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Apples to oranges:environmentally derived,dynamic regulation of serotonin neuron subpopulations in adulthood?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2596-2597页

作者： Christopher j.O’Connell Matthew j.Robson Department of Genetics College of MedicineHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA j.mes L.Winkle College of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Neuroscience Graduate Program College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA

Traumatic brain inj.ry(TBI)is a public health problem with an undue economic burden that impacts nearly every age,ethnic,and gender group across the globe(Capizzi et al.,2020).TBIs are often sustained during a dynamic range of exposures to energetic environmental forces and as such outcomes are typically heterogeneous regarding severity and pathology(Capizzi et al.,2020).

关键词： sustained orange dynamic

Gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy:perspectives on the possibility of optimizing SMN1 delivery to correct all neurological and systemic perturbations

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2011-2012页

作者： Sharon j.brown Rafael j.Yáñez-Muñoz Heidi R.Fuller School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering Keele UniversityKeeleUK Wolfson Center for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease TORCH BuildingRJAH Orthopaedic HospitalOswestryUK *** Center of Gene and Cell TherapyDepartment of Biological SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and the EnvironmentRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK

Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)is a genetic condition that results in selective lower motor neuron loss with concomitant muscle weakness and *** genetic cause of SMA was understood in 1995 when loss or impairment of the survival motor neuron 1(SMN1)gene was identified as the main contributing factor(Lefebvre et al.,1995).This,in combination with the discovery that humans have a“back-up”gene,SMN2,which can produce low levels(approximately 10%)of the full-length functional SMN protein,has led to the generation of SMA-specific gene *** was traditionally classified according to age of symptom onset and developmental milestones achieved,with life expectancy and severity varying between ***,SMN2 copy number is used as a proxy for the prediction of disease severity,with higher SMN2 copy number typically being associated with reduced severity of SMA,although this relationship is not absolute:some individuals with low SMN2 copy number have less severe SMA phenotypes and vice ***,the etiology of SMA is further complicated by other factors,such as non-typical nucleotide variants and SMN2-independent modifiers of disease severity.

关键词： atrophy traditionally absolute

The nature of the companion of PSR j.719-1438: a white dwarf or an exotic obj.ct?

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第7期12卷 813-816页

作者： j. E. Horvath Instituto de Astronomia Geofísica e Ciências Atmosfricas - Universidade de So Paulo

We raise the possibility that the very dense, compact companion of PSR j.719-1438, which has a j.piter-like mass, is an exotic quark obj.ct rather than a light helium or carbon white dwarf. The exotic hypothesis naturally explains some of the observed features, and provides quite strong predictions for this system, to be confirmed or refuted in feasible future studies.

关键词： binary pulsars -- exotic matter-- pulsars: individual (PSR j.719-1438)

Celiac disease:Prevalence,diagnosis,pathogenesis and treatment

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2012年第42期18卷 6036-6059页

作者： Naiyana Guj.al Hugh j.Freeman Alan br Thomson Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2E1Canada Department of Medicine University of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 2B5Canada Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineUniversity of Western OntarioLondonON N6A 5A5Canada

Celiac disease(CD) is one of the most common diseases,resulting from both environmental(gluten) and genetic factors [human leukocyte antigen(HLA) and nonHLA genes].The prevalence of CD has been estimated to approximate 0.5%-1% in different parts of the ***,the population with diabetes,autoimmune disorder or relatives of CD individuals have even higher risk for the development of CD,at least in part,because of shared HLA *** gains access to the basal surface of the epithelium,and interact directly with the immune system,via both trans-and para-cellular *** a diagnostic perspective,symptoms may be viewed as either "typical" or "atypical".In both positive serological screening results suggestive of CD,should lead to small bowel biopsy followed by a favourable clinical and serological response to the gluten-free diet(GFD) to confirm the *** anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody or antiendomysial antibody during the clinical course helps to confirm the diagnosis of CD because of their over 99% specificities when small bowel villous atrophy is present on ***,the only treatment available for CD individuals is a strict life-long GFD.A greater understanding of the pathogenesis of CD allows alternative future CD treatments to hydrolyse toxic gliadin peptide,prevent toxic gliadin peptide absorption,blockage of selective deamidation of specific glutamine residues by tissue,restore immune tolerance towards gluten,modulation of immune response to dietary gliadin,and restoration of intestinal architecture.

关键词： Celiac disease Demography Diagnosis Pathogenesis Treatment

Women in visual neural regeneration research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 489-490页

作者： Tonia S.Rex David j.Calkins Vanderbilt Eye Institute Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA

The year 2024 marks the 60^(th)anniversary of Title IX and 25 years since the New York Times revealed bias against female faculty members at the Massachusetts Institute of *** take an opportunity here to examine the state of gender bias in a relatively new yet already prominent field,neural regeneration in the visual system,for which there is a well-defined context useful for this *** National Eye Institute(NEI)provided the first round of research funding for its Audacious Goals Initiative(AGI)on visual neural regeneration in 2013 and the last round in ***,we focus on this *** sources included PubMed,the National Science Foundation(NSF),the NEI,the Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research and data from the maj.r professional organization for eye and vision research,the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology(ARVO).

关键词： neural visual Times

Generation of brain vascular heterogeneity:recent advances from the perspective of angiogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2013-2014页

作者： Nathanael j.Lee Ryota L.Matsuoka Department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Heterogeneous proper t i es of vascular endothelial cells in the brain:The brain displays large energy dynamics and consumption,and this high level of metabolic demands is fulfilled by a continuous supply of glucose and oxygen through its vascular *** vasculature consists of highly divergent blood vessel branches,giving rise to a dense network of capillaries that supply blood to all cells across the *** elaborated vascular network is thought to develop via angiogenesis,a process in which new blood vessels grow from pre-existing *** capillaries exhibit organotypic features distinct from other tissues and are formed primarily by two maj.r endothelial cell(EC)types:those that form the semi-permeable blood-brain barrier(BBB)and those that develop highly permeable pores known as fenestrae(Matsuoka et al.,2022).The structural and functional differences between BBB and fenestrated vascular ECs represent a fundamental feature of brain vasculature and form the foundation for both brain function and homeostasis.

关键词： angiogenesis homeostasis network

Use of the tumor necrosis factor-blockers for Crohn's disease

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2012年第35期18卷 4823-4854页

作者： Alan br Thomson Milli Gupta Hugh j.Freeman Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineUniversity of Western Ontario Department of Medicine University of Alberta Department of Medicine University of British Columbia

The use of anti-tumor necrosis factor-α therapy for inflammatory bowel disease represents the most important advance in the care of these patients since the publication of the National Co-operative Crohn＇s disease study thirty years ago. The recommendations of numerous consensus groups worldwide are now supported by a wealth of clinical trials and several meta-analyses. In general, it is suggested that tumor necrosis factor-c~ blockers （TNFBs） are indicated （1） for persons with moderately-severe Crohn＇s disease or ulcerative colitis （UC） who have failed two or more causes of glucocorticosteroids and an acceptably long cause （8 wk to 12 wk） of an immune modulator such as azathioprine or methotrexate; （2） non-responsive perianal disease; and （3） severe UC not responding to a 3-d to 5-d course of steroids. Once TNFBs have been introduced and the patient is responsive, therapy given by the IV and SC rate must be continued. It remains open to definitive evidence if concomitant immune modulators are required with TNFB maintenance ther- apy, and when or if TNFB may be weaned and discon- tinued. The supportive evidence from a single study on the role of early versus later introduction of TNFB in the course of a patient＇s illness needs to be confirmed. The risk/benefit profile of TNFB appears to be accept- able as long as the patient is immunized and tested for tuberculosis and viral hepatitis before the initiation of TNFB, and as long as the long-term adverse effects on the development of lymphoma and other tumors do not prone to be problematic. Because the rates of ben- efits to TNFB are modest from a population perspec- tive and the cost of therapy is very high, the ultimate application of use of TNFBs will likely be established by cost/benefit studies.

关键词： Adalimumab Adverse effects Certolizum-ab pegol Crohn's disease Economic evaluation Inflix-imab Secondary lack of response Ulcerative colitis

A New Concept for Regulatory Water Monitoring Via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

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j.urnal of Analysis and Testing 2018年第4期2卷 342-351页

作者： Susanne brüggen Oliver j.Schmitz North Rhine Westphalian State Agency for Nature Environment and Consumer ProtectionLANUVDuesseldorfGermany Applied Analytical Chemistry Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany Teaching and Research Center for Separation University of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany

A combined approach of target,suspected target and non-target screening using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry(LC-HRMS)was used to develop a new concept for water *** the current LC-MS/MS target approach for water monitoring,all targets can be quantified,but no additional information about the sample is *** the new concept,it is possible to detect 97%of the target compounds with a simplified quantification method without losing ***,a suspect target screening can be performed to get broader qualitative information about the water *** addition,the non-target screening offers the possibility to identify unknown *** three evaluation steps depend on the same analytical measurement so that a lot of measurement and quality assurance effort can be *** concept could change water monitoring and assessment,and make it much more efficiently without losing *** is a chance to measure less but learn more about the water bodies.

关键词： New concept for regulatory water monitoring High-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS) Suspected target analysis Non-target analysis

Constraints on what controls millennial-scale basin-wide denudation across mountain belts, Asia

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 74-93页

作者： Ye YANG Steven A.BINNIE Sheng XU Cong-Qiang LIU Tibor j.DUNAI Institute of Surface-Earth System Science School of Earth System Science Tianjin University Institute of Geology and Mineralogy University of Cologne

The terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide dataset consisting of 123310Be measurements of fluvial sediment samples across the Asian mountain belts is used to constrain the influence of climate,tectonics and topography on Earth-surface denudation processes.10Be-derived basin-wide denudation rates were recalculated using a Monte Carlo simulation approach that relied on pixel-by-pixel production *** rates derived span four orders of magnitude,from 7.4±0.7 mm kyr-1（1σ;Central Tibetan Plateau） to 9,646744+777mm kyr-1（1σ;Southern Tibetan Plateau）,with a median of 186 mm *** our results with the traditional basin-wide production rate scaling model using a centroid coordinate and mean elevation,suggests that 96.6%of production rates will be underestimated using the latter method,especially for basins with a large *** bias between both methods reaches as large as 40%,caused by basin hypsometry and the nonlinear scaling of production rate with elevation and *** of the correlations between uniformly recalculated denudation rates and tectonics,climate,topography and rock lithology will facilitate the extrapolation of denudation rates in unknown basins using available *** the perspective of local scales,precipitation coupled with neotectonics-driven landslides is likely the most influential factor in subtropical Taiwan Island,while topography primarily constrains surface denudation rates in the eastern Tibetan Plateau within a narrow range of *** highland regions with glacier coverage,such as the Pamir,central and southern Tibetan Plateau high denudation rates are affected by glaciation,whereas lower precipitation and high erosion base level may limit river incision and evolving relief in the Central Tibetan *** contrast to local-scale findings highlighting a dominant factor constraining denudation rate,our large-scale quantitative analyses across the Asian mountain belts finds that （1） topographic metrics including

关键词： 10Be-derived denudation rate Climate change Tectonic uplift Topographic gradient Asian mountains