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Assessing the Effectiveness of Strategies in US Birth Cohort Screening for Hepatitis C Infection

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j.urnal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2020年第1期8卷 25-41页

作者： Cynthia j.Tsay j.seph k.lim Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA Yale Liver Center Section of Digestive DiseasesYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA

Chronic hepatitis C infection in the USA is a highly morbid condition and current guidelines recommend one-time screening among the birth cohort(1945-1965).Understand-ing strategies to optimize screening can help inform future hepatitis C virus(HCV)screening guidelines.A focused literature search was performed using PubMed and manual abstract review from maj.r hepatology conferences over the past 2 *** search strategy involved using Medical Subj.ct Headings terms for hepatitis C,screening,birth cohort,baby boomers,and *** review was limited to data from the USA.A total of 327 articles were identified and 36 abstracts were included,with studies published between *** including clinician education,electronic medical record alerts,reflex HCV RNA testing,point-of-care testing,multisite(outpatient,inpatient,emergency department,endoscopy suite)initiatives,direct patient solicitation,and utilization of non-physician providers have increased HCV screening ***,broad imple-mentation remains less than *** include lack.of patient acceptance to screening and engagement in the HCV care *** Veterans Affairs Healthcare System has achieved higher birth cohort screening rates through an integrated approach requiring high-level engagement by leadership and institutional *** strategies for increasing birth cohort screening have been successful,but overall rates of HCV screening remain *** strat-egies can inform public health efforts to implement emerging national recommendations for expansion of HCV screening to all *** age 18 or older.

关键词： Hepatitis C Epidemiology HCV antibody Screening Birth cohort Baby boomers Care cascade Electronic medical records

Broadband strong optical dichroism in topological Dirac semimetals with Fermi velocity anisotropy

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第7期29卷 128-134页

作者： j.lim k.j.A Ooi C Zhang L k.Ang Yee Sin Ang Science Math and TechnologySingapore University of Technology and DesignSingapore School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University MalaysiaSelangor Darul Ehsan 43900Malaysia College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China School of Physics University of WollongongNorthfields AvenueNew South Wales 2522Australia

Prototypical three-dimensional(3D)topological Dirac semimetals(DSMs),such as Cd3As2 and Na3Bi,contain electrons that obey a linear momentum-energy dispersion with different Fermi velocities along the three orthogonal momentum *** being extensively studied in recent years,the inherent Fermi velocity anisotropy has often been neglected in the theoretical and numerical studies of 3D *** this omission does not qualitatively alter the physics of light-driven massless quasiparticles in 3D DSMs,it does quantitatively change the optical coefficients which can lead to nontrivial implications in terms of nanophotonics and plasmonics *** we study the linear optical response of 3D DSMs for general Fermi velocity values along each *** the signature conductivity-frequency scaling,σ(ω)∝ω,of 3D Dirac fermion is well-protected from the Fermi velocity anisotropy,the linear optical response exhibits strong linear dichroism as captured by the universal extinction ratio scaling law,Λi j.(vi/v j.^2(where i=j.denotes the three spatial coordinates x,y,z,and vi is the i-direction Fermi velocity),which is independent of frequency,temperature,doping,and carrier scattering *** Cd3As2 and Na3Bi3,an exceptionally strong extinction ratio larger than 15 and covering a broad terahertz window is *** findings shed new light on the role of Fermi velocity anisotropy in the optical response of Dirac semimetals and open up novel polarization-sensitive functionalities,such as photodetection and light modulation.

关键词： topological Dirac semimetal optical anisotropy linear dichroismn linear response theory

Future Pharmacotherapy for Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): Review of Phase 2 and 3 Trials

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j.urnal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第3期6卷 264-275页

作者： j.mes j.Connolly k.htaro Ook. j.seph k.lim Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA Yale Liver Center Section of Digestive DiseasesYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)results from inflammation and hepatocyte inj.ry in the setting of hepatic ***-alcoholic steatohepatitis increases the risk.of progression to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis,and is the most rapidly growing etiology for liver failure and indication for liver transplantation in the *** loss and lifestyle modification remain the standard first-line treatment,as no USA Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacotherapy currently *** past decade has seen an explosion of interest in drug development targeting pathologic pathways in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,with numerous phase 2 and 3 trials currently in ***,we concisely review the maj.r targets and mechanisms of action by class,summarize results from com-pleted pivotal phase 2 studies,and provide a detailed outline of k.y active studies with trial data for drugs in development,including obeticholic acid,elafibranor,cenicriviroc and selonsertib.

关键词： Fatty liver Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Clinical trials Pharmacotherapy Obeticholic acid

NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HYDRODYNAMIC BEHAVIORS IN CONICAL SPOUTED BEDS

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China Particuology 2006年第3期4卷 194-203页

作者： C. j. lim Fluidization Research Centre Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3 Canada

The axial and radial distributions of static pressures and vertical particle velocities of conical spouted beds have been simulated and compared with experimental data. Simulation results show that, among all factors investigated, the Actual Pressure Gradient （the APG term） in conical spouted beds, introduced as the default gravity term plus an empirical axial solid phase source term, has the most significant influence on static pressure profiles, followed by the restitution coefficient and frictional viscosity, while other factors almost have no effect. Apart from the solid bulk.viscosity, almost all other factors affect the radial distribution of the axial particle velocity, although the influence of the APG term is less significant. For complex systems such as conical spouted beds where a fluidized spout region and a defluidized annulus region co-exist, the new term introduced in this work.can improve the CFD simulation. Furthermore, for other systems with the Actual Pressure Gradient different from either fluidized beds or pack.d beds, the new approach can also be applied.

关键词： conical spouted bed hydrodynamics numerical simulation multiphase model

Combination strategies for pharmacologic treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2022年第35期28卷 5129-5140页

作者： j.spreet Suri Sebastian Borj. j.seph k.lim Department of Gastroenterology Norwalk HospitalNorwalkCT 06856United States Department of Internal Medicine Norwalk HospitalNorwalkCT 06850United States Section of Digestive Diseases Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06520United States

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is defined as hepatic steatosis, inflammation,and hepatocyte inj.ry with or without fibrosis. It has emerged as thesecond leading indication for liver transplantation with a rising death rate in thenon-transplantable population. While there are many drugs in evaluation,currently no approved therapies are on the mark.t for this condition. Given thisimportance, the Food and Drug Administration has provided formal guidanceregarding drug development for stopping or reversing NASH or NASH associatedfibrosis. The complex pathogenesis of NASH and its bidirectional relationshipwith metabolic syndrome has highlighted multiple drugs of interest thataddress metabolic, inflammatory, and fibrotic factors. A few promising liverspecific targets include farnesoid X receptor agonists and peroxisome proliferatoractivatedreceptor agonists. Previously studied drug classes such as glucagon-lik.peptide-1 analogs or sodium/glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors have alsodemonstrated ability to improve hepatic steatosis. Here we discuss currentrationale, scientific work. and preliminary data in combining multiple drugs forthe purposes of a multimodal attack.on the pathogenesis of NASH. We highlightmultiple Phase 2 and Phase 3 studies that demonstrate the potential to achieve aresponse rate higher than previously assessed monotherapies for this ***, one of these combination strategies may rise above in its safety andefficacy to become a part of a standardized approach to NASH.

关键词： Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Fatty liver Combination treatment Drug therapy Pharmacologic treatment Clinical trials

A Comparison between Direct and Indirect Laser Sintering of Metals

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j.urnal of Materials Science & Technology 2008年第2期24卷 227-232页

作者： Montasser M.Dewidar j.e-k.oo lim k.W.Dalgarno Department of Mechanical Design and Materials High Institute of EnergySouth Valley UniversityAswanEgypt Automobile Hi-Technology Research Intitute Faculty of Mechanical & Aerospace System EngineeringChonbuk National UniversityDuckjin 1-664-14JeonjuJB 561-756South Korea School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering Stephenson BuildingClaremont RoadNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RUUnited Kingdom

Layer manufacture technologies are gaining increasing attention in the manufacturing for the production of polymer mould tooling. Layer manufacture techniques can be used in this potential manufacturing area to produce tooling either indirectly or directly, and powder metal based layer manufacture systems are considered as an effective way of producing rapid tooling. Mechanical properties and accuracy are critical for tooling. This paper reports the results of an experimental study examining the potential of layer manufacturing processes to deliver production tooling for polymer manufacture. A comparison between indirectly selective laser sintering and directly selective laser sintering to provide the tooling was reported. Three main areas were addressed during the study： mechanical strength, accuracy, and build rate. Overviews of the results from the studies were presented.

关键词： Selective laser sintering Layer manufacture Mould tooling Rapid tooling

Chaos,Transport and Mesh Convergence for Fluid Mixing

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2008年第3期24卷 355-368页

作者： H. lim Y. Yu j. Glimm X.L. Li D.H. Sharp Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794-3600 USA Computational Science Center Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton N~ 11793-6000 USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM USA

Chaotic mixing of distinct fluids produces a convoluted structure to the interface separating these fluids. For miscible fluids （as considered here）, this interface is defined as a 50% mass concentration isosurface. For shock.wave induced （Richtmyer-Meshk.v） instabilities, we find the interface to be increasingly complex as the computational mesh is refined. This interfacial chaos is cut off by viscosity, or by the computational mesh if the k.lmogorov scale is small relative to the mesh. In a regime of converged interface statistics, we then examine mixing, i.e. concentration statistics, regularized by mass diffusion. For Schmidt numbers significantly larger than unity, typical of a liquid or dense plasma, additional mesh refinement is normally needed to overcome numerical mass diffusion and to achieve a converged solution of the mixing problem. However, with the benefit of front track.ng and with an algorithm that allows limited interface diffusion, we can assure convergence uniformly in the Schmidt number. We show that different solutions result from variation of the Schmidt number. We propose subgrid viscosity and mass diffusion parameterizations which might allow converged solutions at realistic grid levels.

关键词： Schmidt number mass diffusion turbulence multiphase flow

Leaching of rare earths from fine-grained zirconosilicate ore

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j.urnal of Rare Earths 2016年第9期34卷 908-916页

作者： H.lim D.Ibana j.Ek.teen Western Australia School of Mines Curtin University7 Conlon StreetWaterford6152 Australia Mining and Metallurgy Western Australia School of MinesLocked Bag l7Kalgoorlie6433Australia

Leaching of rare earths Y, La and Ce by sulphuric acid from fine-grained zirconosilicate ore was investigated using Ta-guchi method of experimental design. An orthogonal array of L8, 27 which denotes 7 factors at 2 levels was chosen to consider the various factors relevant to the leaching process： bak.ng time, bak.ng temperature, acid dosage, leaching time, leaching temperature, grind size and dilution. Statistical analysis showed that sulphation bak.ng was a significant step for the leaching of rare earths from the whole-of-ore and optimized leaching of rare earths involved the following condition： bak.ng for 3 h at 320 ℃ at 3.2 g acid/g ore acid dosage followed by water leaching at 20 ℃ for 1 h and dilution of 20 mL water/g ore using 300 um grind size. The effect of each leaching factor was also discussed.

关键词： rare earths yttrium lanthanum cerium zirconosilicate leaching Taguchi

Bioregeneration of spent activated carbon:Review of k.y factors and recent mathematical models of k.netics

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Chinese j.urnal of Chemical Engineering 2018年第5期26卷 893-902页

作者： k.ok.Yii Leong Siew-Leng Loo Mohammed j.k.Bashir Wen-Da Oh Pasupuleti Visweswara Rao j.n-Wei lim Centre for Water Research Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Membrane Technology Centre Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology (FEGT) Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Residues & Resource Reclamation Centre Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI) Nanyang Technological University Bio Product Development Program Faculty of Agro-Based Industry Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS

The disposal of spent activated carbon(AC) will inevitably create secondary pollution. In overcoming this problem, the spent AC can be regenerated by means of biological approach. Bioregeneration is the phenomenon in which through the action of microorganisms, the adsorbed pollutants on the surface of the AC will be biodegraded and this enables further adsorption of pollutants to occur with time elapse. This review provides the challenges and perspectives for effective bioregeneration to occur in biological activated carbon(BAC)column. Owing to very few reported work. on the bioregeneration rate in BAC column, emphasis is put forward on the recently developed models of bioregeneration k.netic in batch system. All in all, providing potential solutions in increasing the lifespan of AC and the enhancement of bioregeneration rate will definitely overcome the bottleneck. in spent AC bioregeneration.

关键词： Bioregeneration Spent activated carbon Modeling of bioregeneration k.netic Concentration gradient Exoenzyme