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Momentum Transport in DIII-D Discharges with and Without Magnetohydrodynamics （MHD） Activity

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Plasma Science and Technology 2009年第1期11卷 127-130页

作者：任启龙 M. S. CHU L. L. LAO H. St. j.HN R. LAHAYE Y. M. j.ON 张澄周登李国强 j. M. PARK j. S. DEGRASSIE Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China General Atomics San Diego CA USA Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Oak Ridge TN USA Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN USA

Two phases of a DIII-D discharge with and without magnetohydrodynamics （MHD） activity are analysed using ONETWO code. The toroidal momentum flux is extracted from experimental data and compared with the predictions by neoclassical theory, Gyro-Landau fluid transport model （GLF23） and Multi-Mode model （MMM95）. It is found that without MHD activities GLF23 and MMM95 provide a reasonable description while with MHD activity no model alone can fully describe the experimental momentum flux. For the phase with MHD activity a simple model of resonant magnetic drag is tested and it cannot fully explain the plasma slowing down observed in experiment.

关键词： toroidal rotation MHD activity magnetic drag

Improvement of Inj.ction-Locked VCSELs for Analog and Digital Communication Systems

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光学学报 2003年第S1期23卷 369-370页

作者： Chih-Hao Chang Lukas Chrostowski Connie j. Chang-Hasnain Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA.Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA.Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA.

VCSEL Inj.ction locking is demonstrated to increase laser bandwidth and reduce non-linearity and chirp. All these properties enhance analog and digital modulation performance.

关键词： for VCSEL SFDR Improvement of Inj.ction-Locked VCSELs for Analog and Digital Communication Systems of

Role of proteasome inhibition in sensitized transplant candidates

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Chinese Medical j.urnal 2011年第5期124卷 771-774页

作者： Matthew j. Everly j.son j. Everly Paul I. Terasaki One Lambda Inc Research 2 Division Los Angeles CA 90064 USA

Obj.ctive To review this efficacy and safety of bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, in the setting of the sensitized transplant candidate. Data sources The data used in this review were from articles published （PubMed） between 2000 to 2010. Additionally abstracts from medical meetings related to transplant were also used. Study selection Articles were selected if they were trial results or case studies for the use of bortezomib in the sensitized patient *** The early data using bortezomib as a part of desensitization regimens has shown success. Although one cycle （4 doses） of bortezomib seems to have affect on many patients, it also seems likely that to provide complete desensitization multiple cycles will be required. Regarding safety, bortezomib has been shown to have minimal side effects. The most common side effects reported are those of thrombocytopenia and anemia. These side effects are dose related and self limiting upon discontinuation of the *** Bortezomib with plasmapheresis is a promising new alternative to desensitization protocols that use either high dose intravenous immune globulin （IVIG） or low dose IVIG and plasmapheresis. The efficacy on antibody reduction looks to be batter that that of the IVIG based regimens without significant addition toxicity. The results of ongoing prospective trials are positive and their complete results are greatly anticipated.

关键词： proteasome inhibition bortezomib desensitization plasma cell alloantibodies human leukocyte antigen transplantation

Symposia Report Immunoglobulin G for the Treatment of Chronic Pain：Report of an Expert Workshop

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中国疼痛医学杂志 2014年第11期20卷 769-777页

作者： Stefano Tamburin Kristian Borg Xavier j. caro Stefano j.nn Alexander j. Clark Francesca Magrinelli Gen Sobue Lars Werhagen Giampietro Zanette Haruki Koike Peter j. Spath Angela Vincent Andreas Goebel Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences University of Verona Verona Department of Neurosciences Hospital Niguarda Ca Granda Milan Section of Neurology Pederzoli Hospital Peschiera del Garda Verona Italy Division of Rehabilitation Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences Karolinska Institute at Danderyds Hospital Stockholm Sweden Division of Rheumatology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles California USA Department of Neurology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan Department of Anesthesia Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada Institute of pharmacology University of Bern Bern Switzerland Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Oxford Oxford Pain Research Institute University of Liverpool Clinical Sciences Building University Hospital Aintree Liverpool UK

背景:慢性疼痛的治疗效果仍不理想。尽管现在治疗慢性疼痛的药物种类较多,但许多患者对疗效仍不满意或诉药物的副作用太大。越来越多的证据表明,免疫系统参与了伤害性和神经病理性慢性疼痛的病理过程。设计:在英国利物浦的专题会议上,... 详细信息

背景:慢性疼痛的治疗效果仍不理想。尽管现在治疗慢性疼痛的药物种类较多,但许多患者对疗效仍不满意或诉药物的副作用太大。越来越多的证据表明,免疫系统参与了伤害性和神经病理性慢性疼痛的病理过程。设计:在英国利物浦的专题会议上,专家们出示了免疫系统参与慢性疼痛的证据。近来的研究表明,静脉(IVIg)或皮下(SCIg)注射免疫调节药物——多价免疫球蛋白(Ig G)可缓解外周神经病理性疼痛和其他疼痛性疾病。专题会议讨论了IVIg和SCIg治疗的适应证、效价比及其副作用。结果:Ig G可缓解某些伤害性和神经病理性慢性疼痛,如糖尿病、干燥综合征、纤维肌痛症、复杂性区域疼痛综合征、小儿麻痹后遗症和继发于病理性自身抗体的疼痛。结论:Ig G对某些慢性疼痛具有一定的治疗前景。Ig G是一种相对安全的治疗方法,副作用少而轻,但价格较贵。今后有必要对Ig G治疗顽固性疼痛进行随机对照研究和预测性临床试验。

关键词：慢性疼痛患者临床治疗副作用后遗症

Araucaria cunninghamii Seedling Response to Different Forms and Rates of ^(15)N-Labelled Fertiliser

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Pedosphere 2006年第6期16卷 745-755页

作者： T, j. BLUMFIELD XU Zhi-Hong Centre for Forestry and Horticultural Research Nathan Campus Griffith University 170 Kessels Road Nathan Queens- land 4111 （Australia） Faculty of Environmental Sciences Griffith University Nathan Campus Griffith University 170 Kessels Road Nathan Queensland 4111 （Australia）

Nitrogenous fertilisers are under consideration for promoting the growth of nursery-reared hoop pine （Araucaria cunninghamii Alton ex A. Cunn） seedlings in the establishment phase of second rotation （2R） plantations. Using ^15N- labelled fertilisers, we investigated the effect of different forms （ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate and urea） and rates of application （0, 150 and 300 mg N kg^-1 dried soil） of fertilisers on the growth, ^15N recovery and carbon isotope composition （δ^13C） of hoop pine seedlings in a 12-month glasshouse trial in southeast Queensland, Australia. The ^15N-labelled fertilisers were applied to nursery-reared hoop pine seedlings, which were then grown in pots, containing ca. 1.2 kg dried soil, under well watered conditions for 12 months. Four seedlings from each treatment were harvested at 4-month intervals, divided into roots, stem and foliage, with a further subdivision for new and old foliage, and then analysed for ^15N, total N, δ^13C and total C. There was no significant response in the seedling growth to the form or rate of application of nitrogen （N） fertiliser within the 12-month period, indicating that the seedlings did not experience N deficiency when grown on second rotation hoop pine soils. While the combined ^15N recovery from soil and plant remained at around 70% throughout the experiment, the proportion of ^15N recovered from the plants increasing steadily over time. Nitrate containing fertilisers at 150 mg N kg^-1 soil gradually increased seedling foliage δ^13C over the 12-month period, indicating an increase in seedling water use efficiency.

关键词： hoop pine ^15N recovery nitrogen water use efficiency

Regulation of activin A in cell proliferation and hormone secretion by human normal trophoblast cells

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第7期44卷 609-612页

作者： Yanling Wang j. P. Mathe T. Woodroff Shuyi Luo Linzhi Zhuang Chinese Acad Sci Inst Zool State Key Lab Reprod Biol Beijing 100080 Peoples R China Genentech Inc S San Francisco CA 94080 USA

Regulation of activin A in cell proliferation as well as hCG and progesterone secretion was investigated using primary cultured cytotrophoblast cells and normal placenta origin cytotrophoblast cell line-NPC cells in serum-free system. It was shown that activin A promoted hCG and progesterone secretion in primary cultured cytotrophoblast cells as well as progesterone secretion in NPC cells, while it had no effect on cell proliferation and hCG secretion in NPC cells. lmportant evidence is provided for the autocrine regulatory mechanism of activin A on hormone secretion in placental trophoblast cells at early pregnancy.

关键词： human placental trophoblast cells at early pregnancy activin A cell proliferation hCG progesterone.

CLE25 peptide regulates phloem initiation in Arabidopsis through a CLERK-CLV2 receptor complex

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j.urnal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第10期61卷 1043-1061页

作者： Shi-Chao Ren Xiu-Fen Song Wen-Qiang Chen Ran Lu William j. Lucas Chun-Ming Liu Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanxincun 20 Fragrant Hill Beiing 100093 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beiing 100049 China Department of Plant Biology College of Biological Sciences University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beiing 100081 China

The phloem, located within the vascular system, is critical for delivery of nutrients and signaling molecules throughout the plant body. Although the morphological process and several factors regulating phloem differentiation have been reported, the molecular mechanism underlying its initiation remains largely unknown. Here, we report that the small peptide-coding gene, CLAVATA 3 (CLV3)/EMBEYO SURROUNDING REGION 25 (CLE25), the expression of which begins in provascular initial cells of 64-cell-staged embryos, and continues in sieve element-procambium stem cells and phloem lineage cells, during postembryonic root development, facilitates phloem initiation in Arabidopsis. Knockout of CLE25 led to delayed protophloem formation, and in situ expression of an antagonistic CLE25G6T peptide compromised the fate-determining periclinal division of the sieve element precursor cell and the continuity of the phloem in roots. In stems of CLE25G6T plants the phloem formation was also compromised, and procambial cells were over-accumulated. Genetic and biochemical analyses indicated that a complex, consisting of the CLE-RESISTANT RECEPTOR KINASE (CLERK) leucinerich repeat (LRR) receptor kinase and the CLV2 LRR receptor- like protein, is involved in perceiving the CLE25 peptide. Similar to CLE25, CLERK was also expressed during early embryogenesis. Taken together, our findings suggest that CLE25 regulates phloem initiation in Arabidopsis through a CLERK-CLV2 receptor complex.

关键词： CLE25 peptide CLERK-CLV2 receptor complex

DSSylation, a novel protein modification targets proteins induced by oxidative stress, and facilitates their degradation in cells

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Protein & Cell 2014年第2期5卷 124-140页

作者： Yinghao Zhang Fang-Mei Chang j.anj.n Huang j.cob j. j.nco Shivani K. Maffi Hannah I. Pridgen Gabriel catano Hong Dang Xiang Ding Fuquan Yang Dae j.on Kim Thomas j. Slaga Rongqiao He Sung-j.n Wei Medical Research Division Regional Academic Health Center Edinburg TX 78541 USA State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Department of Clinical Biochemistry Xiangya Medical College Central South University Changsha 410013 China Department of Pharmacology The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio TX 78229 USA Department of Molecular Me'dicine The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio TX 78229 5 USA Department of Medicine The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio TX 78229 USA The cancer Therapy and Research Center The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio TX 78229 USA Cystic Fibrosis and Pulmonary Diseases Research and Treatment Center School of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA Laboratory'of Proteomics Institute 'of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Timely removal of oxidatively damaged proteins is crit- ical for cells exposed to oxidative stresses; however, cellular mechanism for clearing oxidized proteins is not clear. Our study reveals a novel type of protein modifi- cation that may play a role in targeting oxidized proteins and remove them. In this process, DSS1 （deleted in split hand/split foot 1）, an evolutionally conserved small protein, is conj.gated to proteins induced by oxidative stresses in vitro and in vivo, implying oxidized proteins are DSS1 clients. A subsequent ubiquitination targeting DSSl-protein adducts has been observed, suggesting the client proteins are degraded through the ubiquitin- proteasome pathway. The DSS1 attachment to its clients is evidenced to be an enzymatic process modulated by an unidentified ATPase. We name this novel protein modification as DSSylation, in which DSS1 plays as amodifier, whose attachment may render target proteins a signature leading to their subsequent ubiquitination, thereby recruits proteasome to degrade them.

关键词： DSS1 shfml free radicals oxidativestress proteasome protein modification DSSylation

Karyotype Stability and Unbiased Fractionation in the Paleo-Allotetraploid Cucurbita Genomes

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Molecular Plant 2017年第10期10卷 1293-1306页

作者： Honghe Sun Shan WU Guoyu Zhang Chen j.ao Shaogui Guo Yi Ren j.e Zhang Haiying Zhang Guoyi Gong Zhangcai j.a Fan Zhang j.axing Tian William j. Lucas j.ff j. Doyle Haizhen Li Zhangj.n Fei Yong Xu National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement Beijing 100097 China Boyce Thompson Institute Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA Department of Plant Biology College of Biological Sciences University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Section of Plant Breeding & Genetics School of Integrated Plant Sciences Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA USDA-ARS Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health Ithaca NY 14853 USA

The Cucurbita genus contains several economically important species in the Cucurbitaceae family. Here, we report high-quality genome sequences of C. maxima and C. moschata and provide evidence supporting an allotetraploidization event in Cucurbita. We are able to partition the genome into two homoeologous subgenomes based on different genetic distances to melon, cucumber, and watermelon in the Benincaseae tribe. We estimate that the two diploid progenitors successively diverged from Benincaseae around 31 and 26 million years ago （Mya）, respectively, and the allotetraploidization happened at some point between 26 Mya and 3 Mya, the estimated date when C. maxima and C. moschata diverged. The subgenomes have largely maintained the chromosome structures of their diploid progenitors. Such long-term karyotype stability after polyploidization has not been commonly observed in plant polyploids. The two subgenomes have retained similar numbers of genes, and neither subgenome is globally dominant in gene expression. Allele-specific expression analysis in the C. maxima ×C. moschata interspecific F1 hybrid and their two parents indicates the predominance of trans-regulatory effects underlying expression divergence of the parents, and detects transgressive gene expression changes in the hybrid correlated with heterosis in important agronomic traits. Our study provides insights into polyploid genome evolution and valuable resources for genetic improvement of cucurbit crops.

关键词： Cucurbita maxima Cucurbita moschata paleo-allotetraploid karyotype stability unbiased fractionation allele-specific expression