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国际内科双语杂志（中英文） 2006年第10期6卷 19-22,47-49页

作者： Nita gandhi Forouhi Nicholas j.Wareham 杨宏梅（译）顾瑞金（校）英国剑桥MRC临床研究科学家和公共卫生名誉医师英国剑桥MRC流行病学中心负责人和公共卫生名誉医师不详

1型糖尿病1型糖尿病的急性发作和几乎所有病例都能迅速引起医师注意的事实意味着建立新病例登记可能相对容易。如果可被证实，这些数据可与人群平均数据相结合，给出特定年龄和特定性别的发病率。

关键词： 1型糖尿病流行病学病例登记急性发作意味着平均数发病率

Redesigning crop varieties to win the race between climate change and food security

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Molecular Plant 2023年第10期16卷 1590-1611页

作者： Kevin V.Pixley j.ll E.Cairns Santiago Lopez-Ridaura Chris O.Oj.ewo Maryam Abba Dawud Inoussa Drabo Taye Mindaye Baloua Nebie Godfrey Asea Biswanath Das Happy Daudi Haile Desmae Benoit j.seph Batieno Ousmane Boukar Clare T.M.Mukankusi Stanley T.Nkalubo Sarah j.Hearne Kanwarpal S.Dhugga Harish gandhi Sieglinde Snapp Ernesto Adair Zepeda-Villarreal International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) TexcocoMexico International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) HarareZimbabwe International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) NairobiKenya Lake Chad Research Institute(LCRI) MaidiguriNigeria International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) DakarSenegal Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research(EIAR) Addis AbabaEthiopia National Agricultural Research Organization(NARO) KampalaUganda Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute(TARI) NaliendeleTanzania Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles(INERA) OuagadougouBurkina Faso International Institute of Tropicl Agriculture(IITA) KanoNigeria Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT KampalaUganda

Climate change poses daunting challenges to agricultural production and food *** temperatures,shifting weather patterns,and more frequent extreme events have already demonstrated their effects on local,regional,and global agricultural *** varieties that withstand climate-related stresses and are suitable for cultivation in innovative cropping systems will be crucial to maximize risk avoidance,productivity,and profitability under climate-changed *** surveyed 588 expert stakeholders to predict current and novel traits that may be essential for future pearl millet,sorghum,maize,groundnut,cowpea,and common bean varieties,particularly in sub-Saharan *** then review the current progress and prospects for breeding three prioritized future-essential traits for each of these *** predict that most current breeding priorities will remain important,but that rates of genetic gain must increase to keep pace with climate challenges and consumer ***,the predicted future-essential traits include innovative breeding targets that must also be prioritized;for example,(1)optimized rhizosphere microbiome,with benefits for P,N,and water use efficiency,(2)optimized performance across or in specific cropping systems,(3)lower nighttime respiration,(4)improved stover quality,and(5)increased early *** further discuss cutting-edge tools and approaches to discover,validate,and incorporate novel genetic diversity from exotic germplasm into breeding populations with unprecedented precision,accuracy,and *** conclude that the greatest challenge to developing crop varieties to win the race between climate change and food security might be our innovativeness in defining and boldness to breed for the traits of tomorrow.

关键词： climate change food security crop breeding cropping systems expert survey sub-Saharan Africa

伴有与不伴有左心室射血分数贮备和心室内传导障碍心力衰竭患者的6月住院率和预后比较

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心血管病学进展 2006年第5期27卷 676-677页

作者： Danciu S C Gonzalez j.gandhi N 管芝（摘译）曾朝荣（校）不详成都市第七人民医院

心室同步失调是收缩功能障碍心力衰竭(SHF)患者死亡的独立预测因素,心电图(ECG)表现的心室内和心室间传导障碍(IVCD)通过QRS时间来反映,因此,QRS时间可作为心室同步失调的替代标志,近年的研究证实,IVCD是评价SHF患者预后和疗效的一个重... 详细信息

心室同步失调是收缩功能障碍心力衰竭(SHF)患者死亡的独立预测因素,心电图(ECG)表现的心室内和心室间传导障碍(IVCD)通过QRS时间来反映,因此,QRS时间可作为心室同步失调的替代标志,近年的研究证实,IVCD是评价SHF患者预后和疗效的一个重要预测因素,但左心室射血分数贮备(PLVEF)合并IVCD患者的临床特征和预后信息尚少见报道,现就这一领域进行了探讨。[第一段]

关键词：左心室射血分数心力衰竭患者传导障碍心室内预后贮备住院率独立预测因素

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On the Nonequilibrium of Radiation-Induced Bystander Effects in Tumor Surface and Its Implications in Radiation Therapy

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International j.urnal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2015年第3期4卷 208-214页

作者： R. Vaitheeswaran K. j. Maria Das Philips Radiation Oncology Systems Philips India Ltd. Bangalore India Research & Development Center Bharathiar University Coimbatore India Department of Radiotherapy Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Lucknow India

This work aims to theoretically show the development of a nonequilibrium of radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) under steep dose gradient regions that typically occur in the field edges of a beam. We applied the kinetics model proposed by (McMahon et al. 2013) for in vivo conditions coupled with a hypothesis called “Layer-limited bystander signaling (LLBS)” to demonstrate 1) an enhancement in TCP (i.e. Enhanced TCP or ETCP) due to bystander signals, 2) the development of nonequilibrium of RIBE under steep dose gradient regions and 3) the reduction in ETCP in the surface of Clinical Target Volume (CTV) due to the non-equilibrium of RIBE. We incorporated the elements of RIBE directly in the existing Poisson LQ model available in Pinnacle3 TPS (Version 9.10.0) to compute the percentage reduction of ETCP in the tumor surface due to nonequilibrium of RIBE. The percentage improvement in TCP obtained in tumor surface by accounting for RIBE is about 46% lower than that obtained in the interior of the tumor. This suggests that relatively more number of cancerous cells might survive in the vicinity of tumor surface. The result obtained from the study is indicative of an additional uncertainty component associated with radiation treatment. Hence, this paper suggests that the radiation treatments employing steep dose gradients could be biophysically different in many ways.

关键词： Bystander Effect TCP RIBE CTV IMRT Dose Gradients

急性缺血性卒中的血管内治疗：神经介入外科学学会实践标准委员会的报告

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国际脑血管病杂志 2012年第12期20卷 905-912页

作者： K A Blackham P M Meyers T A Abruzzo F C Alberquerque D Fiorella j.Fraser D Frei C D gandhi D V Heck j.A Hirsch D P Hsu M j.yaraman S Narayanan C Prestigiacomo j.L Sunshine 包元飞(译) 李永坤(译) 刘新峰(译) 代表神经介入外科学学会南京大学医学院临床学院南京军区南京总医院神经内科 210002

目的总结采用血管内技术治疗急性缺血性卒中的有关证据并等级分类。方法对美国心脏协会（American Heart Association，AHA）以前发表的推荐意见进行审查并作为当前流程的基础。在此这基础上，进行系统的文献回顾以评估支持急性缺血性... 详细信息

目的总结采用血管内技术治疗急性缺血性卒中的有关证据并等级分类。方法对美国心脏协会（American Heart Association，AHA）以前发表的推荐意见进行审查并作为当前流程的基础。在此这基础上，进行系统的文献回顾以评估支持急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗的证据。根据AHA卒中委员会和牛津大学循证医学中心提出的循证医学证据分级指南进行评估。对操作安全性、技术效果以及对临床转归的影响进行特别审核。

关键词：急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗委员会神经介入外科学标准学会美国心脏协会

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Isolation and molecular characterization of bioactive secondary metabolites from Callyspongia *** fungi

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Asian Pacific j.urnal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第9期3卷 738-740页

作者： Meenupriya j.Thangaraj.M Department of Biotechnology Sathyabama University Rajiv Gandhi SalaiChennai-119TamilnaduIndia CAS in Marine Biology Annamalai UniversityParangipettai - 608 502.Cuddalore DistrictIndia

Obj.ctive:To isolate and characterize the bioactive secondary metabolite from Callyspongia *** ***:In vitro antibacterial screening of fungi associated with Callyspongia species,collected from south east coast of India,against selected clinical isolates of bacteria were conducted in this *** extracts showing good antimicrobial activity were subj.cted to further analysis to identify the active constituents sponge associated fungi(both biomass and filtrate) with five different *** compound responsible for bioactivity was characterized using Fouvier-transform infrared(FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) instrumental analysis to identify the functional group and *** molecular characterization of the elite fungal strains were done by isolating their genomic DNA and amplify the internal transcribed spacer(ITS) region of 5.8srRNA using specific ITS primer. The novelty of the strain was proved by BlastN analysis against non-redundant(NR) database and hence was submitted to ***:Active compound was Desmethylnomifensine confirmed by GC-MS and the potent fungi was Aspergillus flavus ***: The isolate exhibits a marked antagonistic activity against potential bacterial pathogens thus illuminating the advanced researches in this decade to focus on clinical pharmacology to identify novel therapeutic *** present study depicts a promising scenario to focus on Aspergillus flavus derived compounds which can be easily scaled up for large biomass production and stable formulation as a drug.

关键词： Callyspongia Sponge associated fungi Bioactive metabolites Anti bacterial activity

小肠CT成像对末端回肠克罗恩病活动性炎症期的诊断准确性:FBP全剂量及半剂量重建与SAFIRE半剂量重建对比研究

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国际医学放射学杂志 2016年第5期 571-572页

作者： N.S.gandhi M.E.Baker A.H.Goenka j.A.Bullen N.A.Obuchowski E.M.Remer 王宇航 Section of Abdominal Imaging Cleveland Clinic

摘要目的比较小肠CT成像滤过反投影法(FBP)和正弦迭代(SAFIRE)半剂量重建与FBP全剂量重建对于末端或近末端回肠克罗恩病活动性炎症期诊断的准确性和成像质量。方法本回顾性研究符合HIPAA并得到伦理委员会批准,无需病人知情同意书。90个... 详细信息

摘要目的比较小肠CT成像滤过反投影法(FBP)和正弦迭代(SAFIRE)半剂量重建与FBP全剂量重建对于末端或近末端回肠克罗恩病活动性炎症期诊断的准确性和成像质量。方法本回顾性研究符合HIPAA并得到伦理委员会批准,无需病人知情同意书。90个病例行双源CT小肠成像检查(活动性末端回肠克罗恩病45例,无克罗恩病45例)。活动

关键词：克罗恩病局限性回肠炎肠炎剂量重建 SAFIRE 末端回肠活动性 FBP 小肠 CT

Acute Diarrhea Etiology in Young Children and Adults in the Republic of Maldives—A Point Prevalence Study

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Open j.urnal of Medical Microbiology 2015年第4期5卷 222-230页

作者： Abdul A. Yoosuf Ladaporn Bodhidatta Siriporn Sornsakrin Fathimath I. Manik Shah Saeed Mohamed Hassan Carl j. Mason Indira gandhi Memorial Hospital Male Republic of Maldives Azmi-Naeem Medical and Diagnostic Centre Male Republic of Maldives Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences Bangkok Thailand Hithadhoo Regional Hospital Seenu Atoll Republic of Maldives Kulhudhuffushi Regional Hospital Haa Dhaalu Atoll Republic of Maldives

Introduction: Despite its recent status of middle-income country in WHO’s South-East Asia Region, diarrhea remains an important yet unresearched public health issue in the Republic of Maldives. Methodology: We conducted a one-month cross-sectional study in children and adults with acute diarrhea at three regional hospitals in Maldives in August-September 2007 to investigate the point-prevalence of diarrhea etiologic agents. Enteric Bacteria was identified by a standard microbiology technique and isolates were submitted for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Rotavirus, astrovirus and adenovirus were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to test for norovirus. Results: We enrolled 73 children and 57 adults with acute diarrhea. The most common pathogens detected in children were norovirus (43%) and rotavirus (18%). Vibrio parahaemolyticus (18%) and rotavirus (17%) were the most common pathogens found in adults. Multiple and mixed infections were common. All noroviruses were identified as genogroup II/type 4(GII/4). The genotype distributions of rotaviruses were G2P[4] (48%), G12P[6] (37%), G2P[6] (5%), G9P[8] (5%), and non-typeable G2 (5%). Conclusions: This study provides preliminary data on the importance of norovirus and rotavirus as diarrhea etiologic agents in Maldives. A systematic prospective diarrhea surveillance documenting disease burden, etiology, seasonal variation, as well as risk factors should be conducted for the development of public health interventions to reduce diarrhea morbidity and mortality in Maldives.

关键词： Diarrhea Maldives Rotavirus Norovirus

胎儿脑MRI显示正常生长、性别二型性和侧向不对称

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国际医学放射学杂志 2022年第3期 360-360页

作者： F.Machado-Rivas j.gandhi j.j.Choi C.Velasco-Annis O.Afacan S.K.Warfield 张玉

摘要 MRI的影像重建、运动校正和分割工具使得胎儿脑发育的精确体积界定成为可能。目的利用胎儿大脑发育的时空MRI图谱，评估健康胎儿颅内结构的体积生长，并考

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颅内动脉粥样硬化血管内治疗的实践标准

国际脑血管病杂志 2012年第12期20卷 893-904页

作者： M Shazam Hussain j.stin F Fraser Todd Abruzzo Kristine A Blackham Ketan R Bulsara Colin P Derdeyn Chirag D gandhi j.shua AHksch Daniel P Hsu Mahesh V j.yaraman Philip M M eYers Sandra Narayanan Charles j.Prestigiacomo Peter A Rasmussen 蔡乾昆(译) 李永坤(译) 刘新峰(译) 代表神经介入外科学学会南方医科大学南京临床医学院南京军区南京总医院神经内科 210002

背景有症状颅内动脉粥样硬化性疾病（intraeranial atherosclerotic disease，ICAD）是全世界范围内最常见的卒中原因之一。研究显示，严重ICAD患者的复发性卒中风险很高，亟需有效的预防手段。药物治疗是治疗ICAD的基础，对所有患者都... 详细信息

背景有症状颅内动脉粥样硬化性疾病（intraeranial atherosclerotic disease，ICAD）是全世界范围内最常见的卒中原因之一。研究显示，严重ICAD患者的复发性卒中风险很高，亟需有效的预防手段。药物治疗是治疗ICAD的基础，对所有患者都至关重要。血管内治疗也是一种潜在的治疗选择，但在最佳的技术和患者选择方面仍需进一步探索。本指南旨在为ICAD患者提供诊断和血管内治疗的推荐意见。方法进行文献回顾，以选#2000年至2011年期间发表的有关ICAD的文献。根据美国心脏协会（AmericanHeartAssociation，AHA）庄荚国卒中协会标准对证据进行评估和分类。在神经介入外科学学会标准委员会对现有证据进行评价的基础上制定推荐意见。按照美国神经病学学会（AmericanAcademyofNeurology，AAN）、AHA卒中委员会以及牛津大学循证医学中心（CentreforEvidenceBasedMedicine，CEBM）建议的循证医学指南进行评估。结果总共选定59篇文献。支架置人术与强化药物治疗预防颅内动脉狭窄患者复发性卒中（StentingversusAggressiveMedicalManagementforPreventingRecurrentStrokeinIntracranial＆enosis。SAMMPRIS）研究是现有的唯一一项前瞻性随机对照试验，文献的证据级别被归类为AHA B级、AANⅡ级和CEBM1b级。有症状椎动脉或颅内动脉粥样硬化性疾病支架置人术（StentingofSymptomaticAtheroscleroticLesionsintheVertebralorIntracranialarteries，SSYLVtA）试验是由独立的神经科医生进行转归评价的一项前瞻性非随机研究，文献的证据级别被归类为AHAB级、AANⅢ级和CEBM2级。其他研究均为非对照性或未进行客观的转归评价，因此证据级别被归类为AHAC级、AAHIV级和CEBM4级。结论对于有症状ICAD患者，阿司匹林＋氯毗格雷联合治疗3个月和强化控制危险因素是一线治疗方案。对于经过选择的有症状ICAD患者，球囊血管成形／支架置入术是一种可供选择的治疗方案。需要进一步研究，以确定合适的患者选择标准以及针对各种亚组患者的最佳治疗方案。

关键词：颅内动脉粥样硬化血管内治疗标准动脉粥样硬化性疾病美国神经病学学会最佳治疗方案复发性卒中随机对照试验

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