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Characterization of mudrocks:a practical application of advanced laboratory testing

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journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2011年第1期12卷 1-14页

作者： richard j.jARDINE Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Imperial College London

An integrated approach to geomaterial characterization is advocated that combines geology, in-situ testing, fabric studies, routine index experiments and advanced laboratory testing. It is shown that advanced laboratory testing can explore features such as kinematic yielding and anisotropy in stiffness or shear strength that would otherwise be impossible to quantify. A detailed study performed in London clay at the new Heathrow Terminal 5 site is used to illustrate the arguments made. It is shown that the London clay has strong anisotropy in stiffness, is highly non-linear over the strain range of engineering interest, has markedly anisotropic shear strength characteristics and exhibits a pronounced degree of brittleness. These features can impact significantly on the practical design and analysis of civil engineering works including shallow and deep foundations, tunnels and excavations, and the stability of slopes.

关键词： Mudrock Fabric Anisotropy Hollow cylinder tests

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Combining scanning tunneling microscope (STM) imaging and local manipulation to probe the high dose oxidation structure of the Si(111)-7×7 surface

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Nano Research 2020年第1期13卷 145-150页

作者： Dogan Kaya richard j.Cobley richard E.Palmer Department of Electronics and Automation Vocational School of AdanaCukurova University01160CukurovaAdanaTurkey Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB152TTUK College of Engineering Swansea UniversityBay CampusFabian WaySwanseaSA18ENUK

Understanding the atomistic formation of oxide layers on semiconductors is important for thin film fabrication,scaling down conventional devices and for the integration of emerging research ***,the initial oxidation of Si(111)is studied using the scanning tunneling *** to the complete saturation of the silicon surface with oxygen,we are able to probe the atomic nature of the oxide layer *** establish the threshold for local manipulation of inserted oxygen sites to be+3.8 *** by combining imaging with local atomic manipulation are we able to determine whether inserted oxygen exists beneath surface-bonded oxygen sites and differentiate between sites that have one and more than one oxygen atom inserted beneath the *** to the creation of the thin oxide film we observe a flip in the manipulation rates of inserted oxygen sites consistent with more oxygen inserting beneath the silicon surface.

关键词： scanning tunneling microscopy(STM) local manipulation Si(111) oxidation

A mixing–isolation–mixing model of speciation can potentially explain hotspots of species diversity

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National Science Review 2019年第2期6卷 290-291页

作者： richard j.Abbott School of Biology University of St Andrews NSR

From comparative genomic analyses between species and population genetic analyses within species, He et al.[1] provide convincing evidence that mangrove divergence across the Malacca Straight, separating the Indian an... 详细信息

关键词： isolation A mixing mixing model of speciation can potentially explain hotspots of species diversity

e-Manufacturing:Characteristics,applications and potentials

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第11期18卷 1323-1328页

作者： richard j.Bateman Advanced Manufacturing & Enterprise Engineering(AMEE) School of Engineering and DesignBrunel UniversityUxbridgeMiddlesex UB8 3PHUK

In this paper,an engineering oriented approach is proposed towards e-manufacturing and its *** characteristics and potential of e-manufacturing are presented with a number of application examples developed by the authors’ research *** advances in e-manufacturing and applications are also highlighted and critically *** paper concludes with a further discussion on the promises and impact of e-manufacturing technology and philosophy on modern manufacturing industry and the practices.

关键词： e-manufacturing e-design Global manufacturing Agile manufacturing Digital manufacturing

Formation of CoAl layered double hydroxide on the boehmite surface and its role in tungstate sorption

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第3期30卷 103-115页

作者： Hyuck Hur richard j.Reeder Department of Chemistry Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794 USA Department of Geosciences Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794 USA

Sorption of tungstate on boehmite（γ-Al OOH）is increased by co-sorption with Co^（2＋）over the near-neutral p H *** uptake experiments show up to a 3-fold increase in tungstate uptake over the range WO4^（2-）=50–1000μmol/L compared to boehmite not treated with Co^（2＋）.Desorption experiments reveal a corresponding decrease in sorption reversibility for tungstate co-sorbed with Co^（2＋）.Reaction of boehmite with Co^（2＋）results in the formation of Co Al layered double hydroxide（LDH）,as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption *** L3-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure（XANES）reveals that W（VI）is octahedrally coordinated in all sorption samples,with polymeric tungstate species forming at higher tungstate concentrations.X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicate that the mechanism for enhancement of tungstate uptake is the formation of surface complexes on boehmite at low tungstate concentrations,while exchange into the Co Al LDH becomes important at higher tungstate *** results provide a basis for developing strategies to enhance tungstate sorption and to limit its environmental mobility at near-neutral pH conditions.

关键词： Tungsten Tungstate Cobalt Boehmite (AIOOH) Layered double hydroxide Adsorption

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Emerging therapeutic options for the management of hepatitis C infection

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第23期20卷 7079-7088页

作者： j richard Thompson Department of Pharmacy Practice One University Park DriveLipscomb University College of PharmacyNashvilleTN 37204United States

Until recently the traditional treatment for hepatitis C infection included pegylated interferon and ribavirin combination *** sustained virological response(SVR)seen with this combination is poor and requires lengthy treatment to ***,significant side effects and numerous contraindications prevented many patients from being successfully treated with this *** 2011,two new protease inhibitors,telaprevir and boceprevir,were approved for use with pegylated interferon and ribavirin in the United States by the United States Food and Drug *** agents have significantly improved SVR rates;however significant problems with toxicity remain including severe skin rash and *** are a wide range of compounds in late stage development for the future treatment of hepatitis C that exploit many different mechanisms of viral *** of these compounds include additional protease inhibitors,like telaprevir and boceprevir,as well as inhibitors of other nonstructural proteins in the viral genome such as NS5A and NS5B,and compounds that target host proteins within the *** of these agents are being developed for oral administration once daily and various combinations are being assessed for use without the need for pegylated interferon and *** paper reviews agents in late phase development that may be commercially available within 1-2 years.

关键词： Hepatitis C Pharmacotherapy Interferon Ribavirin Protease inhibitors Polymerase inhibitors Cyclophilin inhibitors

Does disruptive camouflage conceal edges and features？

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Current Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 708-717页

作者： richard j. WEBSTER Department of Biology Carleton University Ottawa K1S 5B6 Canada

Camouflage is ubiquitous in the natural world and benefits both predators and prey. Amongst the range of conceal- ment strategies, disruptive coloration is thought to visually fragment an animal＇s＇ outline, thereby reducing its rate of discovery. Here, I propose two non-mutually exclusive hypotheses for how disruptive camouflage functions, and describe the visual me- chanisms that might underlie them. （1） The local edge disruption hypothesis states that camouflage is achieved by breaking up edge information. （2） The global feature disruption hypothesis states camouflage is achieved by breaking up the characteristic features of an animal （e.g., overall shape or facial features）. Research clearly shows that putatively disruptive edge markings do increase concealment; however, few tests have been undertaken to determine whether this survival advantage is attributable to the distortion of features, so the global feature disruption hypothesis is under studied. In this review the evidence for global feature disruption is evaluated. Further, I address if object recognition processing provides a feasible mechanism for animals＇ features to influence concealment. This review concludes that additional studies are needed to test if disruptive camouflage operates through the global feature disruption and proposes future research directions [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 708-717, 2015].

关键词： Antipredator Background matching Contour Crypsis Camouflage Disruptive coloration Edge detection Objectrecognition

Diapause development in early and late emerging phenotypes of Delia floralis

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Insect Science 2014年第1期21卷 103-113页

作者： Tor j. johansen richard Meadow Arctic Agriculture and Land Use Division Bioforsk - Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research Tromsm plant Health and Plant Protection Division Bioforsk - Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research As Norway

The turnip fly, Delia floralis Fall6n （Diptera： Anthomyiidae） is an important insect pest of brassica vegetable crops in the holarctic region. Different populations have strongly varying temperature requirements for fly emergence, a challenge for accurate prediction of activity. This study focused on diapause development in one early and one late emerging phenotype. The physiological state after various treatments was deduced from emergence data. Our results showed a slow diapause progression at chilling conditions for both populations and diapause ended about 7 months after pupae were formed for the early population. For the late population held at 4℃ diapause did not end, no matter how long the duration of chilling. These pupae required a period with elevated temperatures above 6~C to continue development. At constant non-chilling conditions （18℃） from the time pupae were formed both populations completed diapause most rapidly. These results indicate that chilling delayed, rather than accelerated development and was not a prerequisite for diapause development. For post-diapause, results indicated a linear relationship between rate of development and temperature within the range of 6-18℃and a theoretical base temperature for development of about 2℃ for both populations. In conclusion, D. floralis pupae are in diapause throughout a long winter period, and delayed emergence of the late population appears to be caused by prolonged diapause regulated by a developmental temperature threshold. The study has added information on the biology of turnip fly populations, a prerequisite for improved pest control.

关键词： brassica chilling emergence hibernation quiescence

Electricity principles and applications richard j. Fowler. 6th ed.

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