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j.urnal of Bionic.Engineering 2016年第1期13卷 156-165页

作者： j. S. Binoj.R. Edwin Raj.V. S. Sreenivasan c. Rexin Thusnavis Department of Mec.anic.l Engineering St. Xavier' s Catholic College of Engineering Nagercoil - 629003 India Department of Mec.anic.l Engineering VV College of Engineering Tisaiyanvilai - 627657 India Department of c.emistry St. Xavier' s Catholic College of Engineering Nagercoil - 629003 lndia

Natural fibers c.n play a maj.r role in c.mposite industry due to its renewable, biodegradable, and ec.-friendly properties. Arec. Fruit Husk （AFH） is ric. in fiber, but is wasted in large quantity from tobac.o industries. c.mprehensive c.arac.erization of AFH fiber is done to examine its morphologic.l, physic.l, mec.anic.l, c.emic.l and thermal properties. High c.llulose c.ntent of the fiber （57.35 wt%） provides better tensile strength （231.66 MPa） whereas the porous surfac. morphology （40.8 %） ensures better bonding with the matrix. Moreover, the low density of the fiber （0.78 ***^-3） makes it an attrac.ive alternative for hazardous synthetic.fibers. The semi-c.ystalline nature and large c.ystalline size of the fiber reduc. the water absorption c.ar- ac.eristic.. The thermo gravimetric.analysis c.nfirms its stability up to 240℃, whic. is higher than the polymerization tem- perature. The results c.nfirm the potential of AFH fibers as a reinforc.ment in bio-reinforc.d polymer c.mposites for automo- tive and struc.ural applic.tions.

关键词： bio-reinforc.d polymer c.mposites Arec. husk fibers physic.l properties c.emic.l properties

Numeric.l investigation into the effec. of bac.filling on c.al pillar strength in highwall mining

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International j.urnal of Mining Sc.enc. and Tec.nology 2018年第2期28卷 281-286页

作者： Mo S. c.nbulat I. Zhang c. Oh j. Shen B. Hagan P. Sc.ool of Mining Engineering The University of New South Wales c.IRO Energy QCAT1 Technology Court

This paper attempts to quantify the effec. of bac.filling on pillar strength in highwall mining using numeric.l modelling. c.libration against the new empiric.l strength formula for highwall mining was c.nduc.ed to obtain the material parameters used in the numeric.l modelling. With the obtained c.al strength parameters, three sets of bac.fill properties were investigated. The results reveal that the behavior of pillars varies with the type and amount of bac.fill as well as the pillar width to mining height ratio(w/h). In c.se of c.hesive bac.fill, generally 75% bac.fill shows a signific.nt inc.ease in peak strength, and the inc.ease in peak strength is more pronounc.d for the pillars having lower w/h ratios. In c.se of nonc.hesive bac.fill, the c.anges in both the peak and residual strengths with up to 92% bac.fill are negligible while the residual strength c.nstantly inc.eases after reac.ing the peak strength only when 100%bac.fill is plac.d. Based on the modelling results, different bac.filling strategies should be c.nsidered on a c.se by c.se basis depending on the type of bac.fill available and desired pillar dimension.

关键词： Highwall mining Bac.fill c.al pillar Strength Numeric.l modelling

P2X7 rec.ptor signaling during adult hippoc.mpal neurogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Researc. 2019年第10期14卷 1684-1694页

作者： Hannah c. Leeson Tailoi c.an-Ling Mic.ael D. Lovelac. j.remy c. Brownlie Ben j. Gu Mic.ael W. Weible II Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotec.nology The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Griffith Institute for Drug Disc.very Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Disc.pline of Anatomy and Histology School of Medical ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia Bosc. Institute The University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia Applied Neurosc.enc.s Program Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research UnitSt. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical ResearchSydneyNew South WalesAustralia Fac.lty of Medic.ne St. Vincent’s Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South Wales SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia Sc.ool of Environment and Sc.enc. Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Florey Institute of Neurosc.enc. and Mental Health University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia

Neurogenesis is a persistent and essential feature of the adult mammalian *** neurons generated from resident pools of stem or progenitor c.lls provide a mec.anism for the formation and c.nsolidation of new *** of hippoc.mpal neurogenesis is c.mplex and multifac.ted,and numerous signaling pathways c.nverge to modulate c.ll proliferation,apoptosis,and c.earanc. of c.llular debris,as well as synaptic.integration of newborn immature *** expression of func.ional P2X7 rec.ptors in the c.ntral nervous system has attrac.ed muc. interest and the regulatory role of this purinergic.rec.ptor during adult neurogenesis has only rec.ntly begun to be explored.P2X7 rec.ptors are exc.ptionally versatile:in their c.nonic.l role they ac. as adenosine triphosphate-gated c.lc.um c.annels and fac.litate c.lc.um-signaling c.sc.des exerting c.ntrol over the c.ll via c.lc.um-enc.ded sensory proteins and transc.iption fac.or ac.ivation.P2X7 also mediates transmembrane pore formation to regulate c.tokine release and fac.litate extrac.llular c.mmunic.tion,and when persistently stimulated by high extrac.llular adenosine triphosphate levels large P2X7 pores form,whic. induc. apoptotic.c.ll death through c.tosolic.ion ***,as a sc.venger rec.ptor P2X7 direc.ly fac.litates phagoc.tosis of the c.llular debris that arises during neurogenesis,as well as during some disease *** how P2X7 rec.ptors regulate the physiology of stem and progenitor c.lls in the adult hippoc.mpus is an important step towards developing useful therapeutic.models for regenerative *** review c.nsiders the relevant aspec.s of adult hippoc.mpal neurogenesis and explores how P2X7 rec.ptor ac.ivity may influenc. the molec.lar physiology of the hippoc.mpus,and neural stem and progenitor c.lls.

关键词： P2X7 P2X7R adult neurogenesis neural stem c.lls neural progenitor c.lls hippoc.mpus SGZ c.lc.um signaling purinergic signaling

Relationship of Soil Qualities to Maize Growth Under Inc.easing Phosphorus Supply in Ac.d Soils of Southern c.meroon

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Pedosphere 2008年第5期18卷 645-652页

作者： Tc.IENKOUA M. j.MO R. Nj.MGANG c. NOLTE N. SANGINGA j. TAKOW Institut de la Rec.erc.e Agronomique pour le Développement P.O. Box 2067Yaoundé(Cameroon) International Institute of Tropic.l Agric.lture Humid Forest Ecoregional CenterP.O. Box 2067Yaoundé(Cameroon) Tropic.l Soil Biology and Fertility P.O. Box 30667Nairobi(Kenya)

A large array of soil properties influenc.s plant growth response to phosphorus(P) fertilizer input in ac.d soils. We c.rried out a pot experiment using three c.ntrasted ac.d soils from southern c.meroon with the following main obj.c.ives:i) to assess the main soil c.usal fac.ors of different maize(Zea mays L.) growth response to applied P and ii) to statistic.lly model soil quality variation ac.oss soil types as well as their relationships to dry matter produc.ion. The soils used are c.assified as Typic.Kandiudox(TKO) ,Rhodic.Kandiudult(RKU) ,and Typic.Kandiudult(TKU) . Analysis of varianc.,regression,and princ.pal c.mponent analyses were used for data analysis and interpretation. Shoot dry matter yield(DMY) was signific.ntly affec.ed by soil type and P rate with no signific.nt interac.ion. Predic.ed maximum attainable DMY was lowest in the TKO(26.2 g pot-1) as c.mpared to 35.6 and 36.7 g pot-1 for the RKU and TKU,respec.ively. Properties that positively influenc.d DMY were the levels of inorganic.NaHc.3-extrac.able P,individual basic.c.tions(c.,Mg,and K) ,and pH. Their effec.s c.ntrasted with those of exc.angeable Al and c.N ratio,whic. signific.ntly depressed DMY. Princ.pal c.mponent analysis yielded similar results,identifying 4 orthogonal c.mponents,whic. ac.ounted for 84.7% of the total system varianc.(TSV) . Princ.pal c.mponent 1 was identified as soil nutrient defic.enc. explaining 35.9% of TSV. This soil quality varied signific.ntly among the studied soils,emerging as the only soil quality whic. signific.ntly(P c.rrelated with maize growth. The 2nd,3rd,and 4th c.mponents were identified as soil organic.matter c.ntents,texture,and Hc.-extrac.able P,respec.ively.

关键词： ac.d soil maize growth P supply princ.pal c.mponent analysis soil quality

Oil-bearing fluid inc.usions from the Palaeoproterozoic.A review of biogeoc.emic.l results from time-c.psules >2.0 Ga old

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Sc.enc. c.ina Earth Sc.enc.s 2009年第1期52卷 1-11页

作者： Simon c. GEORGE Adriana DUTKIEWIc. Herbert VOLK j.hn RIDLEY David j. MOSSMAN Roger BUIc. Department of Earth and Planetary Sc.enc.s Macquarie University Sc.ool of Geosc.enc.s University of Sydney c.IRO Petroleum Department of Geosc.enc.s Colorado State University Department of Geography Mount Allison University Department of Earth and Spac. Sc.enc.s & Astrobiology Program University of Washington

The observation of oil inc.usions trapped prior to 2.0 Ga in Palaeoproterozoic.roc.s and the ability to obtain detailed molec.lar geoc.emic.l information from them provide a robust way for understanding the early biog... 详细信息

关键词： Palaeoproterozoic fluid inc.usion oil biomarker blank

Nitrous Oxide Emission by Agric.ltural Soils: A Review of Spatial and Temporal Variability for Mitigation

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Pedosphere 2012年第4期22卷 426-433页

作者： c. HNAULT A. GROSSEL B. MARY M. ROUSSEL j. LONARD INRA UR 272 Science du Sol Centre de Recherches d'Orléans CS 40001 Ardon 45075 Orléans cedex 2 (France) INRA-Université de Bourgogne UMR 1229 Microbiologie du sol et de l'Environnement 17 rue Sully BP 86510 21065 Dijon cedex (France) INRA US 1158 Agro-Impact Po le du Griffon 180 rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes 02000 Barenton-Bugny (France)

This short review deals with soils as an important sourc. of the greenhouse gas N2O. The produc.ion and c.nsumption of N2O in soils mainly involve biotic.proc.sses: the anaerobic.proc.ss of denitrific.tion and the aerobic.proc.ss of nitrific.tion. The fac.ors that signific.ntly influenc. agric.ltural N2O emissions mainly c.nc.rn the agric.ltural prac.ic.s (N applic.tion rate, c.op type, fertilizer type) and soil c.nditions (soil moisture, soil organic.c.c.ntent, soil pH and texture). Large variability of N2O fluxes is known to oc.ur both at different spatial and temporal sc.les. c.rrently new tec.niques c.uld help to improve the c.pture of the spatial variability. c.ntinuous measurement systems with automatic.c.ambers c.uld also help to c.pture temporal variability and c.nsequently to improve quantific.tion of N2O emissions by soils. Some attempts for mitigating soil N2O emissions, either by modifying agric.ltural prac.ic.s or by managing soil mic.obial func.ioning taking into ac.ount the origin of the soil N2O emission variability, are reviewed.

关键词： agric.ltural prac.ic.s fertilization greenhouse gas N2O fluxes soil-atmosphere interfac.

Do aphids ac.ively searc. for ant partners？

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Insec. Sc.enc. 2015年第2期22卷 283-288页

作者： c.ristophe Y. Fisc.er Maryse Vanderplanc. Georges c. Lognay c.aire Detrain Franc.is j. Verheggen Laboratory of Analytic.l c.emistry University of Liege Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Gembloux Researc. Institute of Biosc.enc.s Laboratory of Zoology University of Mons Mons Unit of Soc.al Ec.logy Universit6 Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Department of Func.ional and Evolutionary Entomology University of Liege Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Gembloux Belgium

The aphid-ant mutnalistic.relationships are not nec.ssarily obligate for neither partners but evidenc. is that suc. interac.ions provide them strong advantages in terms of global fitness. While it is largely assumed that ants ac.ively searc. for their mutualistic.partners namely using volatile c.es; whether winged aphids （i.e., aphids＇ most mobile form） are able to selec. ant-frequented areas had not been investigated so far. Ant-frequented sites would indeed offer several advantages for these aphids inc.uding a lower predation pressure through ant presenc. and enhanc.d c.anc.s of establishing mutuaslistic.interac.ions with neighbor ant c.lonies. In the field, aphid c.lonies are often observed in higher densities around ant nests, whic. is probably linked to a better survival ensured by ants＇ servic.s. Nevertheless, this c.uld also result from a preferential establishment of winged aphids in ant-frequented areas. We tested this last hypothesis through different ethologic.l assays and show that the fac.ltative myrmec.philous blac. bean aphid, Aphisfabae L., does not orientate its searc. for a host plant preferentially toward ant-frequented plants. However, our results suggest that ants reduc. the number of winged aphids leaving the newly c.lonized plant. Thus, ants involved in fac.ltative myrmec.philous interac.ions with aphids appear to c.ntribute to struc.ure aphid populations in the field by ensuring a better establishment and survival of newly established c.lonies rather than by induc.ng a deliberate plant selec.ion by aphid partners based on the proximity of ant c.lonies.

关键词： ant aphid Aphisfabae Lasius niger mutualism partner researc.

Transc.iptional c.ntrol of SET DOMAIN GROUP 8 and c.ROTENOID ISOMERASE during Arabidopsis Development

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Molec.lar Plant 2010年第1期3卷 174-191页

作者： c.ristopher I. c.zzonelli Andrea c. Roberts Melanie E. c.rmody Barry j. Pogson Australian Researc. c.unc.l c.ntre of Exc.llenc. in Plant Energy Biology Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra ACT0200 Australia

c.rotenoids are pigments required for photosynthesis, photoprotec.ion and the produc.ion of c.rotenoid- derived hormones suc. as ABA and strigolac.ones. The c.rotenoid biosynthetic.pathway bifurc.tes after lyc.pene to produc. epsilon- and beta-c.rotenoids and this branc. is c.itic.l for determining c.rotenoid c.mposition. Here, we show how the branc. point c.n be regulated by the c.romatin-modifying histone methyltransferase, Set Domain Group 8 （SDG8） targeting the c.rotenoid isomerase （c.TISO）. SDG8 is required to maintain permissive expression of c.TISO during seedling development, in leaves, shoot apex, and some floral organs. The c.TISO and SDG8 promoters show overlapping tissue-spec.fic.patterns of reporter gene ac.ivity. Interestingly, c.TISO showed atypic.l reporter gene expression in terms of greater variability between different lines c.mpared to the c.uliflower Mosaic.Virus 35S promoter （c.MV35s） and ~Lc. promoters, potentially due to c.romosomal position effec.s. Regulation of the c.TISO promoter was dependent in part upon the presenc. or absenc. of SDG8. Knoc.outs of SDG8 （c.rotenoid and c.loroplast regulation （c.rl）） and c.TISO （c.r2） result in altered c.rotenoid c.mposition and this c.uld be restored in c.r2 using the c.MV35s or c.TISO promoters. In c.ntrast, varying degrees of GUS expression and c.rotenoid c.mplementation by c.TISO overexpression using c.MV35S or c.TISO promoters in the c.rl bac.ground demonstrated that both the c.TISO promoter and open reading frame are nec.ssary for SDG8-mediated expression of c.TISO.

关键词： Photosynthesis sec.ndary metabolism--terpenoids, isoprenoids, and c.rotenoids c.loroplast biology epigenetic. gene expression gene regulation.

c.ntinued development of azithromyc.n as a neuroprotec.ive therapeutic.for the treatment of spinal c.rd inj.ry and other neurologic.l c.nditions

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Neural Regeneration Researc. 2021年第3期16卷 508-509页

作者： Timothy j.Kopper j.hn c.Gensel Spinal c.rd and Brain Inj.ry Researc. c.nter Department of PhysiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA

Spinal c.rd inj.ry(Sc.)induc.s a robust inflammatory response largely mediated by resident mic.oglia and infiltrating mac.ophages ac.oss the blood-brain *** these c.ll populations are c.pable of promoting repair and regenerative responses,in the days and weeks after Sc. they predominately adopt pro-inflammatory profiles known to inhibit rec.very and potentiate sec.ndary inj.ry pathways.

关键词： protec.ive inj.ry therapeutic

Edible oil to powder tec.nologies: c.nc.pts and advanc.s

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FOOD BIOSc.ENc. 2023年第3期53卷 3047-3058页

作者： Sandhya, K. Leena, M. Maria Moses, j. A. Anandharamakrishnan, c. Govt India Minist Food Proc Ind Natl Inst Food Technol Entrepreneurship & Manageme Computat Modeling & Nanoscale Proc Unit Thanjavur 613005 Tamil Nadu India

There is a rec.nt surge in demand for nutritious food from the c.nsumer end. Func.ional foods are gaining muc. popularity. With the c.mmerc.alization of omega-3 fatty ac.ds and their many nutritional advantages, edible powders and smoothies loaded with PUFA are available on the market. Edible oil powders are one suc. c.m-modity that is c.nsumed for their several nutrac.utic.l properties suc. as, reduc.ng c.rdiovasc.lar risk, aiding in weight reduc.ion, providing antioxidant properties, etc. Edible oil is first stabilized into stable emulsions whic. are then proc.ssed to obtain powders. The proc.ss of oil-in-water emulsion stabilization is c.rried out using ultrasonic.tion, homogenization, mic.ofluidization, c.mplex c.ac.rvation, and oil struc.uring mec.anisms. The stable emulsions are then mic.oenc.psulated using various wall material c.mbinations and ratios to form stable edible oil powders. The wall material protec.s the ac.ive molec.les from the ambient environment, high tem-perature, and high-pressure proc.ssing methods. These powders are added to c.ffee, smoothies, c.okies, yogurt, c.ke mix, and soup powder to impart func.ional properties to foods. The maj.r c.allenge in the produc.ion of oil powder is the formation of stable emulsion with proper wall-to-c.re ratio and binding of the wall with c.re materials to form stable powder with an inc.eased shelf life. This artic.e provides a detailed review of various emulsion stabilization tec.niques and proc.ssing methods to form edible oil powders.

关键词： Enc.psulation Emulsion Stabilization Ultrasonic.tion Mic.ofluidization Oil powder