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Following new Philanthropy by network Ethnography:How Did the Varkey Foundation Land and Expand in Latin America?

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ECnU Review of Education 2023年第4期6卷 541-567页

作者： iv.n Matovich Tomás Esper Monash University Columbia University

Purpose:new philanthropy develops new forms of policy“problem-solving”through the influx of private actors’money and *** adopts singular configurations across different policy spaces,with implications for education *** address this phenomenon by analyzing the Varkey Foundation’s(VF)“landing”and“expansion”in Latin *** is a global philanthropic organization registered in the United Kingdom in 2011 with a main hub in Argentina,where it landed in ***/Approach/Methods:We use network ethnography to examine the influence of new philanthropy on education governance as this phenomenon demands new methods to grasp the“realities”of governing beyond conventional ways and understanding policy ***:Results indicate how VF“landed”in a little pro-market space via productive uses of policy *** second phase of data collection and analysis presents further consolidation of VF in Argentina,its expansion into Latin America,and its establishment as a legitimate education policy ***/Value:This study provides new evidence and insights into how policy networks enable new philanthropy to land and consolidate within national boundaries and,later,across the region as a legitimate actor in education.

关键词： Education policy policy networks network ethnography new philanthropy Varkey Foundation

What is the prognosis of emphysematous pyelonephritis associated with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing microorganisms?

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Asian Journal of Urology 2022年第2期9卷 146-151页

作者： Joséiv.n Robles-Torres Marco Alberto Ocaña-Munguía JoséGustavo Arrambide-Herrera Adrián Mauricio Martínez-Fernández Rodrigo Romero-Mata Lauro Salvador Gómez-Guerra Urology Department Hospital Universitario"Dr.Jose´Eleuterio Gonza´lez"Universidad Auto´noma de Nuevo LeonMonterreyNuevo LeonMexico

Objective:To describe the microbiological characteristics in emphysematous pyelonephritis(EPn),demonstrate the frequency of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase(ESBL)microorganisms,and determine if these microorganisms are associated with the prognosis of patients with ***:We conducted a retrospective study in patients with a diagnosis of EPn in a tertiary care hospital of the northeast region of Mexico during the period from January 2011 to January *** variables were analyzed to determine association with the presence of ESBL-producing *** significance was set with pnts were included;55(87.3%)of them were females,with a median age of 55(interquartile range:45-65)*** management was indicated in 38.1%;42.9%were treated with ureteral stent;12.7%with open or percutaneous drainage;15.8%with early nephrectomy;and 9.5%with delayed *** mortality was 13(20.6%)cases;23(36.5%)cases required admission to the intensive care *** most frequent microorganism isolated was Escherichia coli(n=34,53.9%).ESBL microorganisms were found in 31.7%of the *** significant association of ESBL was found with admission to the intensive care unit,or with increased ***:To our knowledge,this is the first study that evaluates ESBL microorganisms as a prognostic factor in *** factors associated with a poor prognosis in patients with EPn have been *** microbiological factors,specifically ESBL-producing bacteria,do not seem to influence in the prognosis of these patients.

关键词： Emphysematous pyelonephritis Extended spectrum betalactamase Mortality Intensive care unit admission

Ectopic papilla of Vater in the pylorus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第41期15卷 5221-5223页

作者： iv.n Guerra Luis Ramón Rábago Fernando Bermejo Elvira Quintanilla Silvia García-Garzón Gastroenterology Service University Hospital Severo Ochoa Leganés 28911 Madrid Spain

The major papilla of Vater is usually located in the second portion of the duodenum, to the posterior medial wall. Sometimes the mouth of the biliary duct is located in other areas. Drainage of the common bile duct into the pylorus is extremely rare. A 73-year old man, with a history of duodenal ulcer, was admitted to hospital with the diagnosis of cholangitis. Dilatation of the extrahepatic biliary duct was observed by abdominal ultrasonography, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography （ERCP） was performed. no area suggesting the presence of the papilla of Vater was found within the second duodenal portion. Finally the major papilla was located in the theoretical pyloric duct. Cholangiography was performed and choledocholithiasis was found in the biliary tree. The patient underwent dilatation of the papilla with a balloon tyre and removal of a 7 mm stone using a Dormia basket, which solved the problem without further complications. This anomaly increased the difficulty of performing therapeutic interventions during ERCR This alteration in anatomy may increase the risk of complications during papillotomy, with a theoretically higher risk of perforation. Dilatation using a balloon was the chosen therapeutic technique both in our case and in the literature, due to its low rate of complications.

关键词： Ectopic common bile duct Endoscopic dilatation Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatog- raphy Papilla of Vater Papillotomy Pyloric drainage

Stone–Wales defects in hexagonal boron nitride as ultraviolet emitters

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 169-175页

作者： Hanen Hamdi GergőThiering Zoltán Bodrog Viktor ivády Adam Gali Wigner Research Centre for Physics P.O.Box 49Budapest 1525Hungary Department of Physics Chemistry and BiologyLinköping UniversityLinköping SE-58183Sweden Budapest University of Technology and Economics Budafokiút 8.Budapest 1111Hungary

Many quantum emitters have been measured close or near the grain boundaries of the two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride where various Stone–Wales defects *** show by means of first principles density functional theory calculations that the pentagon–heptagon Stone–Wales defect is an ultraviolet emitter and its optical properties closely follow the characteristics of a 4.08-eV quantum emitter,often observed in polycrystalline hexagonal boron *** also show that the square–octagon Stone–Wales line defects are optically active in the ultraviolet region with varying gaps depending on their density in hexagonal boron *** results may introduce a paradigm shift in the identification of fluorescent centres in this material.

关键词： Wales boron hexagonal

Quantification of the Mixture of Hydrothermal and Fresh Water in Tectonic Valleys

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Journal of Earth Science 2020年第5期31卷 1007-1015页

作者： Janete Moran-Ramirez Jose iv.n Morales-Arredondoc Maria Aurora Armienta-hernandez Jose Alfredo Ramos-Leal national Council of Science and Technology National Autonomous University of MexicoInstitute of GeophysicsScientific Research CircuitUniversity CityCoyoacan 04150Mexico CityMexico national Autonomous University of Mexico Institute of GeophysicsUniversity CampusMexico CityMexico Potosino Institute for Scientific and Technological Research 78216 San Luis PotosiS.L.P.Mexico

This study was conducted to identify the origin, hydrogeochemical processes and evolution of groundwater in a tectonic valley. This study was carried out with the aim of quantifying the proportions of groundwater flows contributing to the water chemistry abstracted in a zone of convergence favored by the presence of active faults. The study area is located in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. End members methodology was applied to identify the mixing of hydrothermal with fresh groundwater, where changes in the aquifer geology result in distinct groundwater chemical signatures. Ternary mixing was quantified using conservative elements. Moreover, other evolutionary processes, such as ion exchange and silicate weathering occur due to changes in the geology of the area. In ternary mixing, each of the end members is associated with the lithology through which it circulates. The local flow contributes 70% of the water to the system, the intermediate flow contributes 14%, and the regional flow contributes 16%. Three types of water are produced: na-HCO3, due to the interaction of water with volcanic rocks of rhyolitic composition, na-Mg-HCO3, due to the interaction of water with volcanic rocks of basaltic-andesite composition, and Ca-HCO3, due to the interaction of water with sedimentary calcareous rocks.

关键词： hydrogeochemistry ternary mixing end members conservative elements local flow Mexico

Cellular targets in diabetic retinopathy therapy

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World Journal of Diabetes 2021年第9期12卷 1442-1462页

作者： María Lucía Rodríguez iv.n Millán Ángel Luis Ortega Department of Physiology Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of ValenciaBurjassot 46100ValenciaSpain neonatal Research Group Health Research Institute La FeValencia 46026ValenciaSpain

Despite the existence of treatment for diabetes,inadequate metabolic control triggers the appearance of chronic complications such as diabetic *** retinopathy is considered a multifactorial disease of complex etiology in which oxidative stress and low chronic inflammation play essential *** exposure to hyperglycemia triggers a loss of redox balance that is critical for the appearance of neuronal and vascular damage during the development and progression of the *** therapies for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy are used in advanced stages of the disease and are unable to reverse the retinal damage induced by *** lack of effective therapies without side effects means there is an urgent need to identify an early action capable of preventing the development of the disease and its pathophysiological consequences in order to avoid loss of vision associated with diabetic ***,in this review we propose different therapeutic targets related to the modulation of the redox and inflammatory status that,potentially,can prevent the development and progression of the disease.

关键词： Diabetic retinopathy Oxidative stress Inflammation Cellular target Diabetic macular edema

new advances in hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Hepatology 2016年第9期8卷 421-438页

作者： Sonia Pascual iv.n Herrera Javier Irurzun Liver Unit Gastroenterology Department Interventional Radiological Unit Hospital General Universitario de Alicante03010 AlicanteSpain

AIM: To determine if gene-specific DnA methylation in prospectively collected blood samples is associated with later development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS: Comparing genome-wide DnA methylation profiles using Illumina Human methylation 450 K arrays, we previously identified a list of loci that were differentially methylated between tumor and adjacent nontumor tissues. To examine if dysregulation of DnAmethylation patterns observed in tumor tissues can be detected in white blood cell(WBC) DnA, we conducted a prospective case-control study nested within a community-based cancer screening cohort in Taiwan with 16 years of follow up. We measured methylation levels in ninety-six loci that were aberrant in DnA methylation in HCC tumor tissues compared to adjacent tissues. Baseline WBC DnA from 159 HCC cases and 312 matched controls were bisulfite treated and assayed by Illumina Bead Array. We used the χ2 test for categorical variables and student's t-test for continuous variables to assess the difference in selected characteristics between cases and controls. To estimate associations with HCC risk, we used conditional logistic regression models stratified on the matching factors to calculate odds ratios(OR) and 95%CI. RESULTS: We found that high methylation level in cg10272601 in WnK2 was associated with increased risk of HCC, with an OR of 1.91(95%CI: 1.27-2.86). High methylation levels in both cg12680131 in TPO and cg22511877 in MYT1 L, however, were associated with decreased risk. The ORs(95%CI) were 0.59(0.39-0.87) and 0.50(0.33-0.77), respectively, for those with methylation levels of cg12680131 and cg22511877 above the median compared with those with levels below the median. These associations were still statistically significant in multivariable conditional logistic regression models after adjusting for hepatitis B virus infection and alcohol consumption. COnCLUSIOn: These findings support the measurement of methylation markers in WBC DnA as biomarke

关键词： DnA methylation Epigenetics Hepatitis B virus Hepatocellular carcinoma White blood cell DnA

Shade shelters increase survival and photosynthetic performance of oak transplants at abandoned fields in semi-arid climates

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第1期24卷 23-28页

作者： Claudia González-Salvatierra Ernesto iv.n Badano Joel Flores Juan Pablo Rodas División de Ciencias Ambientales Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y TecnológicaA.C.Camino a la Presa San José 2055C.P. 78216San Luis PotosíS.L.P.México.

Forest restorations conducted in semiarid, seasonally dry climates must deal with the intense drought stress that affects tree seedlings during the dry season. Although this water deficit is the most commonly invoked source of mortality for seedlings, several other environmental factors may also preclude survival of transplants. For instance, it has been widely reported that excessive light reduces the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus, hence decreasing plant survival, but most seedling transplants in deforested areas are conducted under these light conditions. This study is focused in determining whether excessive light affects the photosynthetic performance and survival of Quercus coccolobifolia, a Mexican oak species, when their seedlings are transplanted in semiarid deforested areas. Further, this study tests the possibility of using artificial shade shelters to improve the ecophysiological performance and survival of seedlings. Oak seedlings were transplanted under full sunlight conditions and beneath artificial shade shelters of two different colors： white and black. To reduce water stress, and hence isolate the effects of light treatments, a drip irrigation system was implemented at each experimental plot. Seedling survival was monitored weekly for 128 days and photosynthetic performance was assessed by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence at three opportunities during the experiment. Sun-exposed seedlings showed lower photosynthetic performance and survival rates than those beneath shelters of both colors. These results suggest that sunlight damage can reduce seedling survival when they are transplanted in exposed sites, and that shade shelters can improve the success of forest restoration programs in semiarid climates.

关键词： chlorophyll fluorescence light stress photoinhibition reforestation forest restoration

Pancreatic Pseudocyst Rupture: Cause of Acute Abdomen

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2023年第8期12卷 324-331页

作者： Joel iv.n Cruz-González Miguel Ángel Miranda-Del Olmo Benito Antonio García-Ramón Brenda hernández-García Crystell Guadalupe Guzmán-Priego Alejandro Jiménez-Sastré Social Security Institute of the State of Tabasco Villahermosa Mexico Cardiometabolism Laboratory Academic Division of Health Sciences Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco Villahermosa Mexico

Case report of a 23-year-old male patient with a pancreatic pseudocyst, initially was treated by the Interventional Radiology service by placing percutaneous drainage with poor evolution, abruptly presented abdominal pain, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and peritoneal irritation, so an urgent exploratory laparotomy was performed with a finding of rupture of the pancreatic pseudocyst into the abdominal cavity. He presented septic shock and died in the immediate postoperative period. Computerized Axial Tomography represents the ideal diagnostic method. Spontaneous rupture is extremely rare and requires urgent surgical intervention.

关键词： Rupture Pancreatic Pseudocyst Acute Abdomen