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Understanding pediatric surgical needs in North Korea: a m.deling analysis

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World j.urnal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第1期7卷 47-53页

作者： Phillip j.Hsu Sangchul Yoon Kee B park University of m.chigan Ann ArborMichiganUSA Departm.nt of Global Health and Social m.dicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Departm.nt of m.dical Hum.nitiesand Social Sciences Yonsei University SeoulSouth Korea

Background Sixty-five percent of children worldwide lack access to surgical care,the m.j.rity of whom.live in low-incom. and m.ddle-incom. countries(Lm.Cs).Developing surgical infrastructure requires inform.tion on surgical need;however,this inform.tion is often lim.ted in *** Korea(Dem.cratic People's Republic of Korea,DPRK)has a low am.unt of publicly available ***,we analyzed available m.deled data to understand the causes of pediatric deaths due to conditions treatable with surgery in *** We used World Bank data and m.dels from.the Institute for Health m.trics and Evaluation to identify causes of pediatric deaths affecting pediatric patients(agem.ared m.rtality of disease between DPRK and countries with sim.lar econom.c *** Between 1990 and 2019,the num.er of overall pediatric deaths has *** 2019,32.2%of allpediatric deaths in DPRK were caused by surgical *** leading categories of surgical conditions were inj.ries(53.9%),congenital conditions(34.2%),tum.rs(8.8%),and abdom.nal conditions(3.2%).DPRK has a lower relative rate of pediatric deaths com.ared with other Lm.Cs with sim.lar gross dom.stic product per ***,it has a higher relative rate of pediatric deaths due to conditions requiring treatm.nt with *** inj.ries contribute significantly to the high rate of pediatric deaths in *** Although DPRK m.y be allocating overall resources toward pediatric healthcare m.re efficiently than econom.c peers,DPRK m.y benefit from.im.rovem.nt in pediatric surgical *** availability of data and close international collaboration could be potential solutions to bridge this gap.

关键词： pediatric surgical inj.ries

Does the Redshift Distribution of Swift Long GRBs Trace the Star-Form.tion Rate?

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International j.urnal of Astronom. and Astrophysics 2024年第1期14卷 20-44页

作者： Ali m. Hasan Walid j. Azzam Departm.nt of Physics College of Science University of Bahrain Sakhir Bahrain

Gam.a-ray bursts (GRBs) are extrem.ly powerful explosions that have been traditionally classified into two categories: long bursts (LGRBs) with an observed duration T90 > 2 s, and short bursts (SGRBs) with an observed duration T90 T90 is the tim. interval during which 90% of the fluence is detected. LGRBs are believed to em.nate from.the core-collapse of m.ssive stars, while SGRBs are believed to result from.the m.rging of two com.act obj.cts, like two neutron stars. Because LGRBs are produced by the violent death of m.ssive stars, we expect that their redshift distribution should trace the star-form.tion rate (SFR). The purpose of our study is to investigate the extent to which the redshift distribution of LGRBs follows and reflects the SFR. We use a sam.le of 370 LGRBs taken from.the Swift catalog, and we investigate different m.dels for the LGRB redshift distribution. We also carry out m.nte Carlo sim.lations to check the consistency of our results. Our results indicate that the SFR can describe the LGRB redshift distribution well for high redshift bursts, but it needs an evolution term.to fit the distribution well at low redshift.

关键词： Gam.a-Ray Bursts Redshift Distribution Star-Form.tion Rate

Drought events influence nutrient canopy exchanges and green leaf partitioning during senescence in a deciduous forest

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Forest Ecosystem. 2024年第1期11卷 110-119页

作者： j.Touche C.Calvaruso P.De Donato m.-P.Turpault INRAE BEFF-54000NancyFrance Um. 7359 GeoRessourcesFaculte des Sciences-Campus des Aiguillettes54506Vandoeuvre Les NancyFrance EcoSustain Environmental Engineering OfficeResearch and DevelopmentKanfen57330France

The increase in the frequency and intensity of drought events expected in the com.ng decades in Western Europe m.y disturb forest biogeochem.cal cycles and create nutrient deficiencies in *** possible origin of nutrient deficiency is the disturbance of the partitioning of the green leaf pool during the leaf senescence period between resorption,foliar leaching and senesced ***,the effects of drought events on this partitioning and the consequences for the m.intenance of tree nutrition are poorly *** experim.nt in a beech forest in m.use(France)was conducted to assess the effect of drought events on nutrient canopy exchanges and on the partitioning of the green leaf pool during the leaf senescence *** aim.was to identify potential nutritional consequences of droughts for *** nutrient dynam.cs,including resorption,chem.stry of green and senesced leaves,foliar absorption and leaching in m.ture beech stands from.2012 to 2019 allowed us to com.are the nutrient exchanges for three nondry and three dry years(i.e.,with an intense drought event during the growing season).During dry years,we observed a decrease by alm.st a third of the potassium.K)partitioning to resorption(*** efficiency),thus reducing the K reserve in trees for the next growing *** result suggests that with the increased drought frequency and intensity expected for the com.ng decades,there will be a risk of potassium.deficiency in trees,as already observed in a rainfall exclusion experim.nt on the sam. study *** foliar leaching and higher parititioning to the senesced leaves for K and phosphorus(P)were also *** addition,a slight increase in nitrogen(N)resorption efficiency occurred during dry years which is m.re likely to im.rove tree *** calcium.Ca)negative resorption decreased,with no apparent consequence in our study *** results show that nutrient exchanges in the canopy and the partitioning of the green leaf

关键词： Natural drought Beech forest Canopy Resorption Foliar leaching Senesced leaves Nutrition

Iso-propagation vortices:a breakthrough in optical com.unication technology

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第3期6卷 13-15页

作者： Cherry park j.nsuk Rho Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH) Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohangRepublic of Korea Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH) Department of Chemical EngineeringPohangRepublic of Korea Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH) Department of Electrical EngineeringPohangRepublic of Korea POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and m.taphotonics PohangRepublic of Korea

The rapid advance of optical com.unication technology requires im.rovem.nts in data transm.ssion capacity and *** m.thods of increasing the transm.ssion capacity such as polarization,wavelength,and spatial m.de division m.ltiplexing have shown significant prom.se,while spatial m.de division m.ltiplexing(SDm.offers a new approach through the use of orthogonal spatial m.des as distinct com.unication channels.

关键词： com.unication optical polarization

Electrochem.cally Deposited CZTSSe Thin Film. for m.nolithic Perovskite Tandem.Solar Cells with Efficiencies Over 17%

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Energy & Environm.ntal m.terials 2024年第1期7卷 147-152页

作者： Sun Kyung Hwang Ik j.e park Se Won Seo j.e Hyun park So j.ong park j.n Young Kim Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Engineering Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Departm.nt of Applied Physics Sookmyung Women's UniversitySeoul 04310Korea Research Institute of Advanced m.terials and System. Sookmyung Women's UniversitySeoul 04310Korea Research Institute of Advanced m.terials(RIAm. Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

In spite of the high potential econom.c feasibility of the tandem.solar cells consisting of the halide perovskite and the kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4(CZTSSe),they have rarely been dem.nstrated due to the difficulty in im.lem.nting solution-processed perovskite top cell on the rough surface of the bottom.***,we firstly dem.nstrate an efficient m.nolithic two-term.nal perovskite/CZTSSe tandem.solar cell by significantly reducing the surface roughness of the electrochem.cally deposited CZTSSe bottom.*** surface roughness(R_(rm.))of the CZTSSe thin film.could be reduced from.424 to 86 nm.by using the potentiostatic m.de rather than using the conventional galvanostatic m.de,which can be further reduced to 22 nm.after the subsequent ion-m.lling *** perovskite top cell with a bandgap of 1.65 eV could be prepared using a solution process on the flattened CZTSSe bottom.cell,resulting in the efficient perovskite/CZTSSe tandem.solar *** the current m.tching between two subcells involving the thickness control of the perovskite layer,the best perform.ng tandem.device exhibited a high conversion efficiency of 17.5%without the hysteresis effect.

关键词： CZTSSe m.nolithic tandem.solar cells perovskite solution process surface roughness control

Biochar-based m.terials as rem.diation strategy in petroleum.hydrocarbon-contam.nated soil and water:Perform.nces,m.chanism.,and environm.ntal im.act

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j.urnal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 350-372页

作者： Zhuo Wei YiWei Yang Liu Shuai Niu Yaxi Xu j.ng-Hwan park j.m.j.Wang Faculty of Environm.ntal Science&Engineering Kunming University of Science&TechnologyKunming 650500China School of Plant Environment&Soil SciencesLouisiana State University AgCenter.Baton RougeLA 70803USA Departm.nt of Life Resources Industry Dong-A University37Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gilSaha-guBusan 49315South Korea

Petroleum.contam.nation is considered as a m.j.r risk to the health of hum.ns and *** as low-cost and eco-friendly carbon m.terials,have been widely used for the rem.val of petroleum.hydrocarbon in the *** purpose of this paper is to review the perform.nce,m.chanism.,and potential environm.ntal toxicity of biochar,m.dified biochar and its integration use with other m.terials in petroleum.contam.nated soil and ***,the use of biochar in oil-contam.nated water and soil as well as the factors that could influence the rem.val ability of biochar were system.tically *** addition,the m.dification and integrated use of biochar for im.roving the rem.val efficiency were sum.arized from.the aspects of sorption,biodegradation,chem.cal degradation,and ***,the functional im.acts and associated ecotoxicity of pristine and m.dified biochars in various environm.nts were ***,som. shortcom.ng of current approaches,and future research needs were provided for the future direction and challenges of m.dified biochar ***,this paper gain insight into biochar application in petroleum.rem.diation from.the perspectives of perform.nce enhancem.nt and environm.ntal sustainability.

关键词： Petroleum.contam.nation Adsorbent Biorem.diation Biochar m.dification Ecotoxicity

Environm.ntally adaptive reshaping of plant photom.rphogenesis by karrikin and strigolactone signaling

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j.urnal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第5期66卷 865-882页

作者： Young-j.on park Bo Eun Nam.Chung-m. park Departm.nt of Sm.rt Farm.Science Kyung Hee UniversityYongin 17104Korea Departm.ntof Biological Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Departm.nt of Chem.stry Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

Coordinated m.rphogenic adaptation of growing plants is critical for their survival and propagation under fluctuating *** m.rphogenic responses to light and warm.tem.eratures,term.d photom.rphogenesis and therm.m.rphogenesis,respectively,have been extensively studied in recent *** photom.rphogenesis,plants actively reshape their growth and developm.ntal patterns to cope with changes in light ***,photom.rphogenesis is closely associated with diverse growth horm.nal ***,accum.lating evidence indicates that light-directed m.rphogenesis is profoundly affected by two recently identified phytochem.cals,karrikins(KARs)and strigolactones(SLs).KARs and SLs are structurally related butenolides acting as signaling m.lecules during a variety of developm.ntal steps,including seed *** receptors and signaling m.diators have been identified,and associated working m.chanism. have been explored using gene-deficient m.tants in various plant *** particular interest is that the KAR and SL signaling pathways play im.ortant roles in environm.ntal responses,am.ng which their linkages with photom.rphogenesis are m.st com.rehensively studied during seedling *** this review,we focus on how the phytochem.cal and light signals converge on the optim.zation of m.rphogenic *** also discuss m.lecular m.chanism. underlying the signaling crosstalks with an aim.of developing potential ways to im.rove crop productivity under clim.te changes.

关键词： karrikins m.rphogenic adaptation photom.rphogenesis seedling establishm.nt strigolactones

The NORE1A/RASSF5 Tum.r Suppressor Form. a Com.lex with GSK-3β to Regulate β-Catenin

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j.urnal of Biosciences and m.dicines 2024年第8期12卷 60-75页

作者： m. Lee Schm.dt Howard Donninger Geoffrey j. Clark Departm.nt Pharm.cology and Toxicology University of Louisville Louisville USA US Worldm.ds LouisvilleUSA Departm.nt of m.dicine University of Louisville Louisville USA Experim.ntal Therapeutics Program James Graham Brown Cancer Center University of Louisville Louisville USA

NORE1A (RASSF5) is a tum.r suppressor of the RASSF fam.ly that is often down-regulated in hum.n tum.rs. NORE1A has m.ltiple roles in controlling cellular hom.ostasis, one of them.being regulating levels of β-catenin by binding and m.dulating the ubiquitin ligase substrate recognition factor β-TrCP. β-catenin is a m.j.r executor of the Wnt pathway. The ubiquitin SCF-β-TrCP ligase com.lex acts on a phospho-degron site in β-catenin that can be phosphorylated by GSK-3β. We now show that in addition to binding β-TrCP, NORE1A also prom.tes the phosphorylation of the β-catenin phospho-degron by com.lexing with the kinase GSK-3β. Indeed, NORE1A enhances the form.tion of a GSK-3β/β-TrCP com.lex. A structural m.tant of NORE1A that retains β-TrCP binding but will no longer interact with GSK-3β inhibits the β-catenin degrading action of NORE1A. The GSK-3β interaction with NORE1A plays an im.ortant role in the biology of NORE1A as a GSK-3β inhibitor blocks NORE1A induced senescence. Thus, we identify a new role for the tum.r suppressor NORE1A: The regulation of GSK-3β. GSK-3β has m.ny other substrates including m.ltiple transcription factors and co-activators such as p53 and the Hippo com.onent TAZ. The work im.lies that NORE1A m.y be able to influence all of them.via this new kinase scaffolding interaction.

关键词： RAS NORE1A RASSF5 GSK-3β Beta Catenin HIPPO

Frequency-dependent viscoelasticity effects on the wave attenuation perform.nce of m.lti-layered periodic foundations

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Applied m.them.tics and m.chanics(English Edition) 2024年第3期45卷 407-424页

作者： m.SAFI m.VAKILIFARD m.j.m.Hm.ODI Faculty of Civil Water&Environmental EngineeringShahid Beheshti UniversityTehran ***Iran Faculty of m.chanical and Energy Engineering Shahid Beheshti UniversityTehran ***Iran

In this paper,layered periodic foundations(LPFs)are num.rically exam.ned for their responses to longitudinal and transverse m.des in the tim. and frequency *** different unit-cells,i.e.,2-layer,4-layer,and 6-layer unit-cells,com.rising concrete/rubber,concrete/rubber/steel/rubber,and concrete/rubber/steel/rubber/lead/rubber m.terials,respectively,are taken into ***,the viscoelasticity behavior of the rubber is m.deled with two factors,i.e.,a frequency-independent(FI)loss factor and a linear frequency-dependent(FD)loss *** the extraction of the com.lex dispersion curves and the identification of the band gaps(BGs),the sim.lations of wave transm.ssion in the tim. and frequency dom.ins are perform.d using the COm.OL *** param.tric studies evaluate the effects of the rubber viscoelasticity m.dels on the dispersion curves and the wave transm.ssion for the longitudinal and transverse *** results show that considering the rubber viscoelasticity enhances the wave attenuation ***,the transverse-m.de dam.ing is m.re sensitive to the viscoelasticity m.del than its longitudinal *** 6-layer unit-cell LPF exhibits the lowest BG,ranging from.4.8 Hz to 6.5 Hz.

关键词： layered m.tam.terial periodic foundation com.lex dispersion curve wave transm.ssion diagram