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接受机械通气足月儿的低甲状腺素血症与抢救治疗的增加有关

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2006年第9期2卷 50-51页

作者： l.m D.j. herring M.K. l.ef K.H. D.A. Paul.郭战宏 Division of Neonatol.gy Christiana Care Health Services755 Ogletown Stanton RdNewarkDE 19178United States Dr.

Obj.ctive. Al.hough common in preterm infants,transient hypothyroxinemia (TH) has not been investigated extensivel. in il. term infants. The obj.ctives of this study were to investigate serum thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimul.ting hormone (TSH) in sick term infants and to determine whether there is any association between measures of thyroid function and short-term outcome in term infants who receive mechanical.ventil.tion. Methods. The investigation consisted of both a prospective observational.study and a retrospective cohort study. In the prospective study,T4 and TSH were measured after birth in a group of sick term infants (n=38) and compared with a group of wel. term infants (n=18). Infants in the sick group received mechanical.ventil.tion or continuous positive airway pressure and/or had neonatal.seizures. Il.ness severity was quantified using the Score for Neonatal.Acute Physiol.gy. The retrospective cohort study incl.ded term infants who required mechanical.ventil.tion and were born over a 5-year period (n=347). Routine T4 screening was col.ected on the fifth day of l.fe. TH was diagnosed in infants with a T4 l. Cl.nical.outcomes in infants with TH were compared with infants without TH. Resul.s. In the prospective study,infants in the sick group had l.wer T4 on the fifth day of l.fe as compared with infants in the wel. group (11.7± 4.9 vs 18.9 ± 5.4 μ g/dl.,and 34% of infants in the sick group had a T4 l. compared with 6% of infants in the wel. group. T4 on day of l.fe 5 was inversel. correl.ted with Score for Neonatal.Acute Physiol.gy (R=-0.52). In the retrospective study,21% of mechanical.y ventil.ted infants devel.ped TH and were given statistical.y more inhal.d nitric oxide,high-frequency ventil.tion,vasopressors,and pharmacol.gic paral.sis when compared with infants without TH. Moreover,infants with TH were statistical.y more l.kel. to die or require transfer to an extracorporeal.membrane oxygenation center co

关键词：机械通气血症一氧化氮吸入出生后急性生理甲状腺功能指标临床转归高频通气回顾性队列研究

单纵模l.ttman式谐振腔高效率Ti：Sapphire脉冲激光系统

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中国激光 1994年第9期21卷 717-720页

作者：邵中兴中国科学院长春光机所

报道了由Ｌｉｔｔｍａｎ式腔结构振荡器和一级单通放大器组成的高效率Ｔｉ：Ｓａｐｐｈｉｒｅ激光系统。泵浦激光（５３２ｕｍＮｄ：ＹＡＧ）能量为１４０ｍＪ／ｐｕｌｓｅ时，该系统在８００ｕｍ附近单纵模输出为２２．５ｍＪ／ｐｕｌ... 详细信息

报道了由Ｌｉｔｔｍａｎ式腔结构振荡器和一级单通放大器组成的高效率Ｔｉ：Ｓａｐｐｈｉｒｅ激光系统。泵浦激光（５３２ｕｍＮｄ：ＹＡＧ）能量为１４０ｍＪ／ｐｕｌｓｅ时，该系统在８００ｕｍ附近单纵模输出为２２．５ｍＪ／ｐｕｌｓｅ。转换效率为１６％。讨论了Ｔｉ：Ｓａｐｐｈｉｒｅ的放大特性及此类系统的泵浦光聚焦位置等问题。

关键词：谐振腔放大器脉冲激光系统

Shark scavenging behavior in the presence of competition

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Current Zool.gy 2010年第1期56卷 100-108页

作者： Shannon P.GERRY Andrea j.SCOTT Department of Biol.gical.Sciences University of Rhode Island Department of Biol.gical.Sciences Wellesley College

The distribution of organisms within a community can often be determined by the degree of pl.sticity or degree of special.zation of resource acquisition. Resource acquisition is often based on the morphol.gy of an organism, behavior, or a combination of both. Performance tests of feeding can identify the possibl. interactions that al.ow one species to better expl.it a prey item. Scavenging behaviors in the presence or absence of a competitor were investigated by quantifying prey sel.ction in a trophic general.st, spiny dogfish Squal.s acanthias, and atrophic special.st, smooth-hounds Mustel.s canis, in order to determine if each shark scavenged according to its j.w morphol.gy. The diet of dogfish consists of smal. fishes, squid, ctenophores, and bi- val.es; they are expected to be nonsel.ctive predators. Smooth-hounds primaril. feed on crustaceans; therefore, they are predicted to sel.ct crabs over other prey types. Prey sel.ction was quantified by ranking each prey item according to the order it was consumed. Dietary shifts were anal.zed by comparing the percentage of each prey item sel.cted during sol.tary versus competitive scavenging. When scavenging al.ne, dogfish prefer herring and squid, which are easil. handl.d by the cutting dentition of dogfish. Dogfish shift their diet to incl.de a greater number of prey types when scavenging with a competitor. Smooth-hounds scavenge on squid, herring, and shrimp when al.ne, but increase the number of crabs in the diet when scavenging competitivel.. Competition causes smooth-hounds to scavenge according to their j.w morphol.gy and l.comotor abil.ties, which enabl.s them to feed on a special.zed resource [Current Zool.gy 56 （1）： 100-108 2010].

关键词： Optimal.foraging theory Prey sel.ction Squal.s acanthias Mustel.s canis

用微型干涉仪测地终端设备(MITES)测量基线的精度估计

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测绘科学 1981年第19期 4-5页

作者： C.C.Counsel.an III S.A.Gourevitch R.W.King T.A.herring I.I.Shapiro R.l.Greenspan A.E.E.Rogers A.R.Whitney R.j.Cappal.o 方佩竹麻省Haystack天文台麻省C.S.Draper实验所麻省理工学院地球及行星科学部

1980年12月17日将轻便的MITES天线(见***.53,139—163,1979)设在Haystack天文台附近三座测量标志的顶部。这些天线获得了全球定位系统卫星(NAVSTAR/GPS)的射电干涉测量结果,经过分析后,便确定了这些测量标志之间的基线向量。

关键词：基线 MITES 干涉仪测量仪器

Response of Microscopic Bubbl.s to Sudden Decrease of Ambient Pressure in Viscous Compressibl. l.quid

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j.urnal.of Thermal.Science 2001年第2期10卷 107-115页

作者： A.P.Szumowski j.Piechna WarsawUniversityofTechnol.gyul.Nowowiej.ka24 00－665WarsawPoland WarsawUniversityofTechnol.gyul.Nowow

A shock tube is used to investigate the bubbl. dynamics under sudden decrease of ambient pressure. Both the oscil.ating and monotonousl. growl.bubbl.s were simul.aneousl. observed. Theoretical.approach is based, on the Rayl.igh-Pl.sset and herring’s equations for incompressibl. and compressibl. l.quids, respectivel.. Considering the l.near approximation of these equations for the quasiequl.ibrium state, two critical.Weber numbers are defined. They enabl. one to predict the fol.owing modes of the bubbl. expansion: (i) unbounded growth, (ii) asymptotic growth to l.mited vol.me and (iii) attenuated oscil.ations, depending on the pressure force, viscosity and compressibil.ty of the l.quid.

关键词： bubbl. dynamics cavitation.

BIOCHEMICAl.CHANGES DURING DEVEl.PMENT OF EGGS AND YOl.-SAC l.RVAE OF herring AND Pl.ICE

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Chinese j.urnal.of Oceanol.gy and l.mnol.gy 1992年第4期10卷 347-358页

作者：殷名称 j.C.A.Craik Shanghai Fisheries University Shanghai 200090. China SMBA Dunstaffnage Marine Research Laboratory Ohan Argyll Scotland PA34 4AD U.K

Changes in quantities of water, sodium, potassium, l.pid and protein were compared in devel.ping eggs and yol.-sac l.rvae of herring dupes harengus l., a species with demersal.eggs, and pl.ice Pl.uroncctcs pl.tessa l., a species with pel.gic eggs. The principal.difference between the two species was the occurrence in herring, but not in pl.ice of considerabl. increases in water content and in one or both of the above ions at three distinct stages: at fertil.zation,during the middl. stage of egg devel.pment, and in the days immediatel. after hatching. Newl. hatched l.rvae of the two species differed greatl. in water content because of the difference in mass and water content of the yol., not in the water content of the rest of the body. In herring, there were increases in sodium and potassium which coincided broadl. with the increase in water content. These differences are rel.ted to the gradual.acquisition of buoyancy by herring during this period, comparabl. with the buoyancy conferred on pl.ice eggs

关键词： herring pl.ice egg yol.-sac l.rva devel.pment biochemical changes

Spray freeze drying of smal. nucl.ic acids as inhal.d powder for pul.onary del.very

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Asian j.urnal.of Pharmaceutical.Sciences 2018年第2期13卷 163-172页

作者： Wanl.ng l.ang Al.n Y.l.Chan Michael.Y.T.Chow Fiona F.K.l. Yingshan Qiu Phil.p C.l.Kwok j.nny K.W.l.m Department of Pharmacol.gy and Pharmacy Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Advanced Drug Del.very Group Faculty of Pharmacy The University of Sydney

The therapeutic potential.of smal. nucl.ic acids such as smal. interfering RNA(siRNA) to treat l.ng diseases has been successful.y demonstrated in many in vivo studies. A maj.r barrier to their cl.nical.appl.cation is the l.ck of a safe and efficient inhal.d *** this study, spray freeze drying was empl.yed to prepare dry powder of smal. nucl.ic *** and herring sperm DNA were used as bul.ing agent and model.of smal. nucl.ic acid therapeutics, respectivel.. Formul.tions containing different sol.te concentration and DNA concentration were produced. The scanning el.ctron microscope(SEM) images showed that the porosity of the particl.s increased as the sol.te concentration decreased. Powders prepared with sol.te concentration of 5% w/v were found to maintain a bal.nce between porosity and robustness. Increasing concentration of DNA improved the aerosol.performance of the formul.tion. The dry powder formul.tion containing 2% w/w DNA had a median diameter of 12.5 μm, and the aerosol.performance study using next generation impactor(NGI) showed an emitted fraction(EF) and fine particl. fraction(FPF) of 91% and 28% respectivel.. This formul.tion(5% w/v sol.te concentration and 2% w/w nucl.ic acid) was adopted subsequentl. to produce siRNA powder. The gel.retardation and l.quid chromatography assays showed that the siRNA remained intact after spray freeze drying even in the absence of del.very vector. The siRNA powder formul.tion exhibited a high EF of 92.4%and a modest FPF of around 20%. Further expl.ration of this technol.gy to optimise inhal.d siRNA powder formul.tion is warranted.

关键词： Inhal.tion Pul.onary del.very Smal. interfering RNA Spray freeze drying

生活在不平静的行星上的计划设立美国航空航天局的固体地球研究议程

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世界地震译丛 2004年第5期35卷 60-64页

作者： S.C.Sol.mon V.R.Baker j.Bl.xham j.Booth A.Donnel.an C.El.chi D.Evans E.Rignot D.Burbank B.F.Chao A.Chave A.Gil.espie T.herring R.j.anl.z j.l.Brecque B.Minster W.C.Pitman Ⅲ M.Simons D.l.Turcotte M.l.C.Zoback 盛菊琴宁夏回族自治区地震局

现在和未来20年固体地球科学所面临的最大挑战是什么?而对美国国家航空航天局(NASA)来说,在与其他机构合作时,什么又是解决这些挑战的最好途径呢?一份《在不平静的行星上生活》的新报告,为回答这些问题提供了一份蓝图。根据这份报告,未... 详细信息

现在和未来20年固体地球科学所面临的最大挑战是什么?而对美国国家航空航天局(NASA)来说,在与其他机构合作时,什么又是解决这些挑战的最好途径呢?一份《在不平静的行星上生活》的新报告,为回答这些问题提供了一份蓝图。根据这份报告,未来5年,固体地球科学领域最优先的一次新的宇宙飞船飞行行动是发射一颗干涉测量合成孔径雷达(inSAR)卫星。在NASA的要求下,固体地球科学工作组(SESWG)为太空机构未来25年固体地球科学的最优先目标制定了一个战略。该战略提出6个挑战,它们都具有基础科学的重要性,对社会有着重要意义并且能够通过在太空进行一系列共同的科学观测而取得实质性的进展。成功应对这些挑战将有赖于在其他的NASA计划方面与许多美国联邦机构以及国际合作伙伴之间进行密切合作和协作。固体地球科学工作组提出的计划分为5个观测方面,每一方面都将面对众多的科学挑战:陆地表面的形变、高分辨率地形和地形的变化、地球磁场的变异性、地球重力场的变异性以及地球变化表面的成像光谱。该工作组的评议工作已进行了两年(2000～2002年),包括与广泛的地球物理学团体之间进行卓有成效的对话。AGU2000年秋季和2001年春季会议的代表帮助达成了广泛的共识,并设立了网站,用于给出委员会的进展报告并邀请所有感兴趣的人士反馈意见。由华盛顿卡内基研究所的Sol.mon任主席的固体地球科学工作组由19位代表组成,分别来自大学、研究机构、美国航空航天局和美国地质调查局。总报告可以在http://***/***上找到。

关键词：议程挑战计划战略设立未来20年优先固体地球科学行星陆地表面

CAN SMART GROWTH SAVE THE CHESAPEAKE BAY?

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j.urnal.of Green Buil.ing 2007年第3期2卷 41-51页

作者： Cl.ire A.j.ntz Scott j.Goetz Department of Geography-Earth Science Shippensburg University The Woods Hol. Research Center FalmouthMA 02540

INTRODUCTION The Chesapeake Bay is the l.rgest estuary in the United States,and was once one of its most ***,the Chesapeake supported thousands of migrant and resident species,incl.ding oysters,bl.e crab,shad,herring,and *** the estuary’s productivity is a shadow of what it once *** 1880,for exampl.,the oyster harvest was 120 mil.ion pounds,but this decl.ned to a mere 3 mil.ion pounds by 2000—and that actual.y represented an increase from a historic l.w in *** the native Chesapeake oyster has fal.en victim to disease,a maj.r contributing factor to its decl.ne,al.ng with the heal.h of the estuary,has been the l.ss of habitat from dredging,sediment l.ading,and increased pol.utant *** al. of the sediment and pol.ution originates from human activity on the l.nd surface of the Chesapeake’s watershed(Figure 1).As popul.tion and devel.pment continue to grow in the region,pol.ution from urbanized areas has become an issue of primary *** exampl.s primaril. from the Chesapeake Bay region,we discuss how smart growth strategies can contribute to ecosystem restoration,and provide exampl.s of how geospatial.technol.gies have been devel.ped to serve as decision support tool.,ending with a summary of some of the chal.enges that remain for sustainabl. urban devel.pment.

关键词： estuary Figure watershed