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Adaptive-optical 3D microscopy for microfluidic multiphase flows

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2024年第3期5卷 105-119页

作者： Clemens Bilsing Erik Nützenadel Sebastian Burgmann jürgen czarske Lars Büttner Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Techniques TUD Dresden University of Technology01069 DresdenGermany Chair of Fluid Mechanics Bergische Universitát Wuppertal42119 WuppertalGermany BIOLAS Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Techniques01069 DresdenGermany

Measurements based on optical microscopy can be severely impaired if the access exhibits variations of the refractive *** the case of fluctuating liquid-gas boundaries,refraction introduces dynamical aberrations that increase the measurement *** is prevalent at multiphase flows(***,film flows)that occur in many technical applications as for example in coating and cleaning processes and the water management in fuel *** this paper,we present a novel approach based on adaptive optics for correcting the dynamical aberrations in real time and thus reducing the measurement *** shape of the fluctuating water-air interface is sampled with a reflecting light beam(Fresnel Guide Star)and a Hartmann-Shack sensor which makes it possible to correct its influence with a deformable mirror in a closed ***-dimensional flow measurements are achieved by using a double-helix point spread *** measure the flow inside a sessile,oscillating 50-μl droplet on an opaque gas diffusion layer for fuel cells and show that the temporally varying refraction at the droplet surface causes a systematic underestimation of the flow field magnitude corresponding to the first droplet eigenmode which plays a major role in their detachment *** demonstrate that the adaptive optics correction is able to reduce this systematic ***,the adaptive optics system can pave the way to a deeper understanding of water droplet formation and detachment which can help to improve the efficiency of fuels cells.

关键词： Double-Helix point spread function Adaptive optics Particle tracking velocimetry Aberration correction Depth-resolving microscopy Closed-loop control

Investigation of human organoid retina with digital holographic transmission matrix measurements

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2022年第2期3卷 33-47页

作者： Nektarios Koukourakis Felix Wagner Stefan Rothe Mike O.Karl jürgen W.czarske Laboratory for Measurement and Sensorsystem Technique TU DresdenDresdenGermany Competence Center for Biomedical Laser Systems(BIOLAS) TU DresdenDresdenGermany Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden(CRTD) TU DresdenDresdenGermany German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases(DZNE)Dresden DresdenGermany Faculty of Physics TU DresdenDresdenGermany Excellence Cluster Physics of Life(PoL) TU DresdenDresdenGermany

Advanced manufacturing of retinal organoid samples from human induced pluripotent stem cells represents a promising way to study the development of retinal *** retina is an epithelium composed of different cell layers with unique optical properties and detects light by photoreceptor neurons for visual *** are still many challenges in detecting early and distinct cellular changes in retinal *** this paper,we study the capability of the optical transmission matrix,which fully describes the transition of a light field propagating through a scattering *** its rich information content,the transmission matrix is commonly just used for light delivery through scattering *** holography is employed to measure the complex light-field information of the transmitted *** demonstrate that singular value decomposition of the transmission matrix allows to discriminate phantom tissues with varying scattering *** apply these findings to retinal organoid *** of the protonophore carbonyl cyanide m-chloro-phenylhydrazone(CCCP),a known inducer of retinal damage in animals,caused cell death and structural changes in human retinal organoids,which resulted in distinct changes in the transmission *** data indicate that the analysis of the transmission matrix can distinguish pathologic changes of the retina towards the development of imaging-based biomarkers.

关键词： Transmission matrix Digital holography Retina Organoids Neurodegeneration Cell death

Securing Data in Multimode Fibers by Exploiting Mode-Dependent Light Propagation Effects

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Research 2023年第3期2023卷 669-682页

作者： Stefan Rothe Karl-Ludwig Besser David Krause Robert Kuschmierz Nektarios Koukourakis Eduard jorswieck jürgen W.czarske TU Dresden Faculty of Electrical and Computer EngineeringLaboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique01062 DresdenGermany TU Braunschweig Faculty of Electrical EngineeringInformation TechnologyPhysicsInstitute for Communications Technology38106 BraunschweigGermany TU Dresden Faculty of Physics01062 DresdenGermany

Multimode fibers hold great promise to advance data rates in optical communications but come with the challenge to compensate for modal crosstalk and mode-dependent losses,resulting in strong *** holographic measurement of the transmission matrix enables not only correcting distortions but also harnessing these effects for creating a confidential data connection between legitimate communication parties,Alice and *** feasibility of this physical-layer-security-based approach is demonstrated experimentally for the first time on a multimode fiber link to which the eavesdropper Eve is physically *** the proper structured light field is launched at Alice’s side,the message can be delivered to Bob,and,simultaneously,the decipherment for an illegitimate wiretapper Eve is *** a real communication scenario,we implement wiretap codes and demonstrate confidentiality by quantifying the level of *** to an uncoded data transmission,the amount of securely exchanged data is enhanced by a factor of *** complex light transportation phenomena that have long been considered limiting and have restricted the widespread use of multimode fiber are exploited for opening new perspectives on information security in spatial multiplexing communication systems.

关键词： distortion destroyed holographic

Harnessing naturally occurring mutations for T-cell therapy:a potential new avenue to enhance treatment efficacy

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1799-1801页

作者： Michael Hiltensperger jürgen Ruland Kilian Schober Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie Immunologie und HygieneFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany TranslaTUM Center for Translational Cancer ResearchTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany German Cancer Consortium(DKTK) HeidelbergGermany German Center for Infection Research(DZIF) partner site MunichMunichGermany FAU Profile Center Immunomedicine Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany

In a recent study published in Nature,Garcia et *** a sophisticated approach to identify fitness-enhancing mutations for T cells that was inspired by cancer evolution.1 The identified CARD11-PIK3R3 gene fusion enhanced tumor rejection and persistence of engineered T cells in multiple tumor models and might have the potential to improve efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapies in cancer patients.

关键词： cancer potential

Ultra-thin 3D lensless fiber endoscopy using diffractive optical elements and deep neural networks

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2021年第4期2卷 57-66页

作者： Robert Kuschmierz Elias Scharf David F.Ortegón-González Tom Glosemeyer jürgen W.czarske Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique TU DresdenHelmholtzstrasse 1801069 DresdenGermany Competence center for Biomedical Computational Laser Systems(BIOLAS) TU DresdenGermany Institute of Applied Physics School of SciencesTU DresdenGermany Excellence Cluster Physics of Life TU DresdenGermany

Minimally invasive endoscopes are indispensable in *** fiber bundles(CFBs)enable ultrathin lensless ***,the propagation of light through a CFB suffers from phase distortions and aberrations that can cause images to be *** correction of such aberrations has been demonstrated using various techniques for wavefront control,especially using spatial light modulators(SLMs).This study investigates a novel aberration correction without SLM for the creation of an efficient and compact *** memory effect of CFBs enables a paradigm shift in the use of static diffractive optical elements(DOEs)instead of dynamic modulation with *** introduce DOEs produced by 2-photon polymerization lithography for phase conjugation on a CFB for focusing,raster scanning,and ***,a DOE with random patterns is used to encode the three-dimensional(3D)object information in a 2D speckle pattern that propagates along the ultra-thin *** networks decode the speckles to retrieve the 3D object information using single-shot *** DOE methods have compact low-cost concepts in common,and both pave the way for minimally invasive 3D endomicroscopy with benefits for optical imaging in biomedicine.

关键词： correction speckle elements

Linkage Between European and East Asian Heatwaves on Synoptic Scales

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journal of Tropical Meteorology 2024年第2期30卷 97-105页

作者：蔡奋颖刘彩红杨崧邓开强 KURTHS jürgen School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen Universityand Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)ZhuhaiGuangdong 519082 China Department of Complexity Science Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research(PIK)Member of the Leibniz AssociationPotsdam 14473 Germany Department of Water and Climate Risk Institute for Environmental StudiesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam 1087HV Netherlands Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdong 519082 China Department of Physics Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlin 12489 Germany

Concurrent extreme weather events in geographically distant areas potentially cause high-end risks for *** using network analysis,the present study managed to identify significant nearly-simultaneous occurrences of heatwaves between the grid cells in East Asia and Eastern Europe,even though they are geographically far away from each *** further composite analysis,this study revealed that hot events first occurred in Eastern Europe,typically with a time lag of3-4 days before the East Asian heatwave *** eastward propagating atmospheric wave train,known as the circumglobal teleconnection(CGT)pattern,bridged the sequent occurrences of extreme events in these two remote *** blockings,amplified by surface warming over Eastern Europe,not only enhanced local heat extremes but also excited a CGT-like pattern characterized by alternative anomalies of high and low *** downstream anticyclones in the middle and upper troposphere reduced local cloud cover and increased downward solar radiation,thereby facilitating the formation of heatwaves over East *** half of East Asian heatwave events were preceded by Eastern European heatwave events in the 10-day time range before East Asian heatwave *** investigation of heatwave teleconnection in the two distant regions exhibits strong potential to improve the prediction accuracy of East Asian heatwaves.

关键词： concurrent heatwaves Eastern Europe East Asia circum-global teleconnection pattern

A systematic review of spatial disaggregation methods for climate action planning

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Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 458-469页

作者： Shruthi Patil Noah Pflugradt jann M.Weinand Detlef Stolten jürgen Kropp Institute of Energy and Climate Research Techno-economic Systems Analysis(IEK-3)Forschungszentrum JülichWilhelm-Johnen-StraßeJülich52425NRWGermany University of Potsdam Institute for Environmental Science and GeographyKarl-Liebknecht-Str.24-25Potsdam-Golm14476BrandenburgGermany Chair for Fuel Cells RWTH Aachen Universityc/o IEK-3Forschungszentrum JülichJülich52425NRWGermany Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research(PIK) Member of the Leibniz AssociationP.O.Box 601203PotsdamD-14412BrandenburgGermany

National-level climate action plans are often formulated broadly. Spatially disaggregating these plans to individual municipalities can offer substantial benefits, such as enabling regional climate action strategies and for assessing the feasibility of national objectives. Numerous spatial disaggregation approaches can be found in the literature. This study reviews and categorizes these. The review is followed by a discussion of the relevant methods for the disaggregation of climate action plans. It is seen that methods employing proxy data, machine learning models, and geostatistical ones are the most relevant methods for the spatial disaggregation of national energy and climate plans. The analysis offers guidance for selecting appropriate methods based on factors such as data availability at the municipal level and the presence of spatial autocorrelation in the *** the urgency of addressing climate change escalates, understanding the spatial aspects of national energy and climate strategies becomes increasingly important. This review will serve as a valuable guide for researchers and practitioners applying spatial disaggregation in this crucial field.

关键词： Spatial downscaling Proxy data Mass-preserving Climate action plans Spatial autocorrelation Machine learning Geostatistical models

Dirac-harmonic maps with the trivial index

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Science China Mathematics 2024年

作者： jürgen jost Linlin Sun jingyong Zhu Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences School of Mathematics and Statistics Guangxi Normal University School of Mathematics Sichuan University

For a homotopy class [u] of maps between a closed Riemannian manifold M and a general manifold N, we want to find a Dirac-harmonic map with the map component in the given homotopy class. Most known results require the index to be nontrivial. When the index is trivial, the few known results are all constructive and produce uncoupled solutions. In this paper, we define a new quantity. As a byproduct of proving the homotopy invariance of this new quantity, we find a new simple proof for the fact that all the Dirac-harmonic spheres in surfaces are uncoupled. More importantly, by using the homotopy invariance of this new quantity,we prove the existence of Dirac-harmonic maps from manifolds in the trivial index case. In particular, when the domain is a closed Riemann surface, we prove the short-time existence of the α-Dirac-harmonic map flow in the trivial index case. Together with the density of the minimal kernel, we get an existence result for Dirac-harmonic maps from closed Riemann surfaces to K¨ahler manifolds, which extends the previous result of the first and third authors. This establishes a general existence theory for Dirac-harmonic maps in the context of the trivial index.

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COmbination of Targeted temperature management and Thrombectomy after acute Ischemic Stroke(COTTIS):a pilot study

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第3期9卷 258-267页

作者： jürgen Bardutzky Rainer Kollmar Forat Al-Rawi johann Lambeck Mohammad Fazel Christian Taschner Wolf-Dirk Niesen Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology Medical Center-University of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany Neurology and Neurointensive Care Darmstadt HospitalDarmstadtGermany BrainCool AB LundSweden Department of Neuroradiology Medical Center-University of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany

Background To evaluate the feasibility and safety of a fast initiation of cooling to a target temperature of 35℃by means of transnasal cooling in patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion(LVO)undergoing endovascular thrombectomy(EVT).Methods Patients with an LVO onset of<24hour who had an indication for EVT were included in the *** cooling(RhinoChill)was initiated immediately after the patient was intubated for EVT and continued until an oesophageal target temperature of 35℃was *** was maintained with surface cooling for 6-hour postrecanalisation,followed by active rewarming(+0.2℃/hour).The primary outcome was defined as the time required to reach 35℃,while secondary outcomes comprised clinical,radiological and safety *** Twenty-two patients(median age,77 years)were included in the study(14 received additional thrombolysis,4 additional stenting of the proximal internal carotid artery).The median time intervals were 309min for last-seen-normal-to-groin,58min for door-to-cooling-initiation,65min for door-to-groin and 123min for *** target temperature of 35℃was reached within 30min(range 13–78min),corresponding to a cooling rate of 2.6℃/*** recanalisation,86%of the patients had a body temperature of≤35℃.The median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at admission was 15 and improved to 2 by day 7,and 68%of patients had a good outcome(modified Rankin Scale 0–2)at 3 *** complications included asymptomatic bradycardia(32%),pneumonia(18%)and asymptomatic haemorrhagic transformation(18%).Conclusion The combined application of hypothermia and thrombectomy was found to be feasible in sedated and ventilated *** events were comparable to those previously described for EVT in the absence of *** effect of this procedure will next be evaluated in the randomised COmbination of Targeted temperature management and Thrombectomy after acute Ischemic Stro

关键词： maintained continued initiated