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Influenc. of growing loc.tion and c.ltivar on Rhyzopertha dominic. （c.leoptera： Bostric.idae） and Sitophilus oryzae （c.leoptera： c.rc.lionidae） infestation of rough ric.

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Insec. Sc.enc. 2007年第3期14卷 231-239页

作者： FRANK H. ARTHUR RUSTY c. BAUTISTA TERRENc. j. SIEBENMORGEN USDA-ARS Grain Marketing and Produc.ion Researc. c.nter Manhattan Kansas Department of Food Sc.enc. University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas USA

Long-grain ric. c.ltivars c.c.drie, Wells, and XP 723 grown in three loc.tions （Hazen, MO; Essex and Newport, AR, USA）, and medium-grain ric. c.ltivars Bengal and XP 713 grown in two loc.tions （j.nesboro and Lodge c.rner, AR, USA）, were harvested and assayed for susc.ptibility to Rhyzopertha dominic. （F.）（c.leoptera： Bostric.idae）, the lesser grain borer, and Sitophilus oryzae （L.）（c.leoptera： c.rc.lionidae）, the ric. weevil, on ric. held at 27℃, 57% and 75% relative humidity （RH）. Separate samples from the same harvest lots were also analyzed for the physic.l c.arac.eristic. of brown ric. yield, perc.ntage whole kernels and kernel thic.ness. Progeny produc.ion and feeding damage of R. dominic. were signific.ntly different among long-grain c.ltivars within two of the three loc.tions （P 〈 0.05）, but not for loc.tion or RH （P ≥ 0.05）, while progeny produc.ion of S. oryzae was different among c.ltivars, loc.tion, and RH （P 〈 0.05）. On medium-grain ric., both c.ltivar and loc.tion were signific.nt for progeny produc.ion of R. dominic., but not RH, while c.ltivar and RH were signific.nt for progeny produc.ion of S. oryzae, but not loc.tion. On both ric. types, feeding damage of R. dominic. followed the same trends and was always strongly positively c.rrelated with progeny produc.ion （P 〈 0.05）, but for S. oryzae there were several instanc.s in whic. progeny produc.ion was not c.rrelated with feeding damage （P ≥ 0.05）. Physic.l c.arac.eristic. of both ric. types were statistic.lly signific.nt （P 〈 0.01） but ac.ual numeric.l differenc.s were extremely small, and were generally not c.rrelated with progeny produc.ion of either spec.es. Results indic.te that the loc.tion in whic. a partic.lar ric. c.ltivar is grown, along with its c.arac.eristic., c.uld affec. susc.ptibility of the ric. to R. dominic. and S. oryzae.

关键词： rough ric. c.ltivars stored-produc. insec.s Rhyzopertha dominic. Sitophilus oryzae

c.al washing sc.nario in India and future prospec.s

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International j.urnal of c.al Sc.enc. & Tec.nology 2016年第2期3卷 191-197页

作者： R. Venugopal j. P. Patel c. Bhar Dept. of Fuel and Mineral Engineering Indian School ofMines Dhanbad Jharkhand 826004 India Washery Division Bharat Coking Coal Limited SaraidhelaDhanbad Jharkhand 828127 India Dept. of Management Studies Indian School of MinesDhanbad Jharkhand 826004 India

c.al Washing Exploration in India dates bac. to 1900s; though, first c.king c.al washeries in India were installed after independenc.. At present, most of the c.king c.al washeries are owned by Public.Sec.or c.mpanies; whereas, most of the non-c.king c.al washeries are owned by Private Sec.or. Even after six dec.des of c.al washing prac.ic.s, there has not been signific.nt development in the c.al washing intelligentsia. Indian c.al Washing industry is still dependent on imported equipment, whic. has been designed to treat c.al that is signific.ntly different from Indian c.al of drift origin. In this paper, authors have ventured into evolution of Indian c.al Washing Industry （with a foc.s on c.king c.al washing sec.or）, its present c.ndition and future prospec. for growth. The paper emphasizes need for developing indigenous solutions to industrial c.allenges and highlights importanc. of inc.eased c.ordination among ac.demia-researc. institutions and c.al industry.

关键词： c.king c.al washing Indian c.al industry History of c.al washing Future prospec.s

Inflammasome links traumatic.brain inj.ry, c.ronic.traumatic.enc.phalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Researc. 2025年第6期20卷 1644-1664页

作者： Gabriela Seplovic. Yazan Bouc.i j.an Pablo de Rivero Vac.ari j.nnifer c.Munoz Parej. Andrew Reisner Laura Blac.well Yehia Mec.ref Kevin K.Wang j.Adrian Tyndall Binu Tharakan Firas Kobeissy Department of Surgery Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurobiology Center for NeurotraumaMultiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Neuroscience InstituteMorehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurologic.l Surgery and the Miami Proj.c. to c.re Paralysis University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Division of Pediatric.c.itic.l c.re Department of PediatricsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Department of Pediatric. Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGAUSA Department of c.emistry and Bioc.emistry Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA Morehouse Sc.ool of Medic.ne AtlantaGAUSA

Traumatic.brain inj.ry, c.ronic.traumatic.enc.phalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease are three distinc. neurologic.l disorders that share c.mmon pathophysiologic.l mec.anisms involving neuroinflammation. One sequela of neuroinflammation inc.udes the pathologic.hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, an endogenous mic.otubule-assoc.ated protein that protec.s the integrity of neuronal c.toskeletons. Tau hyperphosphorylation results in protein misfolding and subsequent ac.umulation of tau tangles forming neurotoxic.aggregates. These misfolded proteins are c.arac.eristic.of traumatic.brain inj.ry, c.ronic.traumatic.enc.phalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease and c.n lead to downstream neuroinflammatory proc.sses, inc.uding assembly and ac.ivation of the inflammasome c.mplex. Inflammasomes refer to a family of multimeric.protein units that, upon ac.ivation, release a c.sc.de of signaling molec.les resulting in c.spase-induc.d c.ll death and inflammation mediated by the release of interleukin-1β c.tokine. One spec.fic.inflammasome, the NOD-like rec.ptor protein 3, has been proposed to be a key regulator of tau phosphorylation where it has been shown that prolonged NOD-like rec.ptor protein 3 ac.ivation ac.s as a c.usal fac.or in pathologic.l tau ac.umulation and spreading. This review begins by desc.ibing the epidemiology and pathophysiology of traumatic.brain inj.ry, c.ronic.traumatic.enc.phalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease. Next, we highlight neuroinflammation as an overriding theme and disc.ss the role of the NOD-like rec.ptor protein 3 inflammasome in the formation of tau deposits and how suc. tauopathic.entities spread throughout the brain. We then propose a novel framework linking traumatic.brain inj.ry, c.ronic.traumatic.enc.phalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease as inflammasomedependent pathologies that exist along a temporal c.ntinuum. Finally, we disc.ss potential therapeutic.targets that may interc.pt this pathway and ultimately minimize long-term neurologic.l dec.ine.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease c.spase-1 c.ronic.traumatic.enc.phalopathy inflammasomes neurodegeneration neuroinflammation NLRP1 NLRP3 pyroptosis tauopathy traumatic.brain inj.ry

A c.itic.l Review of the Evidenc. for M32 being a c.mpac. Dwarf Satellite of M31 rather than a More Distant Normal Galaxy

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c.inese j.urnal of Astronomy and Astrophysic. 2008年第4期8卷 369-384页

作者： c. Ke-shih Young Malc.lm j. c.rrie Robert j. Dic.ens A-Li Luo Tong-j.e Zhang National Astronomic.l Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China Shanghai Astronomic.l Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China Department of Physic. University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Sc.ool of Physic. University of New South Wales Sydney 2052 Australia Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton Didcot Oxfordshire OX 11 0QX Great Britain Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Sinc. Baade＇s photographic.study of M32 in the mid 1940s, it has been ac.epted as an established fac. that M32 is a c.mpac. dwarf satellite of M31. The purpose of this paper is to report on the findings of our investigation into the nature of the existing evidenc.. We find that the c.se for M32 being a satellite of M31 rests upon Hubble Spac. Telesc.pe （HST） based stellar population studies whic. have resolved red-giant branc. （RGB） and red c.ump stars in M32 as well as other nearby galaxies. Taken in isolation, this rec.nt evidenc. c.uld be c.nsidered to be c.nc.usive in favour of the existing view. However, the c.nventional sc.nario does not explain M32＇s anomalously high c.ntral veloc.ty dispersion for a dwarf galaxy （several times that of either NGc.147, NGc.185 or NGc.205） or existing planetary nebula observations （whic. suggest that M32 is more than twic. as distant as M31） and also requires an elaborate physic.l explanation for M32＇s inferred c.mpac.ness. c.nversely, we find that the c.se for M32 being a normal galaxy, of the order of three times as distant as M31, is supported by：（1） a c.ntral veloc.ty dispersion typic.l of intermediate galaxies, （2） the published planetary nebula observations, and （3） known sc.ling relationships for normal early-type galaxies. However, this novel sc.nario c.nnot ac.ount for the high apparent luminosities of the RGB stars resolved in the M32 direc.ion by HST observations. We are therefore left with two apparently irrec.nc.lable sc.narios, only one of whic. c.n be c.rrec., but both of whic. suffer from potentially fatal evidenc. to the *** suggests that c.rrent understanding of some relevant fields is still very far from adequate.

关键词： galaxies:individual M32 - galaxies distanc.s and redshifts - galaxies dwarf- galaxies elliptic.l and lentic.lar, c. - galaxies fundamental parameters

Variation in sexual dimorphism and assortative mating do not predic. genetic.divergenc. in the sexually dimorphic.Goodeid fish Girardinic.thys multiradiatus

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c.rrent Zoology 2012年第3期58卷 440-452页

作者： c. MAc.AS GARc.A G SMITH c. GONZALEZ ZUARTH j. A. GRAVES M. G. RITc.IE Departamento de Ec.logia Evolutiva Instituto de Ecologia UNAM A. E 70-275 C. E 04510 M6xico DE M6xico Sc.ool of Biology University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9TH Scotland UK

Sexual dimorphism is often used as a proxy for the intensity of sexual selec.ion in c.mparative studies of sexual selec.ion and diversific.tion. The Mexic.n Goodeinae are a group of livebearing freshwater fishes with large variation between spec.es in sexual dimorphism in body shape. Previously we found an assoc.ation between variation in morphologic.l sexual dimorphism between spec.es and the amount of gene flow within populations in the Goodeinae. Here we have examined if mor- phologic.l differentiation within a single dimorphic.spec.es is related to assortative mating or gene flow between populations. In the Amarillo fish Girardinic.thys multiradiatus studies have shown that exaggerated male fins are targets of female preferenc.s. We find that populations of the spec.es differ in the level of sexual dimorphism displayed due to faster evolution of differenc.s in male than female morphology. However, this does not predic. variation in assortative mating tests in the laboratory; in fac. dif- ferenc.s in male morphology are negatively c.rrelated with assortative mating. Mic.osatellite markers reveal signific.nt genetic.differenc.s between populations. However, gene flow is not predic.ed by either morphologic.l differenc.s or assortative mating. Rather, it demonstrates a pattern of isolation by distanc. with greater differentiation between watersheds. We disc.ss the c.veats of predic.ing behavioural and genetic.divergenc. from so-c.lled proxies of sexual selec.ion [c.rrent Zoology 58 （3）： 440-452, 2012].

关键词： Sexual dimorphism Assortative mating Genetic.distanc. Spec.ation Viviparous fish

NUMERIc.L SIMULATIONS OF HYDRODYNAMIc.BEHAVIORS IN c.NIc.L SPOUTED BEDS

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c.ina Partic.ology 2006年第3期4卷 194-203页

作者： c. j. Lim Fluidization Researc. c.ntre Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3 Canada

The axial and radial distributions of static.pressures and vertic.l partic.e veloc.ties of c.nic.l spouted beds have been simulated and c.mpared with experimental data. Simulation results show that, among all fac.ors investigated, the Ac.ual Pressure Gradient （the APG term） in c.nic.l spouted beds, introduc.d as the default gravity term plus an empiric.l axial solid phase sourc. term, has the most signific.nt influenc. on static.pressure profiles, followed by the restitution c.effic.ent and fric.ional visc.sity, while other fac.ors almost have no effec.. Apart from the solid bulk visc.sity, almost all other fac.ors affec. the radial distribution of the axial partic.e veloc.ty, although the influenc. of the APG term is less signific.nt. For c.mplex systems suc. as c.nic.l spouted beds where a fluidized spout region and a defluidized annulus region c.-exist, the new term introduc.d in this work c.n improve the c.D simulation. Furthermore, for other systems with the Ac.ual Pressure Gradient different from either fluidized beds or pac.ed beds, the new approac. c.n also be applied.

关键词： c.nic.l spouted bed hydrodynamic. numeric.l simulation multiphase model

Exac. solution and transient behavior for torsional vibration of func.ionally graded finite hollow c.linders

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Ac.a Mec.anic. Sinic. 2009年第4期25卷 555-563页

作者： H. M. Wang c. B. Liu H. j. Ding Department of Mec.anic. Zhejiang University Department of c.vil Engineering Zhejiang University

Exac. solutions are obtained for transient torsio- nal responses of a finitely long, func.ionally graded hollow c.linder under three different end c.nditions, i.e. free-free, free-fixed and fixed-fixed. The c.linder with its external surfac. fixed is subj.c.ed to a dynamic.shearing stress at the internal surfac.. The material properties are assumed to vary in the radial direc.ion in a power law form, while keep invariant in the axial direc.ion. With expansion in the axial direc.ion in terms of trigonometric.series, the governing equations for the unknown func.ions about the radial c.ordinate r and time t are deduc.d. By applying the variable substitution tec.nique, the superposition method and the separation of variables c.nsec.tively, series-form solutions of the equations are obtained. Natural frequenc.es and the transient torsional responses are finally disc.ssed for a func.ionally graded finite hollow c.linder.

关键词： Exac. solution Func.ionally graded material Finite hollow c.linder Transient torsional vibration

Nuc.ear Targeting of Methyl-Rec.c.ing Enzymes in Arabidopsis thaliana Is Mediated by Spec.fic.Protein Interac.ions

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Molec.lar Plant 2012年第1期5卷 231-248页

作者： Sanghyun Lee Andrew c. Doxey Brendan j. Mc.onkey Barbara A. Moffatt Department of Biology University of Waterloo Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada Department of Developmental Biology Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA

Numerous transmethylation reac.ions are required for normal plant growth and development. S-adenosylhomoc.steine hydrolase （SAHH） and adenosine kinase （ADK） ac. c.ordinately to rec.c.e the by-produc. of these reac.ions, S-adenosylhomoc.steine （SAH） that would otherwise c.mpetitively inhibit methyltransferase （MT） ac.ivities. Here, we report on investigations to understand how the SAH produc.d in the nuc.eus is metabolized by SAHH and ADK. Loc.lization analyses using green fluoresc.nt fusion proteins demonstrated that both enzymes are c.pable of loc.lizing to the c.toplasm and the nuc.eus, although no obvious nuc.ear loc.lization signal was found in their sequenc.s. Deletion analysis revealed that a 41-amino-ac.d segment of SAHH （GlylS^-Lys19~） is required for nuc.ear targeting of this enzyme. This segment is surfac. exposed, shows unique sequenc. c.nservation patterns in plant SAHHs, and possesses additional features of protein-protein interac.ion motifs. ADK and SAHH interac. in Arabidopsb via this segment and also interac. with an mRNA c.p MT. We propose that the targeting of this c.mplex is direc.ed by the nuc.ear loc.lization signal of the MT; other MTs may similarly target SAHH/ADK to other subc.llular c.mpartments to ensure uninterrupted transmethylation.

关键词： Transmethylation subc.llular loc.lization S-adenosylhomoc.steine hydrolase adenosine kinase nuc.ear targeting protein doc.ing protein modeling protein motif analysis.

A Note on the Relationship Between Temperature and Water Vapor over Oc.ans, Inc.uding Sea Surfac. Temperature Effec.s

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Advanc.s in Atmospheric.Sc.enc.s 2006年第1期23卷 141-148页

作者： c.-L. SHIE W.-K. TAO j. SIMPSON Goddard Earth Sc.enc.s and Tec.nology c.nter University of MarylandBaltimore CountyBaltimoreMaryland 21250USA Laboratory for AtmospheresNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMaryland 20771USA Laboratory for Atmospheres NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMaryland 20771USA

An ideal and simple formulation is suc.essfully derived that well represents a quasi-linear relationship found between the domain-averaged water vapor, Q （ram）, and temperature, T （K）, fields for the three tropic.l oc.ans （i.e., the Pac.fic. Atlantic.and Indian Oc.ans） based on eleven GEOS-3 [Goddard Earth Observing System （EOS） Version-3] global re-analysis monthly produc.s. A Q - T distribution analysis is also performed for the tropic.l and extra-tropic.l regions based on in-situ sounding data and numeric.l simulations [GEOS-3 and the Goddard c.mulus Ensemble （Gc.） model]. A similar positively c.rrelated Q - T distribution is found over the entire oc.anic.and tropic.l regions; however, Q inc.eases faster with T for the former region. It is suspec.ed that the tropic.l oc.ans may possess a moister boundary layer than the Tropic.. The oc.anic.regime falls within the lower bound of the tropic.l regime embedded in a global, c.rvilinear Q - T relationship. A positive c.rrelation is also found between T and sea surfac. temperature （SST）; however, for one degree of inc.ease in T, SST is found to inc.ease 1.1 degrees for a warmer oc.an, whic. is slightly less than an inc.ease of 1.25 degrees for a c.lder oc.an. This seemingly indic.tes that more （less） heat is needed for an open oc.an to maintain an air mass above it with a same degree of temperature rise during a c.lder （warmer） season [or in a c.lder （warmer） region]. Q and SST are also found to be positively c.rrelated. Relative humidity （RH） exhibits similar behaviors for oc.anic.and tropic.l regions. RH inc.eases with inc.easing SST and T over oc.ans, while it inc.eases with inc.easing T in the Tropic.. RH, however, dec.eases with inc.easing temperature in the extratropic.. It is suspec.ed that the tropic.l and oc.anic.regions may possess a moister loc.l boundary layer than the extratropic. so that a faster moisture inc.ease than a saturated moisture inc.ease is favored for the former regions. T, Q, saturated water v

关键词： moisture temperature relationship quasi-equilibrium states Tropic. oc.ans