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Characterization of tungiasis infection and morbidity using thermography in Kenya revealed higher disease burden during COVID-19 school closures

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第2期12卷 120-121页

作者： Lynne Elson Abneel K.Matharu Naomi Riithi Paul Ouma Francis Mutebi Hermann Feldmeier jürgen krücken Ulrike Fillinger KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme Kilifi Kenya Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology Human Health Theme Nairobi Kenya College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity Makerere University Kampala Uganda Institute of Microbiology Infectious Diseases and Immunology Charité University Medicine Berlin Germany Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany

Background Tungiasis is a neglected tropical skin disease caused by the sand flea Tunga *** fleas penetrate the skin,particularly at the feet,and cause severe *** study aimed to characterize disease burden in two highly affected regions in Kenya,to test the use of thermography to detect tungiasis-associated inflammation and to create a new two-level classification of disease severity suitable for mapping,targeting,and monitoring *** From February 2020 to April 2021,3532 pupils age 8–14 years were quasi-randomly selected in 35 public primary schools and examined for tungiasis and associated *** the infected pupils,266 were quasi-randomly selected and their households visited,where an additional 1138 family members were *** was assessed using infra-red thermography.A Clinical score was created combining the number of locations on the feet with acute and chronic symptoms and infra-red *** The overall prevalence of tungiasis among all the school pupils who were randomly selected during survey rounds 1 and 3 was 9.3%[95%confidence interval(CI):8.4–10.3].Based on mixed effects logistic models,the odds of infection with tungiasis among school pupils was three times higher in Kwale(coastal Kenya)than in Siaya[western Kenya;adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=0.36,95%CI:0.18–0.74];three times higher in males than in females(aOR=3.0,95%CI:2.32–3.91)and three times lower among pupils sleeping in a house with a concrete floor(aOR=0.32,95%CI:0.24–0.44).The odds of finding an infected person among the household population during surveys before the COVID-19 pandemic was a third(aOR=0.32,95%CI:0.19–0.53)of that when schools were closed due to COVID-19 restrictions and approximately half(aOR=0.44,95%CI:0.29–0.68)in surveys done after school re-opening(round 3).Infection intensity was positively correlated with inflammation as measured by thermography(Spearman’s rho=0.68,P<0.001)and with the clinical score(rho=0

关键词： Tungiasis Neglected tropical diseases Thermography Morbidity Child COVID-19 Kenya

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Neurocognitive and mental health outcomes in children with tungiasis:a cross-sectional study in rural Kenya and Uganda

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第6期12卷 98-98页

作者： Berrick Otieno Lynne Elson Abneel K.Matharu Naomi Riithi Esther Chongwo Khamis Katana Carophine Nasambu Francis Mutebi Herman Feldmeier jürgen krücken Ulrike Fillinger Amina Abubakar Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Programme Hospital Road Kilifi Kenya Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIE) Human Health Theme Nairobi Kenya Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany Institute for Human Development Aga Khan University Nairobi Kenya School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity Makerere University Kampala Uganda Charité University Medicine Berlin Germany

Background Tungiasis,a neglected tropical parasitosis,disproportionately afects *** empirical studies have reported neurocognitive and mental health outcomes of children with ectoparasitic skin diseases like *** of tungiasis suggests it could detrimentally afect cognition and *** study pioneered the investigation of neurocognitive and mental health outcomes in children with *** This was a multi-site cross-sectional study including 454 quasi-randomly sampled school-children aged 8-14 from 48 randomly selected schools in two counties in Kenya and a district in *** participants were stratifed into infected and uninfected based on the presence of *** infected were further classifed into mild and severe infection groups based on the intensity of the ***,validated,and standardized measures of cognition and mental health such as Raven Matrices and Child Behaviour Checklist were used to collect *** tests including a multilevel,generalized mixed-efects linear models with family link set to identity were used to compare the scores of uninfected and infected children and to identify other potential risk factors for neurocognitive and behavioural *** When adjusted for covariates,mild infection was associated with lower scores in literacy[adjustedβ(aβ)=−8.9;95%confdence interval(CI)−17.2,−0.6],language(aβ=−1.7;95%CI−3.2,−0.3),cognitive fexibility(aβ=−6.1;95%CI−10.4,−1.7)and working memory(aβ=−0.3;95%CI−0.6,−0.1).Severe infection was associated with lower scores in literacy(aβ=−11.0;95%CI−19.3,−2.8),response inhibition,(aβ=−2.2;95%CI−4.2,−0.2),fne motor control(aβ=−0.7;95%CI−1.1,−0.4)and numeracy(aβ=−3;95%CI−5.5,−0.4).Conclusions This study provides frst evidence that tungiasis is associated with poor neurocognitive functioning in *** tungiasis is a chronic disease with frequent reinfections,such negative efects may potentially impair their development and l

关键词： Tungiasis Tunga penetrans Neglected tropical disease Neurocognition Mental health School-aged children Africa

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Harnessing naturally occurring mutations for T-cell therapy:a potential new avenue to enhance treatment efficacy

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1799-1801页

作者： Michael Hiltensperger jürgen Ruland Kilian Schober Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie Immunologie und HygieneFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany TranslaTUM Center for Translational Cancer ResearchTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany German Cancer Consortium(DKTK) HeidelbergGermany German Center for Infection Research(DZIF) partner site MunichMunichGermany FAU Profile Center Immunomedicine Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany

In a recent study published in Nature,Garcia et *** a sophisticated approach to identify fitness-enhancing mutations for T cells that was inspired by cancer evolution.1 The identified CARD11-PIK3R3 gene fusion enhanced tumor rejection and persistence of engineered T cells in multiple tumor models and might have the potential to improve efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapies in cancer patients.

关键词： cancer potential

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Linkage Between European and East Asian Heatwaves on Synoptic Scales

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journal of Tropical Meteorology 2024年第2期30卷 97-105页

作者：蔡奋颖刘彩红杨崧邓开强 KURTHS jürgen School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen Universityand Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)ZhuhaiGuangdong 519082 China Department of Complexity Science Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research(PIK)Member of the Leibniz AssociationPotsdam 14473 Germany Department of Water and Climate Risk Institute for Environmental StudiesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam 1087HV Netherlands Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdong 519082 China Department of Physics Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlin 12489 Germany

Concurrent extreme weather events in geographically distant areas potentially cause high-end risks for *** using network analysis,the present study managed to identify significant nearly-simultaneous occurrences of heatwaves between the grid cells in East Asia and Eastern Europe,even though they are geographically far away from each *** further composite analysis,this study revealed that hot events first occurred in Eastern Europe,typically with a time lag of3-4 days before the East Asian heatwave *** eastward propagating atmospheric wave train,known as the circumglobal teleconnection(CGT)pattern,bridged the sequent occurrences of extreme events in these two remote *** blockings,amplified by surface warming over Eastern Europe,not only enhanced local heat extremes but also excited a CGT-like pattern characterized by alternative anomalies of high and low *** downstream anticyclones in the middle and upper troposphere reduced local cloud cover and increased downward solar radiation,thereby facilitating the formation of heatwaves over East *** half of East Asian heatwave events were preceded by Eastern European heatwave events in the 10-day time range before East Asian heatwave *** investigation of heatwave teleconnection in the two distant regions exhibits strong potential to improve the prediction accuracy of East Asian heatwaves.

关键词： concurrent heatwaves Eastern Europe East Asia circum-global teleconnection pattern

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A systematic review of spatial disaggregation methods for climate action planning

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Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 458-469页

作者： Shruthi Patil Noah Pflugradt jann M.Weinand Detlef Stolten jürgen kropp Institute of Energy and Climate Research Techno-economic Systems Analysis(IEK-3)Forschungszentrum JülichWilhelm-Johnen-StraßeJülich52425NRWGermany University of Potsdam Institute for Environmental Science and GeographyKarl-Liebknecht-Str.24-25Potsdam-Golm14476BrandenburgGermany Chair for Fuel Cells RWTH Aachen Universityc/o IEK-3Forschungszentrum JülichJülich52425NRWGermany Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research(PIK) Member of the Leibniz AssociationP.O.Box 601203PotsdamD-14412BrandenburgGermany

National-level climate action plans are often formulated broadly. Spatially disaggregating these plans to individual municipalities can offer substantial benefits, such as enabling regional climate action strategies and for assessing the feasibility of national objectives. Numerous spatial disaggregation approaches can be found in the literature. This study reviews and categorizes these. The review is followed by a discussion of the relevant methods for the disaggregation of climate action plans. It is seen that methods employing proxy data, machine learning models, and geostatistical ones are the most relevant methods for the spatial disaggregation of national energy and climate plans. The analysis offers guidance for selecting appropriate methods based on factors such as data availability at the municipal level and the presence of spatial autocorrelation in the *** the urgency of addressing climate change escalates, understanding the spatial aspects of national energy and climate strategies becomes increasingly important. This review will serve as a valuable guide for researchers and practitioners applying spatial disaggregation in this crucial field.

关键词： Spatial downscaling Proxy data Mass-preserving Climate action plans Spatial autocorrelation Machine learning Geostatistical models

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Dirac-harmonic maps with the trivial index

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Science China Mathematics 2024年

作者： jürgen jost Linlin Sun jingyong Zhu Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences School of Mathematics and Statistics Guangxi Normal University School of Mathematics Sichuan University

For a homotopy class [u] of maps between a closed Riemannian manifold M and a general manifold N, we want to find a Dirac-harmonic map with the map component in the given homotopy class. Most known results require the index to be nontrivial. When the index is trivial, the few known results are all constructive and produce uncoupled solutions. In this paper, we define a new quantity. As a byproduct of proving the homotopy invariance of this new quantity, we find a new simple proof for the fact that all the Dirac-harmonic spheres in surfaces are uncoupled. More importantly, by using the homotopy invariance of this new quantity,we prove the existence of Dirac-harmonic maps from manifolds in the trivial index case. In particular, when the domain is a closed Riemann surface, we prove the short-time existence of the α-Dirac-harmonic map flow in the trivial index case. Together with the density of the minimal kernel, we get an existence result for Dirac-harmonic maps from closed Riemann surfaces to K¨ahler manifolds, which extends the previous result of the first and third authors. This establishes a general existence theory for Dirac-harmonic maps in the context of the trivial index.

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Single-shot 3D incoherent imaging with diffuser endoscopy

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2024年第2期5卷 64-74页

作者： julian Lich Tom Glosemeyer jürgen Czarske Robert Kuschmierz Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique TU DresdenGermany Competence Center for Biomedical Computational Laser Systems(BIOLAS) TU DresdenGermany Else kroner Fresenius Center for Digital Health(EKFZ) TU DresdenGermany Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life TU DresdenGermany

Minimally invasive endoscopy offers a high potential for biomedical imaging ***,conventional fiberoptic endoscopes require lens systems which are not suitable for real-time 3D ***,a diffuser is utilized for passively encoding incoherent 3D objects into 2D speckle *** networks are employed for fast computational image reconstruction beyond the optical memory *** this paper,we demonstrate single-shot 3D incoherent fiber imaging with keyhole access at video *** the diffuser fiber endoscope for fluorescence imaging is promising for in vivo deep brain diagnostics with cellular resolution.

关键词： Endoscopy Diffuser Deep learning Coherent fiber bundle Multicore fiber Neural networks Fiber optics Speckle patterns Fluorescence imaging

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COmbination of Targeted temperature management and Thrombectomy after acute Ischemic Stroke(COTTIS):a pilot study

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第3期9卷 258-267页

作者： jürgen Bardutzky Rainer Kollmar Forat Al-Rawi johann Lambeck Mohammad Fazel Christian Taschner Wolf-Dirk Niesen Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology Medical Center-University of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany Neurology and Neurointensive Care Darmstadt HospitalDarmstadtGermany BrainCool AB LundSweden Department of Neuroradiology Medical Center-University of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany

Background To evaluate the feasibility and safety of a fast initiation of cooling to a target temperature of 35℃by means of transnasal cooling in patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion(LVO)undergoing endovascular thrombectomy(EVT).Methods Patients with an LVO onset of<24hour who had an indication for EVT were included in the *** cooling(RhinoChill)was initiated immediately after the patient was intubated for EVT and continued until an oesophageal target temperature of 35℃was *** was maintained with surface cooling for 6-hour postrecanalisation,followed by active rewarming(+0.2℃/hour).The primary outcome was defined as the time required to reach 35℃,while secondary outcomes comprised clinical,radiological and safety *** Twenty-two patients(median age,77 years)were included in the study(14 received additional thrombolysis,4 additional stenting of the proximal internal carotid artery).The median time intervals were 309min for last-seen-normal-to-groin,58min for door-to-cooling-initiation,65min for door-to-groin and 123min for *** target temperature of 35℃was reached within 30min(range 13–78min),corresponding to a cooling rate of 2.6℃/*** recanalisation,86%of the patients had a body temperature of≤35℃.The median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at admission was 15 and improved to 2 by day 7,and 68%of patients had a good outcome(modified Rankin Scale 0–2)at 3 *** complications included asymptomatic bradycardia(32%),pneumonia(18%)and asymptomatic haemorrhagic transformation(18%).Conclusion The combined application of hypothermia and thrombectomy was found to be feasible in sedated and ventilated *** events were comparable to those previously described for EVT in the absence of *** effect of this procedure will next be evaluated in the randomised COmbination of Targeted temperature management and Thrombectomy after acute Ischemic Stro

关键词： maintained continued initiated

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Recent advancements in thermal conductivity of magnesium alloys

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journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1687-1708页

作者： Hao Lv jun Tan Qian Yuan Fanglei Wang Yunxuan Zhou Quan Dong Aitao Tang jürgen Eckert Bin jiang Fusheng Pan National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys College of Materials Science and EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China National Key Laboratory of Advanced Casting Technologies Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Department of Materials Science Chair of Materials PhysicsMontanuniversität LeobenJahnstraße 12Leoben A-8700Austria Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science Austrian Academy of SciencesJahnstraße 12Leoben A-8700Austria

As highly integrated circuits continue to advance,accompanied by a growing demand for energy efficiency and weight reduction,materials are confronted with mounting challenges pertaining to thermal conductivity and lightweight *** virtue of numerous intrinsic mechanisms,as a result,the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the Mg alloys are often inversely related,which becomes a bottleneck limiting the application of Mg *** on several effective modification methods to improve the thermal conductivity of Mg alloys,this paper describes the law of how they affect the mechanical properties,and clearly indicates that peak aging treatment is one of the best ways to simultaneously enhance an alloy's thermal conductivity and mechanical *** the most frequently used Mg alloy,cast alloys exhibit substantial potential for achieving high thermal ***,recent reports indicate that hot deformation can significantly improve the mechanical properties while maintaining,and potentially slightly enhancing,the alloy's thermal *** presents a meaningful way to develop Mg alloys for applications in the field of small-volume heat dissipation components that require high *** comprehensive review begins by outlining standard testing and prediction methods,followed by the theoretical models used to predict thermal conductivity,and then explores the primary influencing factors affecting thermal *** review summarizes the current development status of Mg alloys,focusing on the quest for alloys that offer both high thermal conductivity and high *** concludes by providing insights into forthcoming prospects and challenges within this field.

关键词： Mg alloy Thermal conductivity Mechanical properties Solute atom Second phase

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Interrelationships between Length of the Day, Moon Distance, Phanerozoic Geodynamic Cycles, Tidal Dissipation and Earth’s Core: Review and Analysis

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International journal of Geosciences 2024年第5期15卷 396-415页

作者： Heinz-jürgen Brink Independent Researcher Hannover Germany

The rotation of the Earth and the related length of the day (LOD) are predominantly affected by tidal dissipation through the Moon and the growth of the Earth’s core. Due to the increased concentration of mass around the rotation axis of the spinning Earth during the growth of the core the rotation should have been accelerated. Controversially the tidal dissipation by the Moon, which is mainly dependent on the availability of open shallow seas and the kind of Moon escape from a nearby position, acts towards a deceleration of the rotating Earth. Measurements of LOD for Phanerozoic and Precambrian times open ways to solve questions concerning the geodynamical history of the Earth. These measurements encompass investigations of growth patterns in fossils and depositional patterns in sediments (Cyclostratigraphy, Tidalites, Stromatolites, Rhythmites). These patterns contain information on the LOD and on the changing distance between Earth and Moon and can be used as well for a discussion about the growth of the Earth’s core. By updating an older paper with its simple approach as well as incorporating newly published results provided by the geoscientific community, a moderate to fast growth of the core in a hot early Earth will be favored controversially to the assumption of a delayed development of the core in an originally cold Earth. Core development with acceleration of Earth’s rotation and the contemporaneous slowing down due to tidal dissipation during the filling of the ocean may significantly interrelate.

关键词： Length of the Day Moon Distance Phanerozoic Geodynamic Cycles Tidal Dissipation Earth’s Core

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