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The song remains the same： j.venile Richardson＇s ground squirrels do not respond dif.erentially to mother＇s or colony member＇s alarm calls

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Current Zoology 2012年第5期58卷 773-780页

作者： j.mes f. HARE Kurtis j. WARKENTIN Department of.Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada R3T 2N2 Department of.Zoology Brandon University Brandon MB R7A 6A9

Alarm calls are emitted by Richardson＇s ground squirrels Urocitellus richardsonii in response to avian and terrestrial predators. Conspecif.cs detecting these calls respond with increased vigilance, promoting predator detection and evasion, but in doing so, lose time f.om f.raging. That loss can be minimized if.alarm call recipients discriminate among signalers, and weight their response accordingly. f.r j.venile ground squirrels, we predicted that the trade-of. between f.raging and vigilance could be optimized via selective response to alarm calls emitted by their own dam, and/or neighboring colony members over calls broad- cast by less f.miliar conspecif.cs. Alarm calls of.adult f.male Richardson＇s ground squirrels were elicited in the f.eld using a predator model and recorded on digital audio tape. f.ee-living f.cal j.veniles were subj.cted to playbacks of.a call of.their mother, and on a separate occasion a call f.om either another adult f.male f.om their own colony, or an adult f.male f.om another colony. Neither immediate postural responses and escape behavior, nor the duration of.vigilance manif.sted by j.veniles dif.ered with exposure to alarm calls of.the three adult f.male signaler types. Thus, j.veniles did not respond pref.rentially to alarm calls emitted by their mothers or colony members, likely ref.ecting the high cost of.ignoring alarm signals where receivers have had limited opportunity to establish past signaler reliability [Current Zoology 58 （5）： 773-780, 2012].

关键词： Alarm Signal Communication Maternal Call Recognition Signal Reliability Ground Squirrel Social Discrimination

Microbiota in colorectal cancer related to liver metastasis

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Chinese j.urnal of.Cancer Research 2024年第1期36卷 17-24页

作者： Peij.n Wei Weiming Han Zitong Zhang Xue Tian Chen Yang Qiaoxuan Wang Weihao Xie Ying Liu Yuanhong Gao Hui chang Department of.Radiation Oncology State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangzhou 510060China Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center f.r Cancer Guangzhou 510060China Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou 510060China Department of.Pediatric Oncology State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangzhou 510060China

The prevalence of.colorectal cancer(CRC) is increasing annually and metastasis is the principal cause of.death in patients with CRC, with the liver being the most f.equently af.ected site. Many studies have shown a strong interplay between the gut f.ora, particularly f.sobacterium nucleatum(f. nucleatum), Escherichia coli, and Bacteroides f.agilis, and the development of.gut tumors. Some strains can induce gut inf.ammation and produce toxins that directly harm gut epithelial cells, ultimately accelerating the onset and progression of.CRC. However,little clinical evidence exists on the specif.c interplay between the gut microf.ora and colorectal cancer liver metastasis(CRLM). Some research showed the existence of.viable f. nucleatum in distant metastasis of.***, gut microbiota products, such as lipopolysaccharides, sodium butyrate, and protein cathepsin K, were also f.und to af.ect the development of.CRC. This article summarizes the mechanism and research status of.the interplay between gut microf.ora and CRLM, discusses the importance of.gut microf.ora in the treatment of.CRLM, and proposes a new approach to understanding the mechanism of.CRLM and potential treatments f.r the microbiome. It is anticipated that the gut microbiota will be a f.rmidable therapeutic and prophylactic tool f.r treating and preventing CRLM.

关键词： Gut microbiota liver metastasis colorectal cancer

Microplastic exposure disturbs sleep structure,reduces lif.span,and decreases ovary size in Drosophila melanogaster

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Zoological Research 2024年第4期45卷 805-820页

作者： Wei Yan Zi-j.e Li Zi-Yi Lin Shu-Qin j. William Ka f.i Tse Zhi-Qiang Meng chang Liu Lei Li Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of.Brain Science Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong 518000China CAS Key Laboratory of.Brain Connectome and Manipulation the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease InstituteShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong 518000China Laboratory of.Developmental Disorders and Toxicology Center for Promotion of International Education and ResearchFaculty of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaFukuoka 819-0395Japan Shenzhen Key Laboratory of.Drug Addiction the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease InstituteShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong 518000China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of.Brain Connectome and Behavior Brain Cognition and Brain Disease InstituteShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong 518000China

The organ-specif.c toxicity resulting f.om microplastic(MP)exposure has been extensively explored,particularly concerning the gut,liver,testis,and ***,under natural conditions,these ef.ects are not restricted to specif.c organs or *** whether MP exposure presents a systemic threat to an entire organism,impacting f.ctors such as lif.span,sleep,and f.cundity,is *** this study,we investigated the ef.ects of.dietary exposure to two dif.erent doses of.MPs(1–5μm)using the terrestrial model organism Drosophila *** indicated that the particles caused gut damage and remained within the digestive *** MP exposure signif.cantly shortened the lif.span of.adult *** short-term exposure disrupted sleep patterns,increasing the length of.daytime sleep ***,one week of.MP exposure reduced ovary size,with a trend towards decreased egg-laying in mated *** MPs did not penetrate the brain or ovaries,transcriptome analysis revealed altered gene expression in these *** the ovary,Gene Ontology(GO)analysis indicated genotoxic ef.ects impacting inf.ammation,circadian regulation,and metabolic processes,with signif.cant impacts on extracellular structure-related *** the brain,GO analysis identif.ed changes in pathways associated with proteolysis and carbohydrate ***,this study provides compelling evidence of.the systemic negative ef.ects of.MP exposure,highlighting the urgent need to address and mitigate environmental MP pollution.

关键词： Microplastics Sleep Lif.span Reproduction Risk assessment Drosophila melanogaster

Metabolic and microbial changes in light-vented bulbul during recent northward range expansion

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 24-33页

作者： Yun Wu Ying Xiong Yanzhu j. Yalin Cheng Qianghui Zhu Xiaolu j.ao Yongbin chang Na Zhao j.ng Yang f.min Lei Gang Song Key Laboratory of.Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of.Lif. Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of.Zoology College of Life scienceSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa'an 625099SichuanChina Henan Engineering Research Center of.Bird-Related Outage Zhengzhou Normal UniversityZhengzhou 450044China School of.Ecology and Environment Anhui Normal UniversityWuhu 241002AnhuiChina School of.Environmental Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXian 710021China Centerf.r Excellence inAnimal Evolutionand Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China

Endotherms recently expanding to cold environments generally exhibit strong physiological acclimation to sustain high body *** this process,gut microbes likely play a considerable role in host physiological f.nctions,including digestion and *** light-vented bulbul Pycnonotus sinensis represents one such *** used to be restricted to the Oriental realm but expanded its distribution range north to the Palearctic areas during the past f.w ***,we explored the seasonal dynamics of.the resting metabolic rate(RMR)and microbiota f.r local and newly colonized populations of.the *** results showed that the mass-adj.sted RMR and body mass were pos-itively correlated with latitude variations in both ***,the gut microbiota showed a corresponding variation to the northern cold *** the two northern populations,the alpha diversity decreased compared with those of.the two southern *** dif.erences were detected in dominant phyla,such as f.rmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Proteobacteria,and Desulf.bacterota in both *** core microbiota showed geographic dif.erences in the winter,including the elevated relative abundance of.5 species in northern ***,to explore the link between microbial communities and host metabolic thermogenesis,we conducted a correlation analysis between microbiota and mass-adj.sted *** f.und that more genera were signif.cantly correlated with mass-adj.sted RMR in the wintering season compared to the breeding season(71 vs.23).These results suggest that microbiota of.the lighted-vented bulbul linked with thermogenesis in diversity and abundance under northward expansion.

关键词： bird body mass gutmicrobiota RMR season

Mechanical robust and self.healing f.exible perovskite solar cells with ef.iciency exceeding 23%

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第8期67卷 2670-2678页

作者： Yaohua Wang Ruikun Cao Yuanyuan Meng Bin Han Ruij.a Tian Xiaoyi Lu Zhenhua Song Shuncheng Yang Congda Lu chang Liu Ziyi Ge College of.Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China Zhej.ang Provincial Engineering Research Center of.Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials TechnologyEngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201China Center of.Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of.Chinese Academy of.Sciences Beijing 100049China

f.exible perovskite solar cells(f.PSCs) have experienced rapid advancements due to the light-weight, f.exibility, and solution processability of.the perovskite materials, which prompted the power conversion ef.iciency(PCE) to 24.08%. However, f.PSCs still f.ce challenges in terms of.mechanical and environmental stability. This is primarily due to their inherent brittleness, the presence of.residual tensile strain, and the high density of.def.cts along the boundaries of.perovskite grains. To this end, we caref.lly developed a cross-linkable elastomers 3-[(3-acrylamidopropyl)dimethylammonium] propanoate(ADP) with electrostatic dynamic bond, which could be in-situ cross-linked and coordinate with [Pb I6]4-to regulate the crystallization process of.perovskite. The cross-linked elastomers attached to the perovskite grain boundaries could release the remaining tensile strains and mechanical stresses, leading to enhanced stability and f.exibility of.the f.PSCs. More importantly, the electrostatic interaction between positive and negative groups of.cross-linked elastomers and hydrogen bond f.rmation between N–H and C=O accelerate the cross-linking of.ADP, endowing the f.exible perovskite f.lms with self.healing ability under mild treating conditions(60 °C f.r 30 min). As a result, the device achieves a remarkable PCE of.23.53%(certif.ed 23.16%). Additionally, the device exhibits impressive mechanical sustainability and durability, retaining over 90% of.initial PCE even af.er undergoing8,000 bending cycles.

关键词： Mechanical robust and self.healing f.exible perovskite solar cells with ef.iciency exceeding 23

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Magnetic Behaviour of.Sm2Co7/f./Sm2 Co7, Nanocomposite Trilayers with Cr and Ti Additions

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Chinese Physics Letters 2009年第3期26卷 255-257页

作者： f. Shahzad S. A. Siddiqi j. Zhou Advaaced Light Source Berkeley Lab University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA Centre f.r Solid State Physics University of the Punjab Lahore-54590 Pakistan Department of.Physics University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA

Trilayered Sm2Co7/f./Sm2Co7 spring exchange magnets are f.bricated by dc magnetron sputtering on MgO substrates. Very thin layers （0.3-0.7 nm） of.Cr and Ti are added at the interf.ces of.the two magnetic phases. The thickness of.StucCo7 is kept at 20nm and f. at 6nm while the thickness of.Cr and Ti are varied as 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7nm. The base pressure of.sputtering chamber is kept below 10^-7 Torr and Ar pressure at 3-8m Torr. The samples are characterized by x-ray dif.raction （XRD） and SQUID magnetometer. We report improvement in exchange coupling of.nonacomposite magnets by addition of.thin layers of.Cr at interf.ces.

关键词： No English Keywords

亚热带森林植物的叶片和根系功能性状部分耦合但具有不同的群落性状分布格局

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j.urnal of.Plant Ecology 2024年第1期17卷 94-110页

作者： Wenqi Luo Oscar j.Valverde-Barrantes Monique Weemstra j.mes f.Cahill j. Zi Wang Dong He Yongf. Chen Chengj.n Chu Youshi Wang State Key Laboratory of.Biocontrol School of Life Sciences/School of EcologySun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China International Center f.r Tropical Botany Department of Biological SciencesFlorida International UniversityMiamiFL 33199USA Department of.Biological Sciences University of AlbertaEdmontonABT6G 2E9Canada School of.Ecology and the Environment Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China

植物的生态过程依赖于叶片和根系的功能运行,但少有研究同时关注这两类性状在群落中的分布格局(CTD)。本文测定了广东亚热带森林44种共生木本植物的16个叶片和根系性状,旨在检验类比的叶片和根系性状是否耦合,是否沿类似的功能性状谱变... 详细信息

植物的生态过程依赖于叶片和根系的功能运行,但少有研究同时关注这两类性状在群落中的分布格局(CTD)。本文测定了广东亚热带森林44种共生木本植物的16个叶片和根系性状,旨在检验类比的叶片和根系性状是否耦合,是否沿类似的功能性状谱变异,是否表现出类似的CTD,其CTD和群落加权平均性状值(CWM)是否沿环境梯度表现出类似的响应。研究结果表明,叶片和根系性状变异的第一轴均呈显出由资源获取向资源保守变异的经济学谱,但叶片变异的第二轴主要由叶片碳含量表征,而根系变异的第二轴主要由反映菌根协作程度的根系粗细表征。类比的叶片和根系化学性状整体正相关,但形态性状的耦合程度较低。在群落水平上,叶片和根系性状第一轴的CWM均随海拔升高而变得更保守,而第二轴的变化则不一致。随土壤磷含量的降低或钾含量的升高,根系变得更细和在养分性状上更保守,而叶片性状无显著变化。当整合多维性状轴时,叶片性状呈发散格局,且随海拔、土壤磷和钾含量的增加呈收敛趋势;而根系性状呈收敛格局,但沿上述环境梯度呈发散趋势。该研究强调,叶片和根系性状与环境互作的差异可能导致不同的性状分布格局;植物可通过多样的地上和地下功能设计应对环境异质性。

关键词：性状维度群落构建叶片性状根系性状植物经济谱群落性状结构亚热带森林

f.brication and Characterization of.SmCo5/f.65Co35 and SmCo5/f. Composite Spring Exchange Magnets

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Chinese Physics Letters 2008年第7期25卷 2642-2644页

作者： f. Shahzad S. A. Siddiqi j. Zhou Centre f.r Solid State Physics University of the Punjab Lahore-54590 Pakistan Department of.Physics University of California Berkeley California-P4720 USA

SmCo5/f.65Co35 and SmCo5/f. spring exchange magnets are f.bricated by dc magnetron sputtering on MgO substrates and 100-nm-thick Si3N4 membranes, respectively. The base pressure of.sputtering chamber is kept below 10^-7 Tort, and Ar pressure is 3 to 8mTorr. The samples are characterized by an x-ray dif.ractometer, a superconducting quantum interf.rence magnetometer, and high resolution magnetic sof. x-ray microscopy. We obtain the complete exchange coupling and single phase behaviour of.composite magnets. The （BH）max value achieved is 28.8 MGOe.

关键词： the power-law exponents precipitation durative abrupt precipitation change

Inf.uence of.Turbulators in Blade Cooling Passages on f.lm Hole Discharge Coef.icients

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j.urnal of.Thermal Science 2004年第3期13卷 245-254页

作者： H.-P. SCHIf.ER j. TAEGE f. HASELBACH Rolls-Royce Deutschland Eschenweg 11 D-15827 Dahlewitz GermanyRolls-Royce Deutschland Eschenweg 11 D-15827 Dahlewitz GermanyRolls-Royce Deutschland Eschenweg 11 D-15827 Dahlewitz Germany

This paper details the results of.a j.int proj.ct between Rolls-Royce Deutschland (RRD) and the Northwestern Polytechnical University of.China (NWPU). The obj.ctive of.the proj.ct was the determination of.the inf.uence of.tabulators in turbine blade cooling passages on f.lm hole discharge coef.icients (Cd coef.icients). A large-scale plexiglas model was used by the NWPU to measure the turbulator inf.uence on Cd coef.icients f.r a wide range of.dif.erent geometrical parameters, Reynolds numbers and cooling f.ow of. take ratios. RRD specif.ed the comprehensive test matrix and analysed the test data. The Cf. code f.UENT was used by RRD f.r numerical simulation of.the test cases with the main obj.ctive to support the interpretation of.observed trends. Both, experimental and numerical results will be presented in this paper f.r a selection of.test conf.gurations.

关键词： f.lm hole discharge coef.icient turbulator blade cooling.