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A Review of Recent Trends in Quantum Thermodynamics and a System’s Behavioural Analysis of the Universe Originating as a Quantum Energy System

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journal of Modern Physics 2023年第1期14卷 60-71页

作者： Stephen j. palmer Stantec Ltd. Stantec House Kilburn Court Birchwood Warrington UK

This paper combines a review of recent advances in quantum thermodynamics, including work on objective collapse (Zurek’s quantum Darwinism) and quantum gravity (Verlinde’s quantum gravity explanation), with a redefinition of entropy generation as systems’ change process. These concepts are used as systems’ behaviour analysis tools to allow us to revisit Hartle and Hawking’s 1983 quantum universe and develop a hypothesis for how physically a universe starting in a quantum state could evolve into our current universe, based on systems analysis. The outcome of this analysis raises a question: do we already have the elements of a “theory of everything” hiding in plain sight within recent advances in quantum thermodynamics?

关键词： Exergy Entropy Quantum Thermodynamics Systems Behavioural Analysis Quantum Universe

Control systems and data management for high-power laser facilities

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2023年第5期11卷 51-75页

作者： Scott Feister Kevin Cassou Stephen Dann Andreas Döpp Philippe Gauron Anthony j.Gonsalves Archis joglekar Victoria Marshall Olivier Neveu Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt Matthew j.V.Streeter Charlotte A.j.palmer California State University Channel Islands CamarilloCaliforniaUSA UniversitéParis-Saclay CNRS/IN2P3IJCLabOrsayFrance Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUK Ludwig–Maximilians–Universität München GarchingGermany BELLA Center Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences University of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA Ergodic LLC San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf DresdenGermany Queen’s University Belfast BelfastUK

The next generation of high-power lasers enables repetition of experiments at orders of magnitude higher frequency than what was possible using the prior *** requiring human intervention between laser repetitions need to adapt in order to keep pace with the new laser technology.A distributed networked control system can enable laboratory-wide automation and feedback control *** higher-repetition-rate experiments will create enormous quantities of data.A consistent approach to managing data can increase data accessibility,reduce repetitive data-software development and mitigate poorly organized *** opportunity arises to share knowledge of improvements to control and data infrastructure currently being *** compare platforms and approaches to state-of-the-art control systems and data management at high-power laser facilities,and we illustrate these topics with case studies from our community.

关键词： big data community organization control systems data management feedback loops high-power lasers high repetition rate metadata stabilization standards

Combining scanning tunneling microscope (STM) imaging and local manipulation to probe the high dose oxidation structure of the Si(111)-7×7 surface

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Nano Research 2020年第1期13卷 145-150页

作者： Dogan Kaya Richard j.Cobley Richard E.palmer Department of Electronics and Automation Vocational School of AdanaCukurova University01160CukurovaAdanaTurkey Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB152TTUK College of Engineering Swansea UniversityBay CampusFabian WaySwanseaSA18ENUK

Understanding the atomistic formation of oxide layers on semiconductors is important for thin film fabrication,scaling down conventional devices and for the integration of emerging research ***,the initial oxidation of Si(111)is studied using the scanning tunneling *** to the complete saturation of the silicon surface with oxygen,we are able to probe the atomic nature of the oxide layer *** establish the threshold for local manipulation of inserted oxygen sites to be+3.8 *** by combining imaging with local atomic manipulation are we able to determine whether inserted oxygen exists beneath surface-bonded oxygen sites and differentiate between sites that have one and more than one oxygen atom inserted beneath the *** to the creation of the thin oxide film we observe a flip in the manipulation rates of inserted oxygen sites consistent with more oxygen inserting beneath the silicon surface.

关键词： scanning tunneling microscopy(STM) local manipulation Si(111) oxidation

Most patients with non-hypertensive diseases at a critical care resuscitation unit require arterial pressure monitoring: a prospective observational study

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World journal of Emergency Medicine 2023年第3期14卷 173-178页

作者： Emily Engelbrecht-Wiggans jamie palmer Grace Hollis Fernando Albelo Afrah Ali Emily Hart Dominique Gelmann Iana Sahadzic james Gerding Quincy K.Tran Daniel j.Haase University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore 21201USA The Research Associate Program in Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore 21201USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore 21201USA Program in Trauma the R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma CenterUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore 21201USA

BACKGROUND:Blood pressure(BP)monitoring is essential for patient *** arterial BP(IABP)is more accurate than non-invasive BP(NIBP),although the clinical signifi cance of this diff erence is *** hypothesized that IABP would result in a change of management(COM)among patients with non-hypertensive diseases in the acute phase of ***:This prospective study included adults admitted to the Critical Care Resuscitation Unit(CCRU)with non-hypertensive disease from February 1,2019,to May 31,*** plans to maintain a mean arterial pressure>65 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)were recorded in real time for both NIBP and IABP measurements.A COM was defined as a discrepancy between IABP and NIBP that resulted in an increase/decrease or addition/discontinuation of a medication/*** and regression tree analysis identified significant variables associated with a COM and assigned relative variable importance(RVI)***:Among the 206 patients analyzed,a COM occurred in 94(45.6%[94/206])*** most common COM was an increase in current infusion dosages(40 patients,19.4%).Patients receiving norepinephrine at arterial cannulation were more likely to have a COM compared with those without(45[47.9%]vs.32[28.6%],P=0.004).Receiving norepinephrine(relative variable importance[RVI]100%)was the most signifi cant factor associated with a *** complications were identifi ed with IABP ***:A COM occurred in 94(45.6%)non-hypertensive patients in the *** vasopressors was the greatest factor associated with *** should consider IABP monitoring more often in non-hypertensive patients requiring norepinephrine in the acute resuscitation *** studies are necessary to confi rm the risk-to-benefi t ratios of IABP among these high-risk patients.

关键词： Non-hypertensive diseases Invasive arterial blood pressure Non-invasive blood pressure

Integrating innovations:a qualitative analysis of referral non-completion among rapid diagnostic test-positive patients in Uganda’s human African trypanosomiasis elimination programme

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 844-859页

作者： Shona j.Lee jennifer j.palmer Centre of African Studies University of EdinburghGeorge SquareEdinburgh EH89LDUK Health in Humanitarian Crises Centre London School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineKeppel StreetLondon WC1E 7HTUK.

Background:The recent development of rapid diagnostic tests(RDTs)for human African trypanosomiasis(HAT)enables elimination programmes to decentralise serological screening services to frontline health ***,patients must still undertake multiple onwards referral steps to either be confirmed or discounted as *** surveillance thus relies not only on the performance of diagnostic technologies but also on referral support structures and patient *** study explored why some RDT-positive suspects failed to complete the diagnostic referral process in West Nile,***:Between August 2013 and june 2015,85%(295/346)people who screened RDT-positive were examined by microscopy at least once;10 cases were *** interviewed 20 RDT-positive suspects who had not completed referral(16 who had not presented for their first microscopy examination,and 4 who had not returned for a second to dismiss them as cases after receiving discordant[RDT-positive,but microscopy-negative results]).Interviews were analysed thematically to examine experiences of each step of the referral ***:Poor provider communication about HAT RDT results helped explain non-completion of referrals in our *** patients were unaware they were tested for HAT until receiving results,and some did not know they had screened *** HAT testing and treatment is free,anticipated costs for transportation and ancillary health services fees deterred *** expected a positive RDT result would lead to HAT *** results that failed to provide a definitive diagnosis without further testing led some to question the expertise of health *** the four individuals who missed their second examination,complying with repeat referral requests was less attractive when no alternative diagnostic advice or treatment was ***:An RDT-based surveillance strategy that relies on referral through all levels of the health system is inevitably sub

关键词： Human African trypanosomiasis Sleeping sickness Uganda Passive screening Diagnostics Case detection Referral completion Rapid diagnostic tests Elimination

Metastable noble gas atoms in strong-field ionization experiments

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2016年第3期4卷 74-100页

作者： j.E.Calvert A.j.palmer I.V.Litvinyuk R.T.Sang Australian Attosecond Science Facility Center for Quantum Dynamics School of Natural Sciences Griffith University

The interactions of strong-field few-cycle laser pulses with metastable states of noble gas atoms are examined. Metastable noble gas atoms offer a combination of low ionization potential and a relatively simple atomic structure, making them excellent targets for examining ionization dynamics in varying experimental conditions. A review of the current work performed on metastable noble gas atoms is presented.

关键词： COLTRIMS electron holography high power lasers ionization regime metastable atoms spin polarized targets

Calibration after bootstrap for accurate uncertainty quantification in regression models

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1092-1100页

作者： Glenn palmer Siqi Du Alexander Politowicz joshua Paul Emory Xiyu Yang Anupraas Gautam Grishma Gupta Zhelong Li Ryan jacobs Dane Morgan Department of Computer Sciences University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA

Obtaining accurate estimates of machine learning model uncertainties on newly predicted data is essential for understanding the accuracy of the model and whether its predictions can be trusted.A common approach to such uncertainty quantification is to estimate the variance from an ensemble of models,which are often generated by the generally applicable bootstrap *** this work,we demonstrate that the direct bootstrap ensemble standard deviation is not an accurate estimate of uncertainty but that it can be simply calibrated to dramatically improve its *** demonstrate the effectiveness of this calibration method for both synthetic data and numerous physical datasets from the field of Materials Science and *** approach is motivated by applications in physical and biological science but is quite general and should be applicable for uncertainty quantification in a wide range of machine learning regression models.

关键词： ensemble applicable uncertainty

Tomato Ovary-to-Fruit Transition is Characterized by a Spatial Shift of mRNAs for Cell Wall Invertase and its Inhibitor with the Encoded Proteins Localized to Sieve Elements

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Molecular Plant 2015年第2期8卷 315-328页

作者： William M. palmer School of Environmental and Life Sciences The University of Newcastle NSW 2308 Callaghan Australia Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement The University of Newcastle NSW 2308 Callaghan Australia Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 300 Fenglin Road Shanghai 200032 China These authors contributed equally to the article. Present address: College of Life Sciences. Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 China

Central to understanding fruit development is to elucidate the processes mediating a successful transition from pre-pollination ovaries to newly set fruit, a key step in establishing fruit yield potential. In tomato, cell wall invertase （CWIN） LIN5 and its inhibitor INH1 are essential for fruit growth. However, the molecular and cellular basis by which they exert their roles in ovary-to-fruit transition remains unknown. To address this issue, we conducted a study focusing on ovaries and fruitlets at 2 days before and 2 days after anthesis, respectively. In situ hybridization analyses revealed that LIN5 and INH1 exhibited a dispersed expression in ovaries compared with their phloem-specific expression in fruitlets. Remarkably, LIN5 and INH1 proteins were immunologically co-localized to cell walls of sieve elements （SEs） in ovaries immediately prior to anthesis and in young fruitlets, but were undetectable in provascular bundles of younger ovaries. A burst in CWlN activity occurred during ovary-to-fruit transition. Interestingly, the ovaries, but not the fruit- lets, exhibited high expression of a defective invertase, SldeCWIN1, an ortholog of which is known to enhance inhibition of INH on CWlN activity in tobacco. Imaging of a fluorescent symplasmic tracer indicated an apoplasmic phloem unloading pathway operated in ovaries, contrary to the previously observed symplasmic unloading pathway in fruit pericarp. These new data indicate that （1） a phloem-specific patterning of the CWIN and INH mRNAs is induced during ovary-to-fruit transition, and （2） LIN5 protein functions specifically in walls of SEs and increases its activity during ovary-to-fruit transition, probably to facilitate phloem unloading and to generate a glucose signal positively regulating cell division, hence fruit set.

关键词： fruit set invertase invertase inhibitor phloem unloading sugar signaling

Primary feather vane asymmetry should not be used to predict the flight capabilities of feathered fossils

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Science Bulletin 2017年第18期62卷 1227-1228页

作者： Xia Wang Robert L.Nudds Colin palmer Gareth j.Dyke School of Biological Science and Technology University of Jinan Faculty of Life Sciences University of Manchester Department of Earth Sciences University of Bristol Evolutionary Zoology University of Debrecen

Reconstructing flight abilities of fossil birds from preserved wings and feathers is an important goal if we are to understand the evolution of ***-shape is known to correlate well with bird flight style[1],but functional wing-shape is almost impossible to reconstruct from fossils with a high degree of *** contrast,however,individual primary feathers are often

关键词：飞行能力不对称性羽毛化石预测应用高度确定诊断工具