did not impact br.ast milk quantity(n=7),br.ast milk quality(n=6),or.infant gr.wth(n=3).For.SB,suggestions included limiting long-ter. sitting and inter.upting sitting with ***:Countr.-specific postpar.um guidelines for.PA and SB can help pr.mote healthy behavior. using a cultur.lly appr.pr.ate context while pr.viding specific guidance to public health pr.ctitioner..

关键词： Br.astfeeding Caesar.an section Guidelines Postnatal r.commendations

Adaptation in br.in str.ctur. and r.spir.tor. and olfactor. str.ctur.s acr.ss envir.nmental gr.dients in Afr.can and Nor.h Amer.can mur.id r.dents

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Integr.tive Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： Peter.j.TAYLOr.Aluwani NENGOVHELA Chr.stiane DENYS Gr.ham r.SCOTT Cather.ne M.IVY Depar.ment of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afr.montane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Depar.ment of Mammalogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Depar.ment of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielmo and Shoemaker.Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

Mor.hometr.c studies of 3D micr. CT-scanned images can pr.vide insights into the evolution of the br.in and sensor. str.ctur.s but such data ar. still scar.e for.the most diver.e mammalian or.er.of *** r.viewed and new data,we tested for.conver.ence to extr.me ar.dity and high elevation in the sensor. and br.in mor.hology of r.dents,fr.m mor.hometr.c data fr.m micr.-CT X-r.y scans of 174 cr.nia of 16 species of thr.e distantly r.-lated Afr.can mur.d(soft-fur.ed mice,Pr.omyini,laminate-toothed r.ts,Otomyini,and ger.ils,Ger.illinae)clades and one Nor.h Amer.can cr.cetid(deer.mice and white-footed mice,Per.myscus)*** studies demon-str.ted conver.ent evolution acting on the oval window ar.a of the cochlea(enlar.ed in extr.mely ar.d-adapted species of Otomyini and Ger.illinae)and on endocr.nial volume(r.duced in high elevation taxa of Otomyini and Per.myscus).However.contr.r. to our.pr.dictions,we did notfind evidence of conver.ence in br.in str.c-tur. to ar.dity,or.in the olfactor./r.spir.tor. system(tur.inate bones)to high *** str.ctur. differ.d,par.icular.y in the petr.sal lobules of the cer.bellum and the olfactor. bulbs,between Otomyini and Ger.illinae,with extr.me ar.d-adapted species in each clade being highly diver.ent(not conver.ent)fr.m other.species in the same *** obser.ed gr.ater.packing”of the maxillar. tur.inate bones,which have impor.ant r.spir.tor. functions,in Per.myscus mice fr.m high and low elevations compar.d to the high-elevation Afr.can Pr.omyini,but mor. complex patter.s within Per.myscus,pr.bably r.lated to tr.de-offs in r.spir.tor. physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D mor.hometr.cs Afr.ca br.in size Nor.h Amer.ca r.dentia sensor. evolution

Deepr.ce: A deep lear.ing and deep featur. based classification of r.ce leaf disease subtypes

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Ar.IFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN AGr.CULTUr. 2024年第1期11卷 34-49页

作者： r.thar.on, P. Isaac r.imond, Kumudha Mar., X. Anitha r.ber., j.nnifer.Eunice Andr.w, j. Kar.nya Inst Technol & Sci Dept CSE Coimbatore Tamilnadu India Kar.nya Inst Technol & Sci Dept Robot Engn Coimbatore India Manipal Acad Higher.Educ Manipal Inst Technol Dept Mechatron Engn Manipal 576104 Karnataka India Manipal Acad Higher.Educ Manipal Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Manipal 576104 Karnataka India

r.ce stands as a cr.cial staple food globally, with its endur.ng sustainability hinging on the pr.mpt detection of r.ce leaf diseases. Hence, efficiently detecting diseases when they have alr.ady occur.ed holds par.mount impor.ance for.solving the cost of manual visual identification and chemical testing. In the r.cent past, the identification of leaf pathologies in cr.ps pr.dominantly r.lies on manual methods using specialized equipment, which pr.ves to be time-consuming and inefficient. This study offer. a r.medy by har.essing Deep Lear.ing (DL) and tr.nsfer.lear.ing techniques to accur.tely identify and classify r.ce leaf diseases. A compr.hensive dataset compr.sing 5932 self-gener.ted images of r.ce leaves was assembled along with the benchmar. datasets, categor.zed into 9 classes ir.espective of the extent of disease spr.ad acr.ss the leaves. These classes encompass diver.e states including healthy leaves, mild and sever. blight, mild and sever. tungr., mild and sever. blast, as well as mild and sever. br.wn spot. Following meticulous manual labelling and dataset segmentation, which was validated by hor.icultur. exper.s, data augmentation str.tegies wer. implemented to amplify the number.of images. The datasets wer. subj.cted to evaluation using the pr.posed tailor.d Convolutional Neur.l Networ.s models. Their.per.or.ance ar. scr.tinized in conj.nction with alter.ative tr.nsfer.lear.ing appr.aches like VGG16, Xception, r.sNet50, DenseNet121, Inception r.snetV2, and Inception V3. The effectiveness of the pr.posed custom VGG16 model was gauged by its capacity to gener.lize to unseen images, yielding an exceptional accur.cy of 99.94%, sur.assing the benchmar.s set by existing state-of-the-ar. models. Fur.her. the layer.wise featur. extr.ction is also visualized as the inter.r.table AI. (c) 2023 The Author.. Publishing ser.ices by Elsevier.B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access ar.icle under.the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://cr.ativeco

关键词： r.ce leaf disease Deep lear.ing CNN Cr.p yield Agr.cultur. Food secur.ty IDENTIFICATION

Evaluating the Effects of Gr.viton r.dshift upon Spir.l Galaxy r.tation Cur.es, Sur.ace Br.ghtness Magnitudes and Gr.vitational Lensing

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j.ur.al of High Ener.y Physics, Gr.vitation and Cosmology 2024年第3期10卷 967-985页

作者： Fir.in j. Oliveir. East Asian Obser.ator. James Clerk Maxwell Submillimetre Telescope Hilo USA

The effects of the gr.vitational r.dshift of gr.vitons upon spir.l galaxy r.tation ener.y ar. compar.d to the standar. mass to light analyses in obtaining r.tation cur.es. The der.vation of the total bar.onic matter.compar.s well with the standar. theor. and the r.tation velocity is matched to a high pr.cision. The stellar.mass distr.butions obtained fr.m the fit with gr.viton ener.y loss ar. used to der.ve the sur.ace br.ghtness magnitudes for.the galaxies, which agr.e well with the obser.ed measur.ments. In a new field of investigation, the gr.viton theor. is applied to the obser.ations of gr.vitational lenses. The r.sults of these applications of the theor. suggest that it can augment the standar. methods and may eliminate the need for.dar. matter.

关键词： Gr.vitons Gr.vitational r.dshift Sur.ace Br.ghtness Gr.vitational Lens Lens Mass

The r.gional Economic Impacts of Coal Mining: A Case Study of Signal Peak Ener.y

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Natur.l r.sour.es 2024年第8期15卷 211-223页

作者： Timothy j. Considine School of Ener.y r.sour.es University of Wyoming Laramie USA

This paper.quantifies the r.gional economic contr.butions of coal expor.s fr.m the US using a case study of Signal Peak Ener.y in Montana. Two methods of estimating economic contr.butions ar. compar.d, contr.bution and impact analysis. The latter.is adopted because the industr. impact analysis is mor. accur.te, especially since it is based upon accounting r.cor.s fr.m Signal Peak. Our.estimates of r.gional economic and fiscal impacts do not var. significantly with the pr.ce of coal because we explicitly account for.swings in r.yalty income. Our.analysis finds that Signal Peak Ener.y suppor.s 678 j.bs, over.$55 million in tax r.venues, mor. than $90 million in r.yalties, $111.7 million in value added, and $62.3 million in labor.income. Cur.ailing or.halting Signal Peak’s coal pr.duction for.envir.nmental r.asons as some envir.nmental gr.ups have ar.ued would eliminate these economic contr.butions.

关键词： Coal r.gional Economic Expor.s Fiscal

Development of Multilayer.Models of Globular.Star.Cluster. and Study of Their.Evolution

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j.ur.al of Moder. Physics 2024年第8期15卷 1246-1299页

作者： j.seph j. Smulsky Institute of Ear.hs Cr.ospher. Tyum. SC of SB RAS Federal Research Center Tyumen Russia

Usually, models of globular.star.cluster. ar. cr.ated by analyzing their.luminosity and other.obser.ation par.meter.. The goal of this wor. is to cr.ate stable models of globular.cluster. based on the laws of mechanics. It is necessar. to set the coor.inates, velocities and masses of the star. so that as a r.sult of their.gr.vitational inter.ction the globular.cluster.is not destr.yed. This is not an easy task, and it has been solved in this paper. Using an exact solution of the axisymmetr.c gr.vitational inter.ction of N-bodies, single-layer.spher.cal str.ctur.s wer. cr.ated. They ar. combined into multilayer.models of globular.cluster.. An algor.thm and a pr.gr.m for.their.cr.ation is descr.bed. As a r.sult of solving the pr.blem of gr.vitational inter.ction of N bodies, evolution of 5-, 10-, and 15-layer.str.ctur.s was studied. Dur.ng the inter.body inter.ction, ther. pr.ceeds a tr.nsition fr.m the initial specially or.anized str.ctur. to a str.ctur. with bodies, unifor.ly distr.buted in space. The number.of inter.body collisions decr.ases, and the globular.cluster.model passes into the stable for. of its existence. The collisions of bodies and the acquisition of r.tational motion and ther.al ener.y by them ar. consider.d. As a r.sult of the passage to scaled dimensions, the r.sults wer. r.calculated to the conditions of globular.star.cluster.. The per.ods of r.tation and the temper.tur.s of mer.ed star. ar. calculated. Attention is paid to a decr.ased centr.l-body mass in the analyzed models of globular.star.cluster..

关键词： N-Body Pr.blem Solution Globular.Star.Cluster. Pr.per.ies

An Analysis of Specific Categor.es of Bir.h Defects and Developmental Disabilities for.Childr.n of Par.icipants of the Air.For.e Health Study

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Open j.ur.al of Epidemiology 2024年第2期14卷 312-330页

作者： Geor.e j. Knafl School of Nur.ing University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA

Backgr.und: The Air.For.e Health Study collected r.pr.ductive outcomes for.live-bor. childr.n of male Air.For.e veter.ns of the Vietnam War. Methods: Dioxin values for.par.icipants wer. obtained fr.m blood samples. Analyses wer. conducted of occur.ence of 16 specific categor.es of bir.h defects and developmental disabilities. Childr.n wer. categor.zed as conceived befor. and after.the star. of par.icipants’ Vietnam War.ser.ice. Childr.n conceived befor. the star. of Vietnam War.ser.ice wer. tr.ated as being conceived when their.father. had unquantifiable dioxin values. Childr.n conceived after.the star. of Vietnam War.ser.ice for.par.icipants with missing dioxin values wer. excluded fr.m pr.mar. analyses, but wer. used to assess the impact of their.exclusion on conclusions. Cor.elation between values for.specific categor.es for.multiple childr.n father.d by the same par.icipant was accounted for. The dose-r.sponse r.lationship was tr.ated as a step function incr.asing for.dioxin values lar.er.than adaptively identified individual thr.sholds changing with the specific categor.. r.sults: For.15 of 16 specific categor.es, the pr.bability of occur.ence incr.ased substantially for.a sufficiently high dioxin level above identified thr.sholds. Exclusion of childr.n due to missing dioxin likely did not affect these r.sults. Conclusions: r.sults suppor.ed the conclusion of substantial adver.e effects on a wide var.ety of specific categor.es of bir.h defects and developmental disabilities due to sufficiently high exposur.s to dioxin, a toxic contaminant of Agent Or.nge used for.her.icide spr.ying in the Vietnam War. r.sults may hold mor. gener.lly, but might also have been affected by a var.ety of limitations.

关键词： Agent Or.nge Air.For.e Health Study Bir.h Defects Developmental Disabilities Dioxin Dose-r.sponse r.lationship Vietnam War

Exper.mental and Analytical Study of a Single Effect Distillation Using Electr.cal Evapor.tor.Power.d by Solar.Ener.y

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j.ur.al of Power.and Ener.y Engineer.ng 2024年第8期12卷 20-29页

作者： Saeed j. Almalowi Mechanical & Manufactur.ng Engineer.ng Depar.ment Jubail Industrial College The Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu Jubail Saudi Arabia

The exper.mental and analytical investigation was conducted on a solar.power.d single-effect distillation (SED). The evapor.tor.was designed to be an electr.cal evapor.tor.as opposed to the steam evapor.tor.that existed pr.viously. Using sun-tr.cking solar.panels, the electr.cal evapor.tor.in the designed distillation unit was power.d by solar.ener.y. Appr.ximately 20 kWh was utilized by the small-scale distillation appar.tus. This type of design is mobile, so r.mote ar.as and countr.es with fr.gile economies can utilize it on a small or.lar.e scale. Utilizing the pr.nciples of ener.y and mass conser.ation, the amount of distillate water.and power.r.quir.d for.a single unit was deter.ined, at the low salinity (2200 PPM) with fixed boiling point temper.tur. (Tb = 75˚C), the unit per.or.ance is appr.x. 98.4%. The exper.mental r.sults and those der.ved fr.m a mathematical model wer. compar.d, and both showed str.ng accor.. Using engineer.ng equation solver.(EES) softwar., a computer.pr.gr.m was developed for.this r.sear.h scenar.o.

关键词： Distillation Single Effect Solar Potable Salt

Fr.snel Equations Der.ved Using a Non-Local Hidden-Var.able Par.icle Theor.

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j.ur.al of Moder. Physics 2024年第6期15卷 950-984页

作者： Dir. j. Pons Depar.ment of Mechanical Engineer.ng University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand

Pr.blem: The Fr.snel equations descr.be the pr.por.ions of r.flected and tr.nsmitted light fr.m a sur.ace, and ar. conventionally der.ved fr.m wave theor. continuum mechanics. Par.icle-based der.vations of the Fr.snel equations appear.not to exist. Appr.ach: The obj.ctive of this wor. was to der.ve the basic optical laws fr.m fir.t pr.nciples fr.m a par.icle basis. The par.icle model used was the Cor.us theor., a type of non-local hidden-var.able (NLHV) theor. that pr.dicts specific substr.ctur.s to the photon and other.par.icles. Findings: The theor. explains the or.gin of the or.hogonal electr.static and magnetic fields, and r.-der.ves the r.fr.ction and r.flection laws including Snell’s law and cr.tical angle, and the Fr.snel equations for.s and p-polar.sation. These for.ulations ar. identical to those pr.duced by electr.magnetic wave theor.. Contr.bution: The wor. pr.vides a compr.hensive der.vation and physical explanation of the basic optical laws, which appear. not to have pr.viously been shown fr.m a par.icle basis. Implications: The pr.mar. implications ar. for.suggesting r.utes for.the theor.tical advancement of fundamental physics. The Cor.us NLHV par.icle theor. explains optical phenomena, yet it also explains other.physical phenomena including some other.ise only accessible thr.ugh quantum mechanics (such as the electr.n spin g-factor. and gener.l r.lativity (including the Lor.ntz and r.lativistic Doppler.. It also pr.vides solutions for.phenomena of unknown causation, such as asymmetr.cal bar.ogenesis, unification of the inter.ctions, and r.asons for.nuclide stability/instability. Consequently, the implication is that NLHV theor.es have the potential to r.pr.sent a deeper.physics that may under.in and unify quantum mechanics, gener.l r.lativity, and wave theor..

关键词： Wave-Par.icle Duality Optical Law Fr.snel Equation Non-Local Hidden-Var.able