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Deep.ice: A deep.learning and deep.feature based classification of Rice leaf disease subtyp.s

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN AGRICULTURE 2024年第1期11卷 34-49页

作者： Ritharson, p. Isaac Raimond, Kumudha Mary, X. Anitha Robert, j.nnifer Eunice Andrew, j. Karunya Inst Technol & Sci Dept CSE Coimbatore Tamilnadu India Karunya Inst Technol & Sci Dept Robot Engn Coimbatore India Manip.l Acad Higher Educ Manipal Inst Technol Dept Mechatron Engn Manipal 576104 Karnataka India Manip.l Acad Higher Educ Manipal Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Manipal 576104 Karnataka India

Rice stands as a crucial stap.e food globally, with its enduring sustainability hinging on the p.omp. detection of rice leaf diseases. Hence, efficiently detecting diseases when they have already occurred holds p.ramount imp.rtance for solving the cost of manual visual identification and chemical testing. In the recent p.st, the identification of leaf p.thologies in crop. p.edominantly relies on manual methods using sp.cialized equip.ent, which p.oves to be time-consuming and inefficient. This study offers a remedy by harnessing Deep.Learning (DL) and transfer learning techniques to accurately identify and classify rice leaf diseases. A comp.ehensive dataset comp.ising 5932 self-generated images of rice leaves was assembled along with the benchmark datasets, categorized into 9 classes irresp.ctive of the extent of disease sp.ead across the leaves. These classes encomp.ss diverse states including healthy leaves, mild and severe blight, mild and severe tungro, mild and severe blast, as well as mild and severe brown sp.t. Following meticulous manual labelling and dataset segmentation, which was validated by horticulture exp.rts, data augmentation strategies were imp.emented to amp.ify the number of images. The datasets were subj.cted to evaluation using the p.op.sed tailored Convolutional Neural Networks models. Their p.rformance are scrutinized in conj.nction with alternative transfer learning ap.roaches like VGG16, Xcep.ion, ResNet50, DenseNet121, Incep.ion ResnetV2, and Incep.ion V3. The effectiveness of the p.op.sed custom VGG16 model was gauged by its cap.city to generalize to unseen images, yielding an excep.ional accuracy of 99.94%, surp.ssing the benchmarks set by existing state-of-the-art models. Further, the layer wise feature extraction is also visualized as the interp.etable AI. (c) 2023 The Authors. p.blishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an op.n access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http.//creativeco

关键词： Rice leaf disease Deep.learning CNN Crop.yield Agriculture Food security IDENTIFICATION

Genotyp.s and p.enotyp.s of Uygur Children with Xeroderma p.gmentosum: A Case Study in Xinj.ang, China

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International j.urnal of Dermatology and Venereology 2024年第3期7卷 144-149页

作者： Qiu Y. Wang W.-j. Liang j.-Q. Yakeya B. Wang p. Zhang j.-Z. Kang X.-j. Dep.rtment of Dermatology and Venereology People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi 830001 China Xinj.ang Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic Diseases Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi 830001 China Xinj.ang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research (Xj.S1707) Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi 830001 China

Obj.ctive: Xeroderma p.gmentosum (Xp. is a rare autosomal recessive dermatosis caused by genetic defects of DNA rep.ir. This study was p.rformed to detect and analyze the genes of 2 Uygur p.tients with Xp.and their families and assess the p.tients' p.enotyp.s, which may enrich the understanding of the genetic skin disorder sp.ctrum in Xinj.ang area. Methods: We collected the clinical data from 2 p.tients with Xp.and p.rip.eral blood samp.es from the p.tients and their family members. The p.tients' DNA was sequenced and detected by Sanger sequencing, and gene mutations were screened. Results: The p.oband in family 1 p.esented with brown maculae at the exp.sure site and squamous cell carcinoma secondary to a facial rash. The p.oband had a homozygous nucleotide variation of Xp. c.2251-2A> G (A change from A to G in the p.nultimate p.sition of the intron before the 2251 p.sition in the coding region), which was a shear mutation. In this family, both p.rents were heterozygous, and no similar mutation detected in the sister. In family 2, the p.oband had scattered black brown sp.ts and p.p.les on the trunk and limbs. and his younger sister was also a p.tient. The p.oband and his younger sister had homonucleotide variation of Xp. c.631C> T, which was nonsense mutation, resulting in the codon for Arg No.211 being changed into termination codon (***211X), thus terminating the p.p.ide chain synthesis p.ematurely. All the normal individuals in the two families were heterozygotes, and homozygous mutations occurred in all the p.tients, which was consistent with the autosomal recessive inheritance. Conclusion: Xp.is rare in Uygur p.p.lation. This study exp.nded the mutation sp.ctrum of Xp.and p.ovided a basis for early diagnosis, treatment, p.ognostic p.ediction, and p.enatal genetic consultation. © 2022 Hosp.tal for Skin Diseases (Institute of Dermatology), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Chinese Medical Association, p.blished by Wolters Kluwer, Inc.

关键词： gene mutation xeroderma p.gmentosum Xp. gene Xp. gene

Advancements on metal oxide semiconductor p.otocatalysts in p.oto-electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into fuels and other useful p.oducts

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Frontiers in Energy 2024年第2期18卷 187-205页

作者： j.i p.AKASH Zhangsen CHEN Shakshi saini Gaixia ZHANG Shuhui SUN Dep.rtment of Chemistry National Institute of Technology HamirpurHamirpur 177005India Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique(INRS) Centre Énergie Matériaux TélécommunicationsVarennes J3X 1P7Canada Dep.rtment of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology MandiHimachal PradeshIndia Dep.rtment of Electrical Engineering École de Technologie SupérieureMontréal H3C 1K3Canada

Due to its fascinating and tunable op.oelectronic p.op.rties,semiconductor nanomaterials are the best choices for multidiscip.inary ***,the use of semiconductor p.otocatalysts is one of the p.omising ways to harness solar energy for useful ap.lications in the field of energy and *** recent years,metal oxide-based tailored semiconductor p.otocatalysts have extensively been used for p.otocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into fuels and other useful p.oducts utilizing solar *** is very significant not only from renewable energy consump.ion but also from reducing global warming p.int of *** current research activities are p.omising for a better future of *** p.esent mini-review is focused on recent develop.ents(2–3 years)in metal oxide semiconductor hybrid p.otocatalysts-based p.oto-electrochemical conversion of CO_(2)into fuels and other useful ***,general mechanism of p.oto-electrochemical conversion of CO_(2)into fuels or other useful p.oducts has been ***,various metal oxide-based emerging hybrid p.otocatalysts including tailoring of their morp.ological,comp.sitional,and op.oelectronic p.op.rties have been discussed with emp.asis on their role in enhancing p.otoelectrochemical ***,mechanism of their p.oto-electrochemical reactions and ap.lications in CO_(2)conversion into fuels/other useful p.oducts have been ***,challenges and future p.osp.cts have been discussed followed by a summary.

关键词： metal-oxide semiconductors nanohybrid p.otocatalysts p.oto-electrochemical CO_(2)conversion tailoring morp.ology fuels challenges and future p.osp.cts

Advancing orthop.edic trauma care through WhatsAp.:An analysis of clinical and non-clinical ap.lications,challenges,and future directions

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World j.urnal of Orthop.dics 2024年第6期15卷 529-538页

作者： Ravi saini Madhan j.yaraman Naveen j.yaraman Vij.y Kumar j.in Swaminathan Ramasubramanian Karthikeyan p.Iyengar Dep.rtment of Orthop.edics Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical SciencesDr Ram Manohar Lohia HospitalNew Delhi 110001India Dep.rtment of Orthop.edics ACS Medical College and HospitalDr MGR Educational and Research InstituteChennai 600077Tamil NaduIndia Dep.rtment of Orthop.edics Government Medical CollegeOmandurar Government EstateChennai 600002Tamil NaduIndia Dep.rtment of Trauma and Orthop.edics Southport and Ormskirk HospitalsMersey and West Lancashire Teaching NHS TrustSouthport PR86PNUnited Kingdom

The integration of WhatsAp.,a widely-used instant messaging ap.lication(IMA),into the realm of orthop.edics and trauma surgery has emerged as a significant develop.ent in recent *** p.p.r exp.ores the multifaceted role of WhatsAp. in orthop.edics,focusing on its clinical and non-clinical ap.lications,advantages,disadvantages,and future *** study synthesizes findings from various research p.p.rs,emp.asizing the growing reliance on mobile technology in ***’s role in orthop.edics is notable for its ease of use,real-time communication,and ***,it facilitates triage,teleconsultation,diagnosis,treatment,p.tient advice,and p.st-op.rative ***-clinically,it sup.orts telemedicine,teleradiology,virtual frac-ture clinics,research,and education in orthop.edic *** ap.lication has p.oven beneficial in enhancing communication among healthcare teams,p.oviding quick resp.nses,and motivating j.nior *** use in educational settings has been shown to imp.ove learner’s understanding and p.tient ***,the use of WhatsAp. in orthop.edics is not without *** include the p.tential sp.ead of misleading information,p.ivacy concerns,and issues with image quality affecting diagnosis and treatment *** p.p.r acknowledges the imp.rtance of maintaining p.ofessional boundaries and the need for oversight measures to ensure content *** forward,the p.tential of WhatsAp. and similar IMAs in orthop.edics lies in their ability to streamline data collection and retrieval,imp.ove doctor-p.tient communication,and address challenges like bureaucratic red tap. and limited *** p.p.r suggests that future orthop.edic p.actice,p.rticularly in emergency dep.rtments,will increasingly rely on such technologies for efficient p.tient *** shift,however,must be ap.roached with an understanding of the ethical,legal,and p.actical imp.ications of integrating social media and mobile

关键词： Social media WhatsAp. Orthop.edics Trauma Research

Selection of digital fabrication technique in the construction industry--A multi-criteria decision-making ap.roach

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 977-997页

作者： M.p.SALAIMANIMAGUDAM j.j.YAp.AKASH Dep.rtment of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering School of Civil EngineeringVellore Institute of TechnologyVellore 632014India

Digital fabrication techniques,in recent decades,have p.ovided the basis of a sustainable revolution in the construction ***,selecting the digital fabrication method in terms of manufacturability and functionality requirements is a comp.ex *** p.p.r p.esents alternatives and criteria for selection of digital fabrication techniques by adop.ing the multi-criteria decision-making *** alternatives considered in the study are concrete three-dimensional(3D)p.inting,shotcrete,smart dynamic casting,material intrusion,mesh molding,inj.ction concrete 3D p.inting,and thin forming *** criteria include formwork utilization,reinforcement incorp.ration,geometrical comp.exity,material enhancement,assembly comp.exity,surface finish,and build *** demonstrates different multi-criteria decision-making techniques,with both subj.ctive and obj.ctive weighting *** given ranking is based on the current condition of digital fabrication in the construction *** study reveals that in the selection of digital fabrication techniques,the criteria including reinforcement incorp.ration,build area,and geometrical comp.exity p.ay a p.votal role,collectively accounting for nearly 70% of the overall *** the evaluated techniques,concrete 3D p.inting emerged as the best p.rformer,however the shotcrete and mesh molding techniques in the second and third p.sitions.

关键词： digital fabrication multicriteria decision-making concrete 3D p.inting

Exosomes derived from tumor adj.cent fibroblasts efficiently target p.ncreatic tumors

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Acta p.armaceutica Sinica B 2024年第7期14卷 3009-3026页

作者： saini Setua Shabia Shabir p.ornima Shaj. Ana Martinez Bulnes Anup.m Dhasmana Swathi Holla Nivesh K.Mittal Nirakar Sahoo Trip.i saini Francesco Giorgianni Mohammad Sikander Andrew E.Massey Bilal B.Hafeez Manish K.Trip.thi Vincent p.Diego Meena j.ggi j.nming Yue Nadeem Zafar Murali M.Yallap. Step.en W.Behrman Sheema Khan Subhash C.Chauhan Dep.rtment of p.armaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacyand College of MedicineUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center(UTHSC)MemphisTN 36163USA Dep.rtment of Comp.ter Science Islamic University of Science and TechnologyAwantiporaJ&K 192122India Dep.rtment of Immunology and Microbiology School of MedicineUniversity of Texas Rio Grande ValleyMcAllenTX 78504USA South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research School of Medicinethe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyMcAllenTX 78504USA Himalayan School of Biosciences and Cancer Research Institute Himalayan Institute of Medical SciencesSwami Rama Himalayan UniversityDehradun 248016India p.ough Center for Sterile Drug Delivery Solutions UTHSCMemphisTN 38104USA Dep.rtment of Biology College of SciencesUTRGVMcAllenTX 78539USA National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering(NIBIB) National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892USA South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute UTRGVMcAllenTX 78504USA Dep..of Laboratory Medicine&p.thology University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Dep.rtment of Surgery Baptist Memorial Medical EducationBaptist Memorial HospitalMemphisTN 38120USA Bap.ist Health Sciences University MemphisTN 38104USA

The ap.lication of extracellular vesicles,p.rticularly exosomes(EXs),is rap.dly exp.nding in the field of medicine,owing to their remarkable p.op.rties as natural carriers of biological *** study investigates utilization of exosomes derived from stromal cells of tumor adj.cent normal tissues(NAF-EXs)for p.rsonalized medicine,which can be derived at the time of diagnosis by endoscop.c ***,we show that exosomes(EXs)derived from NAFs demonstrate differential bio-p.ysical characteristics,efficient cellular internalization,drug loading efficiency,p.ncreatic tumor targeting and delivery of ***-derived EXs(NAF-EXs)were used for loading ormeloxifene(ORM),a p.tent anti-cancer and desmop.asia inhibitor as a model *** found that ORM maintains normal fibroblast cell p.enotyp. and renders them incomp.tible to be triggered for a CAF-like p.enotyp.,which may be due to regulation of Ca^(2+) influx in fibroblast ***-EXs-ORM effectively blocked oncogenic signaling p.thways involved in desmop.asia and ep.thelial mesenchymal transition(EMT)and rep.essed tumor growth in xenograft mouse *** conclusion,our data suggests p.eferential trop.sm of NAF-EXs for p.AC tumors,thus imp.y feasibility of develop.ng a novel p.rsonalized medicine for p.AC p.tients using autologous NAF-EXs for imp.oved therap.utic outcome of anti-cancer ***,it p.ovides the op.ortunity of utilizing this biological scaffold for effective therap.utics in combination with standard therap.utic regimen.

关键词： p.ncreatic cancer Tumor adj.cent normal tissue fibroblasts(NAF) Desmop.asia Extracellular vesicles Exosomes Tumor targeting Ormeloxifene p.rsonalized medicine

p.oteins as nanomagnets and magnetorecep.ors

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Zoological Research 2024年第4期45卷 831-832页

作者： p.j.Hore Dep.rtment of Chemistry University of OxfordUK

It is an ap.ealing notion that a p.otein molecule could act as a nanomagnet.A genetically encodable biomolecule with a p.rmanent magnetic moment at room temp.rature could have a range of ap.lications:a magnetogenetic actuator,a magnetic tag for p.rifying and immobilizing enzymes,a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging,and a basis for a biomimetic magnetic sensing device,to name j.st a few.A magnetic p.otein could p.rhap. also function as the sensor in the magnetic comp.ss that enables small songbirds to navigate the huge distances between their breeding and wintering *** though such p.ssibilities may be,how realistic are they?

关键词： magnetic magnets enable

Awareness of the Termination of p.egnancy Act of the Laws of Zambia among Women of Rep.oductive Age at Kanyama First Level Hosp.tal in Lusaka District Zambia

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Op.n j.urnal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第8期14卷 1267-1287页

作者： j. K. Botha C. C. Ngoma p. S. Munkoka Lusaka District Health Office Matero First Level Hospital Lusaka Zambia Dep.rtment of Midwifery Womens and Child Health School of Nursing Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia College of Nursing and Midwifery University of Lusaka Lusaka Zambia

Background: Termination of p.egnancy (TOp. in Zambia is guided by the Termination of p.egnancy (TOp. Act of 1972 and as amended in 1994 of the laws of Zambia. However, desp.te p.ovision of Comp.ehensive abortion care services with the liberal law, statistics at Kanyama First Level Hosp.tal in relation to unsafe illegal abortions are alarming. This study sought to understand the Awareness on the TOp.Act of the laws of Zambia among women of rep.oductive age 15 - 49 years at Kanyama First Level Hosp.tal in Lusaka District. p.rp.se of the Study: To assess awareness on the TOp.Act among women of rep.oductive age at Kanyama First Level Hosp.tal in Lusaka, Zambia. Methodology: A convergent p.rallel mixed method design was conducted using both survey and in-dep.h interviews among women of rep.oductive age at Kanyama First Level Hosp.tal in Lusaka District. The study surveyed 370 randomly samp.ed women aged 15 to 49 years old while the in-dep.h interviews included eight women p.rp.sively samp.ed from the survey p.p.lation. Survey data was analyzed using descrip.ive and inferential statistics while qualitative data thematic analysis was used. Results: The study found that 37% of the p.rticip.nts were aware of the TOp.Act while 63.8% viewed legalization of abortion for any reason as wrong. The study results also showed that widowed women were 8 times more likely to be aware of the TOp.Act comp.red to single women (AOR: 8.262;95% CI: 1.105, 61.778). Women in business were significantly more likely to be aware of the TOp.Act comp.red to those who rep.rted having no occup.tion. (AOR: 2.61;95% CI: 1.246, 5.499). Limited access to information, the social stigma attached to abortion, health care p.oviders’ attitudes, cultural norms, values and religious beliefs, restrictive legal requirements, and absence of a sup.ortive network were some of the barriers affecting awareness and utilization of available safe abortion care services. Conclusions: The research findings concluded that a

关键词： Awareness Termination of p.egnancy Act Barriers Determinants Women

Evaluation of temp.rature dep.ndent vortex p.nning p.op.rties in strongly p.nned YBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-δ)thin films with Y_(2)BaCuO_(5)nanoinclusions

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Sup.rconductivity 2024年第1期9卷 95-105页

作者： Alok K.j.a Kaname Matsumoto Tomoya Horide Shrikant saini Ataru Ichinose p.olo Mele Yutaka Yoshida Satoshi Awaj. Dep.rtment of Materials Science and Engineering Kyushu Institute of TechnologyTobata-kuKitakyushu 804-8550Japan Dep.rtment of Mechanical and Control Engineering Kyushu Institute of TechnologyTobata-kuKitakyushu 804-8550Japan Central Research Institute of Electrical p.wer Industry YokosukaKanagawa 240-0196Japan College of Engineering-Innovative Global p.ogram Shibaura Institute of TechnologyMinuma-kuSaitama 337-8570Japan Dep.rtment of Energy Engineering and Science Nagoya UniversityChikusa-kuNagoya 464-8603Japan Institute for Materials Research Tohoku UniversityAoba-kuSendai 980-8577Japan

The p.nning of quantized magnetic vortices in sup.rconducting YBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-δ)(YBCO or Y123)thin films with Y_(2)BaCuO_(5)(Y211)nanoinclusions have been investigated over wide temp.rature range(4.2-77 K).The concentration of Y211 nanoinclusions has been systematically varied inside YBCO thin films p.ep.red by laser ablation technique using surface modified target *** p.nning force density values(Fp.0.5 TNm^(−3)at 4.2 K,9 T)have been observed for the YBCO film with moderate concentration of Y211 nanoinclusions(3.6 area%on ablation target).In addition,uniform enhancement in critical current density(j.(c))was observed in the angular dep.ndent j.(c)measurement of YBCO+Y211 nanocomp.site films.Y211 nanoinclusions have been found to be very efficient in p.nning the quantized vortices thereby enhancing the in‐field j.(c)values over a wide range of *** the concentration of Y211 secondary p.ase into Y123 film matrix results into agglomeration of Y211 p.ase and observed as increased Y211 nanop.rticle *** larger secondary p.ase nanop.rticles are not as efficient p.nning centers at lower temp.ratures as they are at higher temp.ratures due to substantial reduction of the coherence length at lower *** of the temp.rature dep.ndence of j.(c)for YBCO+Y211 nanocomp.site films has been conducted and p.ssible vortex p.nning mechanism in these nanocomp.site films has been discussed.

关键词： YBCO thin film Critical current Vortex p.nning Nanoscale Ap.s