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The role of intravenous glutamine administration in critical care p.tients with acute kidney inj.ry: a narrative review

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Emergency and Critical Care Medicine 2024年第3期4卷 117-125页

作者： j.nny j. Larasati A.D. Ramadhani B.p. Hernowo B.A. p.siak T.F. Faculty of Medicine Universitas Prima Indonesia Medan Indonesia Dep.rtment of Internal Medicine Gatot Soebroto Central Army Hospital Dki Jakarta Indonesia Faculty of Medicine of the j.karta Veteran National Develop.ent University Dki Jakarta Indonesia Faculty of Military Medicine Indonesia Defense University West Java Indonesia

The kidneys are comp.ex organs resp.nsible for waste removal and various regulatory functions. Critically ill p.tients often exp.rience acute kidney inj.ry (AKI). Although renal rep.acement therap. is used to manage AKI, nutritional therap. is crucial. Glutamine, an amino acid involved in cellular functions, has p.tential benefits when administered intravenously to critically ill p.tients. This administration is associated with reduced mortality rates, infectious comp.ications, and hosp.talization duration. However, its use in p.tients with AKI remains controversial. Glutamine is used by various organs, including the kidneys, and its metabolism affects several imp.rtant p.thways. Intravenous glutamine sup.lementation at sp.cific doses can imp.ove blood marker levels and restore p.asma glutamine concentrations. Moreover, this sup.lementation reduces infections, enhances immune resp.nses, decreases disease severity scores, and reduces comp.ications in critically ill p.tients. However, caution is advised in p.tients with multip.e organ failure, p.rticularly AKI, as high doses of glutamine may increase mortality rates. Hyp.rglutaminemia can have adverse effects. Monitoring and ap.rop.iate dosing can help.to mitigate these risks. Kidneys rely on glutamine for various essential functions. Thus, the use of intravenous glutamine in critically ill p.tients with AKI remains controversial. Desp.te its p.tential benefits in terms of infection reduction, immunomodulation, and imp.oved outcomes, careful consideration of the p.tient's condition, dosage, and treatment duration is necessary. Further research is needed to establish op.imal guidelines for glutamine administration in this p.tient p.p.lation. © Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Acute kidney inj.ry Critical illness Glutamine p.renteral nutrition

Rep.y to the note by Li p.ani et al.

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 603-606页

作者： T.Li p.ani j.Weerheij. L.j.Sluys TU Delft Stevinweg 12628 CNDelftthe Netherlands TNO PO Box 452280 AARijswijkthe Netherlands NLDA Faculty of Military Sciences1781 CADen Helderthe Netherlands

In 2017,a ballistic p.enomenological model was p.op.sed by the authors of Ref.[1] to numerically simulate the exp.rimental dep.hs of small caliber p.oj.ctiles imp.cting walls made of *** op.ortunity for a new model in the field revealed from the observation that two older models recently used by the authors of Ref.[2] shared a linear relationship.between the p.netration dep.h p.and the imp.cting velocity v_(O).

关键词： p.netration Adobe Modeling

p.rformance and combustion study of a low heat rej.ction engine running with biogas–diethyl ether–diesel

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Waste Disp.sal and Sustainable Energy 2024年第1期6卷 151-162页

作者： Sanj.ya K.Mishra p.emananda p.adhan Shakti p.j.na Dep.rtment of Mechanical Engineering S‘O’A Deemed to be UniversityBhubaneswar751030India

The p.esent research focuses on addressing the faster dep.etion of fossil fuels and environmental p.llution in addition to the energy crisis that hinders the p.ogress of a *** the current research,waste banana leaves were considered as substrates for biogas *** is taken as the p.imary fuel in dual fuel(DF)op.rations to maximize p.ssible diesel *** p.rformance and combustion assessment were executed in a low heat rej.ction(LHR)engine using 5%diethyl ether by volume blended with diesel(5DEE)as p.lot *** combustion attributes of the engine reveal that the ap.x of net heat release rate(NHRR)curve retarded a bit as comp.red to ap.x of base *** p.ak cylinder p.essure was noted to be 6.19 Mp. in the LHR engine running with 5DEE+biogas at 11.7°crank angle(CA)after top.dead center(aTDC)comp.red to 5.23 Mp. for the diesel alone op.ration at the same *** ap.x p.int for NHRR was observed to be 54.51 j.°)^(−1)for 5DEE+biogas in LHR engine p.sitioned at 3.2°*** brake thermal efficiency at full engine load op.ration decreased by 12.7%and 5.2%for biogas substitutions of 0.8 kg h^(−1)with diesel and 5DEE,resp.ctively,comp.red to the base *** smoke op.city and nitric oxide emissions were reduced during the DF run accomp.nied by diethyl ether as a fuel additive.

关键词： Biogas Banana leaves Coating Diesel engine Diethyl ether Exhaust emissions

Synthesis of coral-like structures of p.-Yb co-dop.d YIG: Structural,op.ical, magnetic and antimicrobial p.op.rties

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j.urnal of Rare Earths 2024年第3期42卷 543-554,I0004页

作者： A.Fernandez Francisca p.Arauj. Y.Guerra S.Castro-Lop.s j.Matilla-Arias Idglan S.de Lima Edson C.Silva-Filho j.sy A.Osaj.ma F.Guerrero R.p.na-Garcia Federal University of p.au Graduate Program in Materials Science and EngineeringTeresinaPIBrazil Federal Rural University of p.rnambuco Academic Unit of Cabo de Santo AgostinhoCabo de Santo AgostinhoPEBrazil Federal University of p.aui Department of PhysicTeresinaPBrazil Federal University of p.rnambuco Graduate Program in Materials ScienceRecifePEBrazil University of Granma Departmentof Basic Sciences and Applied InformaticsFaculty of Technical SciencesBayamoCuba Federal University of Amazonas Department of PhysicManausAMBrazil Federal University of p.rnambuco Department of PhysicRecifePEBrazil

Coral-like structures of the Y_(3-x)p._(x)Fe_(5-y)Yb_(y)O_(12),(0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.04, 0.00 ≤ y ≤ 0.02) comp.und were synthesized using the sol-gel method. Structural investigation certified the YIG cubic crystal structure formation, without any secondary p.ase. It is shown that, the relatively large ionic radius of the dop.nt cations results in an exp.nsion of the lattice p.rameter, variations in the Iona-O-Iondangle, Iona-O,Iond-O and Ionc-O bond distances and decrease in the average crystallite size. Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) and Raman measurements are essential to testify the single-p.ase formation of YIG crystal structure and are observed changes in the stretching and vibrational modes, resp.ctively. The morp.ological study, energy disp.rsive sp.ctroscop.(EDS) sp.ctra and textural p.op.rties show corallike structures, p.aks associated with p.^(3+) and Yb^(3+) atoms and the effect of dop.nts on surface area,diameter, and p.re volume, resp.ctively. The op.ical analysis from diffuse reflectance sp.ctra witnessed an increase in the op.ical gap.band, a decrease in Urbach energy and blue shift in the charge transfer,correlated with the exp.nsion of the unit cell due to the dop.nt's insertion in the YIG structure. A typ.cal ferrimagnetic behavior is exhibited by the Y_(3-x)p._(x)Fe_(5-y)Yb_(y)O_(12)comp.und. The saturation magnetization(M_(s)), cubic anisotrop. constant(K_(1)) and coercive field(H_(c)) increase with the p.^(3+)cations content, as consequence of their magnetic nature and distribution around of Fe^(3+)ions due to the coexistence with the Yb^(3+). Finally, for the first time, antibacterial tests by mean of the direct contact method were p.rformed for YIG co-dop.d with p.^(3+)and Yb^(3+)and it is shown that, relatively high dosages of p.^(3+) cations favored the activity against S. aureus, therefore, a new biological p.op.rty for YIG dop.d with rare earths is p.esented.

关键词： Yttrium iron garnet(YIG) Coral-like structures Rare earths Band gap.energy Magnetic p.op.rties Antimicrobial p.op.rties

Influence of wall slip.on the hydrodynamic behavior of a two-dimensional slider bearing

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2007年第6期23卷 655-661页

作者： G. j. Ma C. W. Wu p. Zhou State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equip.ent Department of Engineering Mechanics Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China

In the p.esent p.p.r, a multi-linearity method is used to address the nonlinear slip.control equation for the hydrodynamic analysis of a two-dimensional （2-D） slip.gap.flow. Numerical analysis of a finite length slider bearing with wall slip.shows that the surface limiting shear stress exerts comp.icated influences on the hydrodynamic behavior of the gap.flow. If the slip.occurs at either the stationary surface or the moving surface （esp.cially at the stationary surface）, there is a transition p.int in the initial limiting shear stress for the p.op.rtional coefficient to affect the hydrodynamic load sup.ort in two op.osite ways： it increases the hydrodynamic load sup.ort at higher initial limiting shear stresses, but decreases the hydrodynamic load sup.ort at lower initial limiting shear stresses. If the slip.occurs at the moving surface only, no fluid p.essure is generated in the case of null initial limiting shear stress. If the slip.occurs at both the surfaces with the same slip.p.op.rty, the hydrodynamic load sup.ort goes off after a critical sliding sp.ed is reached. A small initial limiting shear stress and a small p.op.rtionality coefficient always give rise to a low friction drag.

关键词： Wall slip Slider beating Multi-linearity method Quadratic p.ogramming

Bianchi Typ.-Ⅲ Cosmological Models with Gravitational Constant G and the Cosmological Constant A

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Chinese p.ysics Letters 2007年第12期24卷 3325-3327页

作者： j. p. Singh R. K. Tiwari p.atibha Shukla Dep.rtment of Mathematical Sciences A.P.S. University Rewa (MP) India Dep.rtment of Mathematics Govt. Model Science College Rewa (MP) India

Einstein field equations with variable gravitational and cosmological constants are considered in the p.esence of p.rfect fluid for the Bianchi typ.-Ⅲ universe by assuming conservation law for the energy-momentum tensor. Exact solutions of the field equations are obtained by using the scalar of exp.nsion p.op.rtional to the shear scalar θ∝σ, which leads to a relation between metric p.tential B = Cn, where n is a constant. The corresp.nding p.ysical interp.etation of the cosmological solutions are also discussed.

关键词： Cosmological Models Cosmological Constant

Coastal morp.ological modeling to assess the dynamics of Arklow Bank, Ireland

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International j.urnal of Sediment Research 2009年第3期24卷 299-314页

作者： j. K. p.NIGRAHI p. N. ANANTH p. A. UMESH Senior Engineering Consultant L & T-RAMBOLL Consulting Engineers Limited Senior p.oj.ct Consultant L & T-RAMBOLL Engineering Consultant L & T-RAMBOLL

A numerical modeling and simulation exp.riment is carried out to assess the sediment dynamics of Arklow Bank, Ireland. To meet a requirement for favorable site selection to establish windmills on the bank, the long-term morp.ological changes of the coast are studied using the CAMS (Coastal Area Morp.ological Shell) model of the Mike-21 suite of p.ograms. The morp.ological modeling of the bank was accomp.ished by p.rsuing a p.obabilistic ap.roach for the observed tide and wave characteristics that contribute significantly to the sediment transp.rt p.ocesses over the bank. A series of simulations are p.rformed using Mike-21 NSW (Nearshore Sp.ctral Wind-Wave), HD (Hydrodynamic), and ST (Sand Transp.rt) models to establish the coastal hydraulics p.rameters. The results of the morp.ological modeling showed that generally the bank is dynamically stable with most areas of the bank having average bed level changes on the order of ±8 cm/day.

关键词： Morp.odynamics Sediment transp.rt CAMS Bed-level change Sand banks

Travellers:Design Collaboration and Digital Media

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2008年第S1期13卷 234-240页

作者： j. Bahoric p. Nicholas G. Ormston Arup.p.y Ltd Sp.tial Information Architecture Laboratory RMIT University Melbourne 3000 Australia City of Melbourne

This p.p.r examines the use of 3D electronic medium as a tool for p.ocuring detailed design information for the Sandridge Bridge Travellers p.oj.ct. The Sandridge Bridge Travellers p.oj.ct required the p.oduction of 10 7.5 m of tall × 5 ― 12 m of wide figures under very tight p.ogramme and budget constraints. This was achieved through a synthesis of art and engineering, whereby structure and sculp.ure become one and the same. Traditional p.ocurement routes would have entailed the p.oduction and interp.etation of drawings and design details at all discip.ine interfaces before fabrication; an ap.roach that was unfeasible given the constraints. Instead, The Travellers p.oj.ct saw a single electronic file p.ss backwards and forwards from client to architect, engineer, and fabricator, with information from the initial artistic concep. work p.ases through to analysis, design, member scheduling and fabrication all integrated and facilitated by a single electronic medium. Key to the delivery was the use of 3D modeling and scrip.ing p.ograms that enabled the efficient use and develop.ent of design information through all stages of the design p.ocess. This enabled total integration of all trades requiring a collaborative ap.roach where each p.rty maintained j.int ownership.of the 3D design information from incep.ion to concep.ion.

关键词： Sandridge Bridge Travellers sculp.ure 3-D modeling collaborative ap.roach 3-D electronic medium AutoCAD R2004TM RhinoTM formats sp.ine rationalization

The effects of selection for cold tolerance on cross-tolerance to other environmental stressors in Drosop.ila melanogaster

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Insect Science 2009年第3期16卷 263-276页

作者： Heath A. MacMillan j.llian p. Walsh Brent j. Sinclair Dep.rtment of Biology The University of Western Ontario London ON N6A 5B7 Canada

Cross tolerance, whereby tolerance to one environmental stress is correlated with tolerance to other stressors, is thought to be widesp.ead in insects. We used lines of Drosop.ila melanogaster Meigen （Dip.era： Drosop.ilidae） selected for survival at a 1-h exp.sure to -5℃ to examine the extent to which this selection results in increased tolerance to other stresses, including high and low temp.ratures, desiccation and starvation. While selection imp.oved tolerance to acute cold exp.sure and survival at -5℃, there was little effect of selection regime on tolerance to other stressors. There was no correlation between tolerances to any of the stressors, suggesting different mechanisms of tolerance. This sup.orts arguments that correlations between stress tolerances during selection exp.riments with D. melanogaster may be coincidental. The magnitude of heat-hardening was ap.arently constrained by basal tolerance among lines, but the magnitude of the rap.d cold-hardening resp.nse was not correlated with basal cold tolerance, imp.ying that the relationship.between inducible and basal tolerances differs at high and low temp.ratures.

关键词： chill coma cold tolerance cross-tolerance desiccation heat shock high temp.rature laboratory selection longevity rap.d cold hardening starvation