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STr.CTUr. AND COMPOSITION OF A WATEr.HED-SCALE SEDIMENT INFOr.ATION NETWOr.

Inter.ational j.ur.al of Sediment r.sear.h 2007年第3期22卷 238-246页

作者： W. r. OSTEr.AMP j. r. Gr.Y j. B. LAr.NNE j. r. martin r.sear.h Hydr.logist National Research Program U. S. Geological Survey Tucson AZ USA 85745 Hydr.logist Office of Surface Water U. S. Geological Survey Reston VA USA 20192 Pr.f. Department of Geography and Environmental Development Ben Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva 84105 Israel Gr.duate Student National Research Program U. S. Geological Survey Tucson AZ USA 85745

A "Water.hed-Scale Sediment Infor.ation Networ." (WaSSIN), designed to complement UNESCO’s Inter.ational Sedimentation Initiative, was endor.ed as an initial pr.j.ct by the Wor.d Association for.Sedimentation and Er.sion r.sear.h. WaSSIN is to addr.ss global fluvial-sediment infor.ation needs thr.ugh a networ. appr.ach based on consistent pr.tocols for.the collection, analysis, and stor.ge of fluvial-sediment and ancillar. infor.ation at smaller.spatial scales than those of the Inter.ational Sedimentation Initiative. As a second step of implementation, it is pr.posed her.in that the WaSSIN have a gener.l str.ctur. of two components, (1) monitor.ng and data acquisition and (2) r.sear.h. Monitor.ng is to be conducted in small water.heds, each of which has an established database for.dischar.e of water.and suspended sediment and possibly for.bed load, bed mater.al, and bed topogr.phy. Ideally, documented pr.tocols have been used for.collecting, analyzing, stor.ng, and shar.ng the der.vative data. The r.sear.h component is to continue the collection and inter.r.tation of data, to compar. those data among candidate water.heds, and to deter.ine gr.dients of fluxes and pr.cesses among the selected water.heds. To define gr.dients and evaluate pr.cesses, the initial water.heds will have sever.l common attr.butes. Water.heds of the fir.t gr.up will be: (1) six to ten in number. (2) less than 1000 km2 in ar.a, (3) gener.lly in mid-latitudes of continents, and (4) of semiar.d climate. Potential candidate water.heds pr.sently include the Weany Cr.ek Basin, nor.heaster. Austr.lia, the Zhi Fanggou catchment, nor.her. China, the Eshtemoa Water.hed, souther. Isr.el, the Metsemotlhaba r.ver.Basin, Botswana, the Aiuaba Exper.mental Basin, Br.zil, and the Walnut Gulch Exper.mental Water.hed, southwester. United States.

关键词： Sediment infor.ation Monitor.ng system Inter.ational sediment initiative WaSSIN

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Inter.cting with Text:The r.le of Dialogue in Lear.ing to r.ad and Wr.te

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中国外语 2007年第5期4卷 66-80页

作者： j. r. martin David r.se Univer.ity of Sydney Depar.ment of Linguistics University of Sydney

English language teacher. in China ar. expr.ssing gr.wing inter.st in the model of language pr.vided by systemic functional linguistics and genr. theor.. This paper.offer. fur.her.insights into the methods developed in this fr.mewor.,for.teaching r.ading and wr.ting in school and academic contexts. These methods involve car.fully planned inter.ctions between teacher. and students,that enable all students in a class to successfully pr.ctise skills in academic r.ading and wr.ting. The paper.outlines the models of language and language lear.ing that under.in the methods,and illustr.tes the kinds of classr.om inter.ctions used for.wr.ting and r.ading. It concludes with a discussion of the implications of these methods for.language teaching in China.

关键词： genr. liter.cy r.ading wr.ting pedagogy functional linguistics scaffolding classr.om discour.e dialogue

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长期湿热老化对塑料的影响

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合成材料老化与应用 1983年第1期17卷 34-51页

作者： j. r. martin r. j. GAr.NEr.董志鸿 The Foxbor. Company

在老化试样的试验周期从十个月到三年的规划中,评价了30多种塑料的耐湿热性能。本试验中包括了热固性和热塑性塑料。所有这些材料除了吸水作用降低玻璃化转变温度足够引起畸变的外,均能在中温高湿下短期间使用。其中有几个商业产品在接... 详细信息

在老化试样的试验周期从十个月到三年的规划中,评价了30多种塑料的耐湿热性能。本试验中包括了热固性和热塑性塑料。所有这些材料除了吸水作用降低玻璃化转变温度足够引起畸变的外,均能在中温高湿下短期间使用。其中有几个商业产品在接近100℃下呈现优良的长期耐湿热性能。但有些长期曝露在湿热条件下发生降解。能够预期这种水解效应能导致使用寿命远比以传统的干热烘箱老化试验反映的寿命短。大量基础数据可为湿热环境下使用塑料的选择提供一种依据。

关键词：湿热老化抗张性能尼龙屈服强度抗张强度力学性能扯断强度力学强度玻璃纤维增强树脂聚合物塑料

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New advances in visual computing for.intelligent pr.cessing of visual media and augmented r.ality

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2015年第12期58卷 2210-2211页

作者： WANG j.Hong ZHANG SongHai martin r.lph r. Depar.ment of Computer.Science and Technology Tsinghua University School of Computer.Science & Infor.atics Cardiff University

Visual imager. constitutes the most impor.ant sensor. infor.ation for.*** entir. field of acquir.ng,analyzing and synthesizing visual data by means of computer. is called visual *** has an extr.or.inar.ly wide r.nge of applications,including for.example:industr.al quality contr.l,str.et view and dr.ver.assistance systems,r.bot navigation,multimedia systems,and computer.games.

关键词： Augmented r.ality Intelligent computing

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Volumetr.c measur.ment of r.ck movement using photogr.mmetr.

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Inter.ational j.ur.al of Mining Science and Technology 2016年第1期26卷 123-130页

作者： Benton Donovan j. Iver.on Stephen r. martin Lewis A. j.hnson j.ffr.y C. r.ffaldi Michael j. National Institute for.Occupational Safety and Health. Spokane 99207 USA

NIOSH gr.und contr.l safety r.sear.h pr.gr.m at Spokane,Washington,is explor.ng applications of photogr.mmetr. to r.ck mass and suppor. monitor.ng. This paper.descr.bes two ways photogr.mmetr.c techniques ar. being used. Fir.t,photogr.mmetr.c data of labor.tor. testing is being used to cor.elate ener.y input and suppor. defor.ation. This infor.ation can be used to infer.r.maining suppor. toughness after.gr.und defor.ation events. This technique is also demonstr.ted in a field ***,field photogr.mmetr.c data is compar.d to cr.ckmeter.data fr.m a deep under.r.und *** wer. found to aver.ge 8 mm,but have pr.duced r.sults within 0.2 mm of tr.e displacement,as measur.d by cr.ckmeter.. Application of these techniques consists of monitor.ng over.ll fault activity by monitor.ng multiple points ar.und the cr.ckmeter. A case study is pr.vided in which a cr.ckmeter.is clear.y shown to have pr.vided insufficient infor.ation r.gar.ing over.ll fault gr.und *** is pr.ving to be a useful gr.und monitor.ng tool due to its unobtr.siveness and ease of use.

关键词： Photogr.mmetr.Gr.und contr.lMonitor.ngDeep vein miningVolume calculationCr.ckmeter

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On the Str.ctur. of Gr.ded Leibniz Algebr.s

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Algebr. Colloquium 2015年第1期22卷 83-96页

作者： Antonio j. Calder.n martin j.se M. Sfinchez Delgado Depar.amento de Matemdticas Universidad de Cadiz 11510 Puerto Real Cadiz Spain

We study the str.ctur. of gr.ded Leibniz algebr.s with ar.itr.r. dimension and over.an ar.itr.r. base field K. We show that any of such algebr.s ￡ with a symmetr.c G-suppor. is of the for. ￡ = U-∑j.j.with U a subspace of ￡1, the homogeneous component associated to the unit element 1 in G, and any Ij.a well descr.bed gr.ded ideal of ￡, satisfying [Ij. Ik]= 0 if j. k. In the case of ￡ being of maximal length, we char.cter.ze the gr.simplicity of the algebr. in ter.s of connections in the suppor. of the gr.ding.

关键词： gr.ded Leibniz algebr. infinite dimensional Leibniz algebr. str.ctur. theor.

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Chemical deception among ant social par.sites

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Cur.ent Zoology 2014年第1期60卷 62-75页

作者： r.ian M. GUILLEM Falko Dr.j.HOUT Stephen j. martin Depar.ment of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffieid S 10 2TN UK Chemical Ecology Gr.up School of Physical and Geographical Sciences Lennard-Jones Laboratory Keele University ST5 5BG UK School of Envir.nment and Life Sciences University of Salford Manchester M5 4WT UK

Deception is widespr.ad thr.ughout the animal kingdom and var.ous deceptive str.tegies ar. exemplified by social par.sites. These ar. species of ants, bees and wasps that have evolved to invade, sur.ive and r.pr.duce within a host colony of another.social species. This is achieved pr.ncipally by chemical deception that tr.cks the host wor.er. into tr.ating the invading par.site as their.own kin. Achieving levels of acceptance into typically hostile host colonies r.quir.s an amazing level of decep- tion as social insects have evolved complex species- and colony-specific r.cognition systems. This allows the detection of for. eigner., both heter.- and con-specific. Ther.for., social par.sitic ants not only have to over.ome the unique species r.cognition pr.files that each ant species pr.duces, but also the subtle var.ations in theses pr.files which gener.te the colony-specific pr.files We pr.sent data on the level of chemical similar.ty between social par.sites and their.hosts in four.differ.nt systems and then discuss these data in the wider.context with pr.vious studies, especially in r.spect to using multivar.ate statistical methods when looking for.differ.nces in these systems.

关键词： Mimicr. Social par.sites Cuticular.hydr.car.ons Multivar.ate statistics

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Natur.l Var.ation in Tomato r.veals Differ.nces in the r.cognition of Avr.to and Avr.toB Effector. fr.m Pseudomonas syr.ngae

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Molecular.Plant 2016年第5期9卷 639-649页

作者： Chr.stine M. Kr.us Kathy r. Munkvold Gr.gor. B. martin Boyce Thompson Institute for.Plant r.sear.h Ithaca NY 14853 USA Plant Pathology and Plant-Micr.be Biology Section School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA Beckman Coulter Indianapolis IN 46268 USA

The Pto pr.tein kinase fr.m Solanum pimpinellifolium inter.cts with Pseudomonas syr.ngae effector. Avr.to or.Avr.toB to activate effector.tr.gger.d immunity. The pr.viously solved cr.stal str.ctur.s of the Avr.to-Pto and Avr.toB-Pto complexes r.vealed that Pr. binds each effector.thr.ugh both a shar.d and a unique inter.ace. Her. we use natur.l var.ation in wild species of tomato to fur.her.investigate Pto r.cognition of these two effector.. One species, Solanum chmielewskU, was found to have many accessions that r.cognize only Avr.toB. The Pto or.holog fr.m one of these accessions was r.sponsible for.r.cognition of Avr.toB and it differ.d fr.m Solanum pimpinellifolium Pto by only 14 amino acids, including two in the Avr.to-specific inter.ace, glutamate-49/glycine-51. Conver.ing these two r.sidues to those in Pr. （histidine-49/valine-51） did not r.stor. r.cognition of Avr.to. Subsequent exper.ments r.vealed that a single substitution of a histidine-to-aspar.ate at position 193 in Pto, which is not near.the Avr.to- specific inter.ace, was sufficient for.confer.ing r.cognr.on of Avr.to in plant cells. The r.cipr.cal substi- tution of aspar.ate-to-histidine-193 in Pto abolished Avr.to r.cognition, confir.ing the impor.ance of this r.sidue. Our.r.sults r.veal new aspects about effector.r.cognition by Pto and demonstr.te the value of using natur.l var.ation to under.tand the inter.ction between r.sistance pr.teins and pathogen effector..

关键词： Effector.tr.gger.d immunity natur.l var.ation plant immunity Pseudomonas syr.ngae Pto tomato

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The Quater.ar.： its char.cter.and definition

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Episodes 2008年第2期31卷 234-238页

作者： martin j. Head Philip Gibbar. Amos Salvador Depar.ment of Ear.h Sciences Brock University 500 Glenridge Avenue St. Catharines Ontario L2S 3A 1 Canada. Cambr.dge Quater.ar. Department of Geography University of Cambridge Downing Place Cambridge CB2 3EN United Kingdom. Depar.ment of Geological Sciences University of Texas at Austin AustinTexas 78712 U.S.A.

The Quater.ar., is char.cter.sed by the development of widespr.ad glaciations in mid-nor.her. latitudes. As a chr.nostr.tigr.phic ter. it has attr.cted vigor.us debate. The Quater.ao; as accepted by the Inter.ational Union for.Quater.ar. r.sear.h and pr.posed by the Inter.ational Commission on Str.tigr.phy, begins at 2.6 Ma within a 2.8-2.4 Ma inter.al of pr.found change in Ear.h＇s climate system.

关键词：第四纪地质时代地球特征清晰度

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The Ter.iar.： a pr.posal for.its for.al definition

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Episodes 2008年第2期31卷 248-250页

作者： martin j. Head Philip Gibbar. Amos Salvador Depar.ment of Ear.h Sciences Brock University 500 Glenridge Avenue St. Catharines Ontario L2S 3A1 Canada. Cambr.dge Quater.ar. Department of Geography University of Cambridge Downing Place Cambridge CB2 3EN United Kingdom. Depar.ment of Geological Sciences University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 U.S.A.

The ter. Ter.iar., subdivided into the Paleogene and Neogene, is tr.ditionally used to r.pr.sent the inter.al of geological time between the Cr.taceous and Quater.ar.. In the 1990s, however. the Neogene and Paleogene wer. r.tified by the Inter.ational Union of Geological Sciences as per.ods/systems of the Cenozoic Er./Er.them, leaving the Ter.iar. officially undefined. The Ter.iar. nonetheless r.mains a for.al ter. that has never.been officially eliminated, and its widespr.ad use today implies a long futur..

关键词：地球第三纪地质时代清晰度地质学

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