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Distribution Control Centers in the US and Europe:Commonalities,Differences,and Lessons

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第2期10卷 259-268页

作者： Subramanian Vadari Izudin Dzafic Dan'l Koch Ryan Murphy Daniel Hayes jr. Tarik Donlagic Modem Grid Solutions New YorkUSA University of Sarajevo Faculty of Electrical EngineeringSarajevoBosnia and Herzegovina R.Murphy are with Puget Sound Energy BellevueUSA Commonwealth Edison ChicagoUSA Siemens AG ErlanglenGermany

The distribution control center(DCC)has evolved from a sideshow in the traditional distribution service center to a major centerpiece of the utility moving into the decentralized ***,this is the place where much of the action is happening due to new forms of energy that are coining into the distribution *** creates the flexibility of operation and in-creased complexity due to the need for increased coordination between the transmission control center and ***,the US and European utilities have adapted to this change in very different ***,we describe the research works done in a DCC and their evolutions from the perspectives of major US utilities,and those enhanced by the European perspective focusing on the coordination of distribution system operator and transmission system operator(DSO-TSO).We pres-ent the insights into the systems used in these control centers and the role of vendors in their *** this paper,we present the perspectives of challenges,operational capabilities,and the involvement of various parties who will be re-sponsible to make the transition *** differences are pointed out on how distribution operations are conducted between the US and Europe.

关键词： Distribution control center(DCC) power system operation distributed generation asset flexibility volt-var optimization and control.

Water Scarcity in Conakry, Guinea: Challenges and Proposed Strategies for a Way Forward

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第4期16卷 264-280页

作者： Bernard Lassimo Diawara Gerald D. S. Quoie jr.Zhuo Li Justin Junior Loua College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development Tongji University Shanghai China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Tongji University Shanghai China Business School Sichuan University Chengdu China

The capital of Guinea, Conakry, faces a notable difficulty due to a water shortage, which is worsened by the rapid increase in population and urban development. The Guinean Water Company (SEG) faces challenges in supplying water to the entire city due to its limited area of approximately 420 km2 and a population of 2 million. Moreover, the population growth rate is anticipated to increase dramatically, exacerbating the difficulty of fulfilling future water requirements. As a result, this study employs data from the Knoema website and the Institute of National Statistics of Guinea (INS) to examine the water production and distribution process by the SEG. The study examines the challenges related to water scarcity in Conakry and suggests strategies to assist the city in managing the present circumstances and planning for the future. The primary objective is to get a long-lasting water supply and uphold water quality to advance public health.

关键词： Water Scarcity Conakry Population Growth SDGs SEG

A long-term in situ calibration system for chemistry analysis of seawater

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2010年第9期11卷 701-708页

作者： Chun-yang TAN Bo JIN Kang DING William E. SEYFRIED jr. Ying CHEN State Key Lab of Fluid Power Transmission and Control Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Minnesota Minneapolis 55455 USA

An in situ calibration system is a versatile exploration instrument for electrochemical sensors investigating the biochemical properties of the marine environment. The purpose of this paper is to describe the design of an auto-calibrating system for electrochemical (pH) sensors, which permits two-point in situ calibration, suitable for long-term measurement in deep sea aqueous environments. Holding multiple sensors, the instrument is designed to perform long-term measurements and in situ calibrations at abyssal depth (up to 4000 m). The instrument is composed of a compact fluid control system which is pressure-equilibrated and designed for deep-sea operation. In situ calibration capability plays a key role in the quality and reproducibility of the data. This paper focuses on methods for extending the lifetime of the instrument, considering the fluidics design, mechanical design, and low-power consumption of the electronics controller. The instrument can last 46 d under normal operating conditions, fulfilling the need for long-term operation. Data concerning pH measured during the KNOX18RR cruise (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, July-August, 2008) illustrate the desirable properties of the instrument. Combined with different electrodes (pH, H2, H2S, etc.), it should be of great utility for the study of deep ocean environments, including water column and diffuse-flow hydrothermal fluids.

关键词： pH Long-term In situ calibration Flow control Low power

A survey of corneal changes caused by daily wear silicone hydrogel contact lenses

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2015年第6期8卷 92-100页

作者： Beata Kettesy Julianna Vardai Andras Berta Laszlo Modis jr. Adam Kemeny-Beke Department of Ophthalmology University of Debrecen Nagyerdei krt.98. H-4032 DebrecenHungary

The examination of the effects of second generation lotra filcon B silicone hydrogel(SiH)lenses on the cornea when worn for three years of daily *** and Methods:55 healthy patients were divided into two groups:current hydrogel contact lens wearers refitted with lotrafilcon B lenses(Group 1;28 patients)and neophyte contact lens wearers(Group 2;27 patients).Each patient's subjective eye comfort was measured with a self-administered *** corneas were analyzed using contact specular microscope to measure corneal thickness and the endothelium before the SiH lenses werefitted after four weeks,one month,six months,one year,two years,and three years of lens ***:Subjective complaints of patients in Group 1 were reduced;however patients in Group 2 experienced discomfort during the first two to four weeks of *** Group 1,objective examinations identified a decrease in endothelial cell *** Group 2,the endothelial cell density increased slightly in the first two years but decreased after three *** results indicate that lotra filcon B slows down the deleterious effects of contact *** coe±cient of variation significantly decreased after six months in Group 1(0.47 vs 0.44;p?0:049),whereas,in Group 2,the hexagonal cells improved significantly after one month(27.78 vs 28.25;p=0.025).Conclusion:Based on the subjects involved and the period of time under examination,it can be concluded that high-Dk SiH lenses support the physiological metabolism and functions of the cornea by improving oxygen provision.

关键词： Contact lens corneal endothelium silicone hydrogels specular microscopy cell density

Effects of vertical position on trematode parasitism in larval anurans

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Current Zoology 2019年第6期65卷 657-664页

作者： Jacob R.JONES Camille L.STEENROD John A.MARINO jr. Biology Department Bradley UniversityPeoriaILUSA Department of Geography University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA

Spatial distributions of animals can affect interactions with their natural enemies,such as parasites,and thus have important implications for host-parasite *** spatial variation in infection risk has been explored in many systems at the landscape scale,less attention has been paid to spatial structure at smaller ***,we explore a hypothesized relationship between a common spatial variable,vertical position,and risk of parasite infection in a model aquatic system,larval frogs(Rana)and trematode(Digenea)*** position is relevant to this system given evidence that the densities of snail first intermediate hosts,tadpole second intermediate hosts,and trematode infective stages can vary with *** test the effects of depth on infection risk of larval frogs by trematodes,we performed two enclosure experiments,one in the laboratory and one in the field,in which larval frogs in cages just below the water surface or near the bottom of the water column were exposed to *** with near-surface cages,mean infection load(number of cysts)in tadpoles in near-bottom cages was 83%higher after 48-h exposures in the laboratory and 730%higher after 10-day exposures in the *** findings thus indicate that infection risk depends on depth,which may have adaptive significance,as tadpoles have previously been shown to change vertical position in response to parasite *** results motivate future work examining vertical variation in infection risk and may have broader implications for host-parasite dynamics and evolution of host and parasite behavior.

关键词： avoidance behavior cercariae Echinostomatidae host-parasite interactions Rana spatial structure

Crustal thickening in an active margin setting （Philippines）： The whys and the hows

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Episodes 2004年第4期27卷 260-264页

作者： C.B.Dimalanta G.P.Yumul,jr. NationalInstituteofGeologicalSciences CollegeofScienceUniversityofthePhilippinesDilimanQuezonCityPhilippines1101.

A synthesis of crustal thickness estimates was made recently utilizing available field, geochemical, seismicity, shear wave velocity and gravity data in the Philippines. The results show that a significant portion of the Philippine archipelago is generally characterized by crust with a thickness of around 25 to 30 kilometers. However, two zones, which are made up of a thicker crust (from 30 to 65 km) have also been delineated. The Luzon Central Cordillera region is characterized by thick crust. Another belt of thickened crust is observed in the Bicol-Negros-Panay-Central Mindanao region. This paper examines the interplay of tectonic and magmatic processes and their role in modifying Philippine arc crust. The processes, which could account for the observed crustal thicknesses, are presented. The contributions of magmatic arcs as compared to the contribution of the emplacement and accretion of ophiolite complexes to crustal thickness are also discussed.

关键词：地壳增厚活跃边缘环境剪力波速度菲律宾群岛地质构造

Control of pain with topical plant medicines

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第4期5卷 268-273页

作者： James David Adams jr. Xiaogang Wang University of Southern California School of Pharmacy

Pain is normally treated with oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents and opioids. These drugs are dangerous and are responsible for many hospitalizations and deaths. It is much safer to use topical preparations made from plants to treat pain, even severe pain. Topical preparations must contain compounds that penetrate the skin, inhibit pain receptors such as transient receptor potential cation channels and cyclooxygenase-2, to relieve pain. Inhibition of pain in the skin disrupts the pain cycle and avoids exposure of internal organs to large amounts of toxic compounds. Use of topical pain relievers has the potential to save many lives, decrease medical costs and improve therapy.

关键词： Traditional healing Liniment Topical preparation Pain control

Recovery of Collembola in Pinus tabulaeformis Plantations

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Pedosphere 2017年第1期27卷 129-137页

作者： CHANG Liang WANG Baifeng LIU Xianghui Mac A.CALLAHAM jr. GE Feng State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences USDA Forest ServiceSouthern Research StationCenter for Forest Disturbance Science

Large areas of forest plantations have been developed in China. It is important to evaluate the soil fauna in plantations and the conditions needed for their recovery in view of the large areas of plantations in China. Three Pinus tabulaeformis forests, a 26-year-old plantation （P26） and a 45-year-old plantation （P45）, exposed to clear-cutting before plantation, and an 80 260-year-old natural forest （N260）, were chosen to study the effects of different forest ages/types on Collembola community in the lifter and soil layers during 2008 and 2009. Soil conditions in P26 and P45 were significantly deteriorated when compared to N260. A higher value of soil bulk density and lower values of soil organic matter, soil N, litter depth, soil pH, and soil water content were observed in P26 and P45. Totally, the same genera of Collembola tended to occur in the forests of all ages studied; however, the Collembola community structure was significantly impacted by the differences in forest age. Both in the litter and soil layers, the density and generic richness of the Collembola were the highest in N260 and the lowest in P26. Some collembolan groups were sensitive to soil conditions in particular forest ages. N260 was associated with relatively high abundance of Plutomus collembolans and P45 with relatively high abundance of Pseudofolsomia collembolans. The canonical correspondence analysis showed that the community structure of Collembola was mainly affected by forest age in both litter and soil layer. The ordination analysis of non-metric multidimensional scaling also found that the Collembola community did not recover to the level of natural forests in 26-year regeneration after clear-cutting. Even in 45-year regeneration after clear-cutting, the Collembola community only showed a slight recovery to the level of natural forests. Our results clearly showed that both Collembola community and soil conditions did not recover in 26- and 45-year regeneration after clear-cutting in P.

关键词： community structure forest age litter layer soil conditions soil fauna soil layer

Up-regulation of Long Non-coding RNA TUG1 in Hibernating Thirteen-lined Ground Squirrels

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2016年第2期14卷 113-118页

作者： Jacques J.Frigault Daneck Lang-Ouellette Pier Morin jr. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty of Sciences Universite'de Moncton

Mammalian hibernation is associated with multiple physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes that allow animals to endure colder temperatures. We hypothesize that long non-coding RNAs（lnc RNAs）, a group of non-coding transcripts with diverse functions, are differentially expressed during hibernation. In this study, expression levels of lncRNAs H19 and TUG1 were assessed via qRT-PCR in liver, heart, and skeletal muscle tissues of the hibernating thirteen-lined ground squirrels（Ictidomys tridecemlineatus）. TUG1 transcript levels were significantly elevated 1.94-fold in skeletal muscle of hibernating animals when compared with euthermic animals. Furthermore, transcript levels of HSF2 also increased 2.44-fold in the skeletal muscle in hibernating animals. HSF2 encodes a transcription factor that can be negatively regulated by TUG1 levels and that influences heat shock protein expression. Thus, these observations support the differential expression of the TUG1-HSF2 axis during hibernation. To our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence for differential expression of lnc RNAs in torpid ground squirrels, adding lnc RNAs as another group of transcripts modulated in this mammalian species during hibernation.

关键词： Hibernation Hypometabolism Cold adaptation Non-codiag RNAs lncRNAs