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Shifting equilibr.ums in Alzheimer.s disease: the complex r.les of micr.glia in neur.inflammation, neur.nal sur.ival and neur.genesis

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2020年第7期15卷 1208-1219页

作者： Sophie C. gray Ker.i j. Kinghor. Nathaniel S. Woodling Institute of Healthy Ageing and Depar.ment of Genetics Evolution and Environment University College London

Alzheimer.s disease is the leading cause of *** incr.ased pr.valence in developed countr.es,due to the shar. r.se in ageing populations,pr.sents one of the costliest challenges to moder. *** or.er.to find disease-modifying ther.pies to confr.nt this challenge,a mor. complete under.tanding of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer.s disease is *** studies have r.vealed incr.asing evidence for.the r.les played by micr.glia,the r.sident innate immune system cells of the *** the well-established r.les of micr.glia in r.acting to pathogens and inflammator. stimuli,ther. is now a gr.wing liter.tur. descr.bing both pr.tective and detr.mental effects for.individual cytokines and chemokines pr.duced by micr.glia in Alzheimer.s disease.A smaller.but incr.asing number.of studies have also addr.ssed the diver.ent r.les played by micr.glial neur.tr.phic and neur.genic factor.,and how their.per.ur.ation may play a key r.le in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer.s *** we r.view r.cent findings on the r.les played by micr.glia in neur.inflammation,neur.nal sur.ival and neur.genesis in Alzheimer.s *** each case,landmar. studies have pr.vided evidence for.the diver.ent ways in which micr.glia can either.pr.mote neur.nal function and sur.ival,or.per.ur. neur.nal function,leading to cell *** many cases,the secr.ted molecules of micr.glia can lead to diver.ent effects depending on the magnitude and context of micr.glial *** suggests that micr.glial functions must be maintained in a fine equilibr.um,in or.er.to suppor. healthy neur.nal function,and that the cellular.micr.envir.nment in the Alzheimer.s disease br.in disr.pts this fine balance,leading to ***,an under.tanding of micr.glial homeostasis,both in health and acr.ss the tr.j.ctor. of the disease state,will impr.ve our.under.tanding of the pathogenic mechanisms under.ying Alzheimer.s disease,and will hopefully lead to the development of micr.glial-base

关键词： adult neur.genesis Alzheimer.s disease IGF-1 micr.glia neur.inflammation Tr.m2

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Evolution of Micr.alloyed Linepipe Steels With Par.icular.Emphasis on the “Near.Stoichiometr.” Low Car.on,0.10 Per.ent Niobium “HTP” Concept

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j.ur.al of Ir.n and Steel r.sear.h(Inter.ational) 2011年第S1期18卷 652-657页

作者： gray j.Malcolm Micr.alloyed Steel Institute Inc. 5100 Westheimer Ste 540HoustonTX 77056 USA

Micr.alloyed linepipe steels wer. fir.t intr.duced in 1959 at str.ngth levels ar.und 52-60 ksi [1] [2].The steels wer. gener.lly str.ngthened by niobium or.vanadium used *** str.ngths levels incr.ased to X-70 in the ear.y 1970’s niobium and vanadium wer. used in combination and contr.lled r.lling was intr.duced on a br.ad *** str.ngths decr.ase toler.nce for.impur.ties and non-metallic inclusions which r.quir.d impr.ved steelmaking ***,car.on,and nitr.gen wer. r.duced and continuous casting was incr.asingly applied which r.quir.d impr.ved ladle r.fining and deoxidation ***-molybdenum steels wer. intr.duced by IPSCO in 1972 [3] and by Italsider.in 1974 [4].Steels with higher.niobium contents wer. also intr.duced in the ear.y 1970’s but available steelmaking technologies limited the use of optimum niobium to car.on r.tios,*** appr.aching *** the steels benefited fr.m the effect of niobium in r.tar.ing austenite r.cr.stallization at r.latively high r.lling temper.tur.s and they developed attr.ctive combinations of str.ngth and toughness in old manufactur.ng facilities using simple (r.laxed) r.lling *** in the pr.ce of molybdenum and vanadium in the past decade and expanded application of API Gr.de X-80 linepipe,have led to mor. widespr.ad use of niobium contents up to 0.11 per.ent,in combination with 0.02-0.03 per.ent car.on (near.stoichiometr.) thus maximizing the effects of solute niobium dur.ng r.lling,in lower.ng tr.nsfor.ation temper.tur.,and ther.by r.ducing r.liance on other.alloying,often expensive,*** histor. of these developments will be pr.sented and applications of the concept will be summar.zed.

关键词： HTP Low Car.on,0.10 Per.ent Niobium Near.Stoichiometr. Evolution of Micr.alloyed Linepipe Steels With Par.icular.Emphasis on the Concept

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Fr.m bench to bedside： bipolar.andr.gen ther.py in a pilot clinical study

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Asian j.ur.al of Andr.logy 2015年第5期17卷 767-768页

作者： Qing Zhang Phillip j.gray Depar.ment of Inter.al Medicine Singapore General Hospital Singapore Depar.ment of r.diationOncology Massachusetts General Hospital HarvardMedical School Boston MA USA

Pr.state cancer.r.mains a leading cause of cancer.death in Eur.pe andthe United States and is an emer.ing pr.blem in Asia despite significant impr.vements in available tr.atments over.the last few decades. Andr.gen depr.vation ther.py （ADT） has been the cor. tr.atment of advance-staged disease since the discover. of pr.state cancer.s andr.gen dependence in 1941 by Huggins et al. Options for.initial medical tr.atment include gonadotr.pin-r.leasing hor.one analogues such as leupr.lide （LHr. agonist） and degar.lix （LHr. antagonist） and andr.gen r.ceptor.（Ar. binding agents such as bicalutamide. Although most patients will initially r.spond to either.sur.ical or.medical castr.tion, ther. is almost always pr.gr.ssion to castr.tion-r.sistant pr.state cancer.（Cr.C） necessitating tr.atment with mor. novel agents. However. even dr.gs such as abir.ter.ne and enzalutamide, two next-gener.tion agents used commonly in metastatic Cr.C, have failed to demonstr.te per.istent efficacy in most patients.

关键词： advance-staged next-gener.tion bicalutamide

The impor.ance of combined r.diation and endocr.ne ther.py in locally advanced pr.state cancer

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Asian j.ur.al of Andr.logy 2012年第2期14卷 245-246页

作者： PhiUip j.gray William U Shipley Har.ar. r.diation Oncology Pr.gr.m BostonMA 02114USA Depar.ment of r.diation Oncology Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMA 02114USA

The management of all stages of pr.state cancer.has become an incr.asingly com-plex task as new tr.atment par.digms ar. tested and the r.sults of lar.e r.ndomized studies become available. Despite these advances, pr.state cancer.r.mains the second leading cause of cancer.death and the seventh over.ll cause of death in men in the United States.

关键词： r.diation endocr.ne ther.py cancer

As clear.as mud： Tur.idity induces behavior.l changes in the Afr.can cichlid Pseudocr.nilabr.s multicolor

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Cur.ent Zoology 2012年第1期58卷 146-157页

作者： gray, Suzanne M. McDonnell, Laur. H. Cinquemani, Fabio G. Chapman, Laur.n j. Depar.ment of Biology McGill University 1205 Dr. Penfield Ave Montreal QC Canada H3A 1B1 Wildlife Conser.ation Society 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx NY 10460 USA

Aquatic biodiver.ity is being lost at an unpr.cedented r.te. One factor.dr.ving this loss is incr.ased tur.idity, an envir.nmental str.ssor.that can impose behavior.l, mor.hological, and/or.physiological costs on fishes. Her. we descr.be the behavior.l r.sponse of a widespr.ad Afr.can cichlid,Pseudocr.nilabr.s multicolor.victor.ae, to tur.idity. We used a split-br.od r.ar.ng design to test if F1 offspr.ng r.ar.d in tur.id water. or.ginating fr.m r.ver.(tur.id) and swamp (clear. populations, behave differ.ntly than full-sibs r.ar.d in clear.water. We examined two facets of behavior. (1) behavior. of fish in full sib gr.ups, including activity level and social dynamics collected dur.ng the r.ar.ng per.od; and (2) male aggr.ssive behavior.dir.cted at potential male competitor. after.fish had r.ached matur.ty; this was done in an exper.mental set-up independent of the r.ar.ng aquar.a. r.gar.less of population of or.gin, fish r.ar.d in tur.id water.wer. mar.inally less active and per.or.ed fewer.social behavior. than those r.ar.d in clear.water. On the other.hand, when tested against a competitor.in tur.id water. males per.or.ed mor. aggr.ssive behavior., r.gar.less of population of or.gin or.r.ar.ng envir.nment. Our.r.sults suggest a plastic behavior.l r.sponse to tur.idity that may allowP. multicolor.o per.ist over.a r.nge of tur.idity levels in natur. by decr.asing activity and gener.l social behavior. and intensifying r.pr.ductive behavior. to ensur. r.pr.ductive success.

关键词：攻击行为浊度水多色非洲水生生物多样性泥浆社会行为鲷

Field Obser.ations of the Vulner.ble Impr.ssed Tor.oise, Manour.a impr.ssa, fr.m Souther. Laos and Notes on Local Chelonian Tr.de

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Asian Her.etological r.sear.h 2013年第2期4卷 151-154页

作者： Thomas CALAME Thomas N. E. gray Mar.ha HUr.EY r.ber. j. TIMMINS Khamhou THONGSAMOUTH WWF Gr.ater.Mekong House No. 39Unit 05Ban SaylomVientianeLao PDR Société d'Histoir. Natur.lle Alcide-d'Or.igny 57rue de Gergovie63170 AubièreFrance Global Wildlife Conser.ation

Obser.ations of wild chelonians in Indochina ar. uncommon with most r.cor.s and specimens coming fr.m the commer.ial wildlife tr.de. Dur.ng the sur.eys of the Xe Sap National Pr.tected Ar.a in souther. Laos between Febr.ar. and May 2012, four.impr.ssed tor.oises, Manour.a impr.ssa(IUCN r.d List: Vulner.ble) wer. found in thr.e separ.te field locations. Ther. ar. few published obser.ations of this species in the wild. We also pr.sent data on thr.ats and local value of chelonians in the wildlife tr.de.

关键词： Xe Sap National Pr.tected Ar.a Laos Manour.a impr.ssa wildlife tr.de

The oppor.unity cost of andr.gen suppr.ssion in locally advanced pr.state cancer

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Asian j.ur.al of Andr.logy 2013年第3期15卷 356-357页

作者： Phillip j.gray j.son A Efstathiou William U Shipley Har.ar. r.diation Oncology Pr.gr.m Boston MA 02114 USA Depar.ment of r.diation Oncology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA 02114 USA

The use of andr.gen suppr.ssion ther. apy （AST） and r.diother.py for.locallyadvanced pr.state cancer.has become the standar. of car. wor.dwide. At the same time, it has become clear.that AST car.ies significant r.sk for.side effects. r.cently, Denham and colleagues have r.por.ed ini- tial quality of life （QoL） r.sults fr.m the Tr.G 03.04 r.DAr.tr.al. The author. identify clinically meaningful decr.ments in patient-r.por.ed QoL for.those tr.ated with 18 months of AST vs. 6 months but only mar.inal differ.nces at 36 months. Once sur.ival data becomes available, these data will help to fr.me any benefits seen for.longer.cour.es of AST.

关键词： PHASE-III Tr.AL QUALITY-OF-LIFE DEPr.VATION THEr.PY CAr.IOVASCULAr.MOr.ALITY r.DIATION-THEr.PY r.NDOMIZED-Tr.AL r.DIOTHEr.PY DUr.TION

Homopter.n Vector.Biomar.er. for.Efficient Cir.ulative Plant Vir.s Tr.nsmission ar. Conser.ed in Multiple Aphid Species and the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci

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j.ur.al of Integr.tive Agr.cultur. 2012年第2期11卷 249-262页

作者： Michelle Cilia Michael Ber.man Tar. Fish Michael j.MacCoss stewar. gray USDA-Ar. Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health Tower Road Ithaca New York 14853 USA Depar.ment of Plant Pathology and Plant-Micr.be Biology Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA Depar.ment of Genome Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195-5065 USA

Plant vir.ses in the families Luteovir.dae and Geminivir.dae ar. phloem r.str.cted and ar. tr.nsmitted in a per.istent,cir.ulative manner.by homopter.n *** fluor.scence 2-D differ.nce gel electr.phor.sis to compar. the pr.teomes of F2 genotypes of Schizaphis gr.minum segr.gating for.vir.s tr.nsmission ability,we r.cently discover.d a panel of pr.tein biomar.er. that pr.dict vector.*** we used aphid and whitefly nucleotide and expr.ssed sequence tag database mining to test whether.these biomar.er. ar. conser.ed in other.homopter.n *** gene homologs that shar.d a high degr.e of pr.dicted amino acid identity wer. discover.d in two other.aphid species and in the whitefly Bemisia *** r.action monitor.ng mass spectr.metr. was used to validate the expr.ssion of these biomar.er. pr.teins in multiple aphid vector.*** conser.ation of these pr.teins in multiple insect taxa that tr.nsmit plant vir.ses along the cir.ulative tr.nsmission pathway cr.ates the oppor.unity to use these biomar.er. to r.pidly identify insect populations that ar. the most efficient vector. and allow them to be tar.eted for.contr.l pr.or.to the spr.ad of vir.s within a cr.p.

关键词： aphid whitefly Schizaphis gr.minum Bemisia tabaci Acyr.hosiphon pisum Toxopter. citr.cida Myzusper.icae pr.teomics biomar.er cir.ulative tr.nsmission begomovir.s luteovir.s geminivir.s leaflaopper.selected r.action monitor.ng Sr. mass spectr.metr. tar.eted pr.teomics Skyline

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Deep Lear.ing-Based Model for.Defect Detection and Localization on Photovoltaic Panels

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Computer.Systems Science & Engineer.ng 2023年第3期44卷 2683-2700页

作者： S.Pr.bhakar.n r.Annie Uthr. j.Pr.ethar.selyn Depar.ment of Computational Intelligence SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyChengalpattu603203India Depar.ment of Electr.cal Engineer.ng SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyChengalpattu603203India

The Pr.blem of Photovoltaic(PV)defects detection and classification has been well *** techniques exist in identifying the defects and localizing them in PV panels that use var.ous featur.s,but suffer.to achieve higher.*** efficient r.al-Time Multi Var.ant Deep lear.ing Model(r.VDM)is pr.sented in this ar.icle to handle this *** method consider. differ.nt defects like a spotlight,cr.ck,dust,and micr.-cr.cks to detect the defects as well as loca-lizes the *** image data set given has been pr.pr.cessed by applying the r.gion-Based Histogr.m Appr.ximation(r.A)*** pr.pr.cessed images ar. applied with gray Scale Quantization Algor.thm(GSQA)to extr.ct the *** featur.s ar. tr.ined with a Multi Var.ant Deep lear.ing model wher. the model tr.ined with a number.of layer. belongs to differ.nt classes of *** class neur.n has been designed to measur. Defect Class Suppor.(DCS).At the test phase,the input image has been applied with differ.nt oper.tions,and the featur.s extr.cted passed thr.ugh the model *** output layer.r.tur.s a number.of DCS values using which the method identifies the class of defect and localizes the defect in the ***,the method uses the Higher.Or.er.Textur. Localization(HOTL)technique in localizing the *** pr.-posed model pr.duces efficient r.sults with ar.und 97%in defect detection and localization with higher.accur.cy and less time complexity.

关键词： Photovoltaic systems deep lear.ing defect detection classification localization