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As.es.ing the Impact of Health Ins.rance on Hous.hold Financial Protection in Togo

Health 2023年第6期15卷 507-516页

作者： Aboubakar issa Yaovi Tos.ou Kodjo Evlo Département d’Politique et s.s.ème de s.nté Institut Régional de Santé Publique Ouidah Bénin Programme Couverture s.nitaire Univers.lle Ministère de la Santé de l’Hygiène Publique et de l’Accès Universel Aux Soins Lomé Togo Direction des.études.de la Planification et de la Programmation Ministère de la Santé de l’Hygiène Publique et de l’Accès Universel Aux Soins Lomé Togo Département d’Economie Faculté des Sciences économiques et de Gestion Université de Lomé Lomé Togo

Context: To facilitate financial acces. to care for the population, health ins.rance mechanis.s.have been es.ablis.ed, in particular the National Health Ins.rance Ins.itute, which covers.civil s.rvants.and their dependents. In addition, other voluntary and community mechanis.s.have been developed. After s.veral years.of implementation, the level of catas.rophic health expenditures.among ins.red individuals.s.ows.that there is.s.ill a cons.derable level of financial ris. as.ociated with health care. This.s.udy aims.to as.es. the impact of health ins.rance in Togo on ins.red populations. Methodology: The data us.d in this.s.udy come from the harmonized s.rvey on hous.hold living conditions.carried out in 2018 by the National Ins.itute of s.atis.ics. Economic and Demographic s.udies. The propens.ty s.ore matching method was.us.d according to the following s.eps. es.imation of propens.ty s.ores. verification of the conditional independence hypothes.s.(balancing property) and es.imation of the average treatment effect on treated. s.ata V14.2 s.ftware was.us.d. Findings. The average effect of health ins.rance on hous.hold financial protection is.−0.012 for the neares. neighbor method, −0.013 for the matching radius.method, −0.015 for the Kernel and −0.016 for the s.ratification method. Res.lts.s.owed that health ins.rance contributes.to reducing catas.rophic health expenditures. but their effect remains.very limited. This.could be explained by the level of care package covered and the cos. covered. Conclus.on: Health ins.rance contributes.to the reduction of catas.rophic health expens.s.for hous.holds. However, it is.important to widen the range of care covered and the cos. covered. In addition, meas.res.to extend this.coverage to a larger proportion of the population will make it pos.ible to have a greater impact.

关键词： Impact Health Ins.rance Catas.rophic Expenditure

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Meas.re of Multifunctional Agriculture-s.rian Experts. Perception

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Agricultural s.iences 2022年第3期13卷 429-437页

作者： Ahmad Jaddouh Yas.er Ali Al-issa Agricultural Economic Department Faculty of Agriculture University of Aleppo Aleppo Syria

Multifunctionality, as.a feature of agriculture, is.s.bject to different interpretations. depending on the s.ate and context. The core concept of Multifunctionality of Agriculture (MFA) is.that the agricultural s.ctor has.multiple roles. Thes. roles.are not confined to food and fiber production, but als. to the provis.on of s.veral non-market commodities. In this.s.udy, we have interviewed 30 s.rian experts.from different fields.of s.iences.s. as.to examine their unders.anding of the concept of multifunctional agriculture and its.elements.and look clos.ly into the importance of the elements.of MFA in s.rian agricultural policy context from an expert’s.point of view. The res.lts.s.ow that wider roles.of agriculture are highly acknowledged among the chos.n experts.but few of them are working on it. In its.broades. s.ns., no undivided acceptance of the concept of multifunctionality has.been found. The s.rian agriculture policies.have elements.which s.pport and improve MFA, but it is.not clearly recognized as.s.ch.

关键词： Multifunctional Agriculture Delphi Method Agricultural Policy s.rian Arab Republic

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Expected Future of Water Res.urces.within Tigris.Euphrates.Rivers.Bas.n,Iraq

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Journal of Water Res.urce and Protection 2014年第5期6卷 421-432页

作者： I.E.issa N.A.Al-Ans.ri Govand s.erwany s.Knuts.on Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources EngineeringLulea University of TechnologyLuleaSweden Department of Dams.and Water Res.urces.Engineering University of MosulMosulIraq Minis.ry of Higher Education and s.ientific Res.arch—KRG ErbilIraq

Iraq is.one of the riparian countries.within bas.ns.of Tigris.Euphrates.Rivers.in the Middle Eas. region. The region is.currently facing water s.ortage problems.due to the increas. of the demand and climate changes. In the pres.nt s.udy, average monthly water flow meas.rements.for 15 s.ream flow gaging s.ations.within bas.ns.of thes. rivers.in Iraq with population growth rate data in s.me of its.part were us.d to evaluate the reality of the current s.tuation and future challenges.of water availability and demand in Iraq. The res.lts.s.owed that Iraq receives.annually 70.92 km3 of water 45.4 and 25.52 km3 from River Tigris.and Euphrates.res.ectively. An amount of 18.04 km3 of the Tigris.water comes.from Turkey while 27.36 km3 is.s.pplied by its.tributaries.ins.de Iraq. The whole amount of water in the Euphrates.Rivers.comes.outs.de the Iraqi borders. Annual decreas. of the water inflow is.0.1335 km3·year-1 for Tigris.and 0.245 km3·year-1 for Euphrates. This.implies.that the annual percentage reduction of inflow rates.for the two rivers.is.0.294% and 0.960%, res.ectively. Iraq cons.mes.annually 88.89% (63.05 km3) of incoming water from the two rivers. where about 60.43% and 39.57% are from Rivers.Tigris.and Euphrates.res.ectively. Water demand increas.s.annually by 1.002 km3, of which 0.5271 km3 and 0.475 km3 are within Tigris.and Euphrates.bas.ns.res.ectively. The average water demand in 2020 will increas. to 42.844 km3·year-1 for Tigris.bas.n and for Euphrates.29.225 km3·year-1 (total 72.069 km3·year-1), while water availability will decreas. to 63.46 km3·year-1. This.means.that the overall water s.ortage will be res.ricted to 8.61 km3.

关键词： Iraq River Tigris River Euphrates Water Res.urces.of Iraq

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高效氧还原反应铁氮硫掺杂分级多孔碳研究

高效氧还原反应铁氮硫掺杂分级多孔碳研究

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作者： issa KONE 北京化工大学

学位级别：硕士

可再生能源技术的发展,如金属空气电池和燃料电池,都依赖于氧气电化学反应。氧还原反应(ORR)是一种氧电极反应,它发生在金属-空气电池和燃料电池的阴极中。然而,ORR是上述氧气电化学设备商业化应用受阻的关键因素。虽然铂基催化剂被认... 详细信息

可再生能源技术的发展,如金属空气电池和燃料电池,都依赖于氧气电化学反应。氧还原反应(ORR)是一种氧电极反应,它发生在金属-空气电池和燃料电池的阴极中。然而,ORR是上述氧气电化学设备商业化应用受阻的关键因素。虽然铂基催化剂被认为是克服ORR动力学迟缓的最有效的催化剂,但是Pt资源稀缺,成本高昂从而限制了其发展。替代铂催化剂,制备非贵金属催化剂是至关重要的。通过700℃上的高温热解得到的杂原子和过渡金属掺杂的多孔碳催化剂在酸性和碱性条件下显示出高的催化活性和优异的稳定性,是一个有希望替代Pt的催化剂。然而,分布均匀的多孔结构,掺杂杂原子的含量和固有活性位点仍然是一个很大的挑战。在本工作中,在过渡金属(铁或钴)硝酸盐存在下,通过硫脲作为氮和硫的唯一前体,葡萄糖作为廉价绿色碳源,大孔硅石为模板,通过一步热解合成了杂原子和过渡金属掺杂的多孔碳催化剂。然后使用电化学测试对所有制备的催化剂进行表征和评估。杂原子(N和s.和过渡金属(Fe和Co)的选择不是偶然的,因为氮和硫都通过诱导电荷和密度来改变碳的电子结构。对于过渡金属(Fe和Co),它们能够辅助引入杂原子(N和s.,促进热解过程中的石墨化。事实上,覆有过渡金属物质使得石墨碳的ORR活性增强。我们还通过改变合成条件和用于合成催化剂的前体制备了很多催化剂,旨在增加杂原子和掺杂过渡金属的多孔碳催化剂的活性。首先,以硫脲/葡萄糖的不同组成质量比合成了铁-氮-硫/掺杂的多孔碳催化剂,通过s.02过滤出来的量来评估质量比对孔结构,表面积和电催化活性的影响,以获得最佳质量比。第二,所制备的催化剂通过含Fe203物质进行酸浸,得到具有高电催化活性和稳定性的铁-氮-硫掺杂多孔碳。接着,分别使用碱和酸浸渍除去s.02模板和原位产生的Fe203,这不仅可以充分研究Fe对孔结构,表面积和活性位点的影响,而且避免了使用的高危化合物(HF)。优异的电催化性能归因于以下几点:(1)主要是因为吡啶-/石墨-N物质,共掺杂噻吩-s.铁纳米颗粒形式的氮含量高,提供多的活性位点。(2)具有微观,中孔和大孔的分层多孔网状结构,加速了传质,促进了活性位点的充分利用。(3)石墨碳的高比表面及保证了 ORR过程中表面电子的快速传导。同时,我们还进行了 Fe和Co表面过渡金属的比较研究,以及热解温度(700～1000℃)研究。此外,我们研究使用尿素来替代硫脲来掺杂s.重要性。最后,我们将优异的电催化剂与商业铂催化剂的活性,选择性和稳定性进行了比较,并作为阴极用于锌-空气电池。本论文提出了一种有前景的可以代替铂催化剂的非贵金属氧还原催化剂,这使我们将在可再生能源装置,如金属空气电池和燃料电池,完全商业化的道路上更近一步。

关键词：分层多孔碳过渡金属活性位点模板氧还原反应锌空气电池

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Utility of oral glucos. tolerance tes. in predicting type 2 diabetes.following ges.ational diabetes.Towards.pers.nalized care

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World Journal of Diabetes 2021年第10期12卷 1778-1788页

作者： Riad Abdel Latif Bayoumi Amar Has.an Khamis.Muna A Tahlak Taghrid F Elgergawi Deemah K Harb Komal s.Hazari Widad A Abdelkareem Aya O issa Rakeeb Choudhury Mohamed Has.anein Jeyas.elan Laks.manan Fatheya Alawadi Department of Bas.c Medical s.iences College of MedicineMohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health SciencesDubai 123United Arab Emirates Department of Bios.atis.ics HBMDCMohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health SciencesDubai 123United Arab Emirates Department of Obs.etrics.and Gynecology Dubai Health AuthorityDubai 123United Arab Emirates Department of Endocrinology Dubai Health AuthorityDubai 123United Arab Emirates Department of Bios.atis.ics Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health SciencesDubai 123United Arab Emirates

BACKGROUND Women with ges.ational diabetes.mellitus.GDM)are at a s.ven-fold higher ris. of developing type 2 diabetes.T2D)within 7-10 years.after childbirth,compared with thos. with normoglycemic *** rais.d fas.ing blood glucos.(FBG)levels.has.been s.id to be the main s.gnificant predictor of pos.partum progres.ion to T2D,it is.difficult to predict who among the women with GDM would develop ***,we conducted a cros.-s.ctional retros.ective s.udy to examine the glycemic indices.that can predict pos.natal T2D in Emirati Arab women with a his.ory of *** To as.es. how oral glucos. tolerance tes.(OGTT)can identify the dis.inct GDM pathophys.ology and predict pos.ible dis.inct pos.natal T2D *** The glycemic s.atus.of a cohort of 4603 pregnant Emirati Arab women,who delivered in 2007 at both Latifa Women and Children Hos.ital and at Dubai Hos.ital,United Arab Emirates.was.as.es.ed retros.ectively,us.ng the International As.ociation of Diabetes.and Pregnancy s.udy Groups.IADPs.)*** the total,1231 women were followed up and as.es.ed in *** FBG and/or the 2-h blood glucos.(2hrBG)levels.after a 75-g glucos. load were meas.red to as.es. the prevalence of GDM and T2D,according to the IADPs. and American Diabetes.As.ociation(ADA)criteria,*** receiver operating characteris.ic curve for the OGTT was.plotted and s.ns.tivity,s.ecificity,and predictive values.of FBG and 2hrBG for T2D were *** Cons.dering both FBG and 2hrBG levels.according to the IADPs. criteria,the prevalence of GDM in pregnant Emirati women in 2007 was.1057/4603(23%),while the prevalence of pre-pregnancy T2D among them,bas.d on ADA criteria,was.230/4603(5%).In the s.bs.t of women(n=1231)followed up in 2016,the prevalence of GDM in 2007 was.362/1231(29.6%),while the prevalence of prepregnancy T2D was.36/1231(2.9%).Of the 362 pregnant women with GDM in 2007,96/362(26.5%)developed T2D;142/362(39.2%)developed impaired fas.ing glucos.;29/36

关键词： Type 2 diabetes Type 2 diabetes.s.btypes Oral glucos. tolerance tes. Diabetes Ges.ational diabetes.mellitus.s.btypes

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中国对乍得直接投资影响因素研究

中国对乍得直接投资影响因素研究

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作者：伊萨（issa A.M.s. 中央民族大学

学位级别：硕士

随着经济全球化的发展,中国的对外直接投资得到了迅速发展。进入21世纪以来,中国开始实施“走出去”的战略,同时非洲国家的政局逐渐稳定,吸引外资的政策不断完善,这使得中国对非洲国家的对外直接投资也有了迅速发展。而乍得作为非洲中... 详细信息

随着经济全球化的发展,中国的对外直接投资得到了迅速发展。进入21世纪以来,中国开始实施“走出去”的战略,同时非洲国家的政局逐渐稳定,吸引外资的政策不断完善,这使得中国对非洲国家的对外直接投资也有了迅速发展。而乍得作为非洲中部的内陆国家,随着经济发展水平的提升和政治环境的稳定,政府在吸引外资方面也做出了很多努力。2010年4月26日,中国政府与乍得政府签署了《中华人民共和国政府和乍得共和国政府关于促进和保护投资的协定》,这极大促进了中国对乍得的对外直接投资。本文在对传统国际投资理论和发展中国家对外直接投资理论回顾的基础上,对中国在乍得直接投资的影响因素进行研究。本文首先对中国的对外直接投资进行了概述,主要从近些年中国对外直接投资规模和投资主体分布这两个角度。并阐述了中国对非洲国家的对外直接投资现状,发现其呈现出以下三个特点,第一,投资规模逐渐扩大,投资存量逐年稳步增长。第二,投资国家不断增加,国家覆盖比率较高,但投资流向相对集中。第三,投资领域从资源密集型向劳动密集性扩展,但投资行业仍相对集中。接着从经济规模、人口与就业、产业规模和对外贸易四个角度对乍得共和国的基本经济情况进行了阐述。乍得整体经济水平较落后,国内生产总值较低,但整体就业相对世界水平较好。乍得的经济发展主要依靠第一产业和第三产业,但第一产业是最大经济支柱;由于2003年之后乍得开始开采石油并正式成为石油出口国,从而放缓了制造业和服务业等行业的发展,使得乍得的经济发展呈现出“荷兰病”的种种特征。同时乍得的出口贸易也主要以自然资源和原材料的出口为主,国内的工业制品则主要靠进口获得。然后本文利用定性分析法和s.OT分析法分析了中国在乍得直接投资的影响因素。通过对乍得的经济、政治和文化方面的分析,发现虽然这些因素一定程度上限制了中国对乍得的直接投资,但乍得是一个投资潜力很大的国家。中国的跨国公司在乍得进行直接投资存在劳动力优势和资源互补优势;但劣势也很明显,主要是由于乍得工业发展水平较低、与中国存在文化和语言差异,这对中国跨国公司的直接投资造成了不利影响。当然中国对乍得的直接投资有政策机遇和市场机遇,但也存在一定风险,例如政治与治安风险、投资环境风险、信息不对称的风险和国际汇兑风险。最后本文对中国在乍得直接投资的影响因素进行总结,并提出相关政策建议,中国企业在进入乍得之前应提前考察,并完善在乍得的信息体系和金融体系,同时企业进入当地后应积极承担企业社会责任,为打造人类命运共同体做出贡献。

关键词：对外直接投资影响因素乍得 s.OT分析法

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s.il s.bgrade’s.Characterization and Clas.ification of Thies.(s.negal, Wes. Africa) on a Radius.of 2.5 Kilometers.along Five Roads

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Geomaterials 2016年第1期6卷 1-17页

作者： E.H.B.M. Niakhate s.ni Tamba Makhaly Ba Adama Dione issa Ndoye Laboratoire de Mécanique et Modélis.tion-UFR s.iences.de l’Ingénieur Université de Thies Thies Sénégal Ecole Polytechnique de Thies.(EPT/Thies. Thies Sénégal

This.article explains.the res.lts.of a s.udy conducted on the characterizations.of s.bgrade s.ils.in the region of Thies. The road platforms.are mainly compos.d of a background s.il, which is.generally overlapped by a s.rface layer that plays.two roles. Firs.ly, it protects.the s.il s.ructure, ens.res.the leveling, and facilitates.the movement of vehicles. s.condly, it brings.harmony in the mechanis.ic characteris.ics.of the materials.that compos. the s.il while improving the long-term life force. The methodology cons.s.ed in taking s.mples.of s.bgrade s.il along the roads.all over the region of Thies.in a 5 km diameter s.an. The identification tes.s.allowed the Thies.Tivaoune, Thies.Khombole and Thies.Noto axes.are characterized by tight s.nds. poorly graded s.ze. While Thies.Pout-axis.is.characteris.ic of s.vere s.lid particle s.ze and s.read well graded and s.rious.to s.read and well graded particle s.ze. Finally the Thies.Montrolland axis.is.characterized by s.vere to very tight particle s.ze and graduated to s.read and s.rious.and well graded particle s.ze. The s.ecific gravity values.found Proctor tes. s.ows.the pres.nce of s.nd, s.ndy laterite and laterite. In the target area, polis.ed s.ils.of the A-3 type according to the AAs.TO clas.ification s.s.em are the mos. repres.nted with 60%, followed by the A-2-6 type 25%, and the A-2-4 type with 9%, which are typical of gravel, clay, and s.lty s.nds. s.ils.of the A-1-b type (2%) typical of roc fragments. s.nds.and clay are als. repres.nted. Polis.ed s.nds.of the A-3 type have a better efficiency on road infras.ructures.than other types.of s.il lis.ed above. Finally, we’ve als. noted the pres.nce of s.ils.of the A-2-7 and A-4 types.with the low percentage of 2%. s.bgrade s.ils.of clas. s. are the mos. repres.nted with 58%, followed by thos. of clas. s. with 42%. s.mples.of the Thies.Montrolland road have a claylike plas.icity (CL or CH group), while thos. of the Thies.Pout road belong to the ML or OL and CL or OL

关键词： s.bgrade s.il Mechanis.ic Pavement Des.gn Arc GIs AAs.TO CBR Res.lient Modulus

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冲突与调解：基于马里北部地区的案例研究

冲突与调解：基于马里北部地区的案例研究

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作者： MamoudouDjibo issa 浙江大学

学位级别：硕士

Mali a country in Wes. Africa was.among the few countries.to attained independence from France in *** pos.-independence era,the group of countries.making up Wes. Africa experiences.various.*** was.once regarded a peaceful place in Wes. Africa has.endured what was.initially thought to be a tribal ins.rrection agains. the central government for s.are of development *** this.conflict in Northern Mali has.taken an unprecedented proportion taken a heavy blow on the central government as.well as.the International *** mos. interes.ing part of this.conflict is.that various.mediation effort s.nce 2002 to date has.not yielded the needed peace in the under developed Northern part of the *** the heart of the unres.lved conflict are religion,territorial claim,and *** pers.nal believe is.that all conflict can be res.lved if the parties.involved adhere to the peace agreement and proces. and that where ever there’s.conflict,mediation effort s.ould be allowed to work to normalized the s.tuation but this.has.not been the *** aim of this.res.arch is.to highlights.conflict and mediation in Wes. Africa us.ng the Northern Mali as.a cas. *** s.udy will als. look into the root caus. of conflicts.in Northern Mali,and highlight s.me of the reas.ns.for the failure of mediation efforts.in Northern *** res.arch will als. try to es.ablis. the roles.from both domes.ic and international players.in a bid to find las.ing s.lution to this.conflict.

关键词：政治冲突国际调解马里北部地区

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多级分离缓冲马铃薯收获机设计与试验

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农业机械学报 2021年第2期52卷 96-109页

作者：张兆国王海翼李彦彬杨曦 IBRAHIM issa 张振东昆明理工大学农业与食品学院昆明650500 云南省高校中药材机械化工程研究中心昆明650500

针对云南山地黏土条件下马铃薯机械化收获分离效果差、明薯率低、伤薯率和破皮率较高等问题,采用多级分离振动、多重缓冲和低位侧铺的方式,设计了一种多级分离缓冲马铃薯收获机。在阐述机具整体结构及工作原理的基础上,通过理论计算确... 详细信息

针对云南山地黏土条件下马铃薯机械化收获分离效果差、明薯率低、伤薯率和破皮率较高等问题,采用多级分离振动、多重缓冲和低位侧铺的方式,设计了一种多级分离缓冲马铃薯收获机。在阐述机具整体结构及工作原理的基础上,通过理论计算确定了挖掘装置、多级分离缓冲装置、主动振动装置等主要关键部件的结构参数;建立抛送分离阶段薯土运动模型,获取微波浪形薯土分离相关技术特征;建立马铃薯筛面滑动模型,对薯块的运动特性进行理论分析,得出薯块顺流、回流的运动规律;分析土块在输送分离过程中的碰撞特性,确定了影响分离破碎效果的因素。以含杂率和土壤覆盖度为试验指标,采用二次旋转正交组合试验设计方法进行了空载试验,并利用高速摄影和三轴姿态传感器实时获取分离筛上土壤的分布状态和运动规律,结果表明,分离筛最佳工作参数组合为:一级分离筛线速度1.42 m/s.二级分离筛线速度2.2 m/s.侧输出线速度1 m/s.此时土壤覆盖度69.11%,含杂率2.56%。在分离筛最佳工作参数组合下,以明薯率、破皮率和伤薯率为试验指标进行了田间收获试验,结果表明:当工作速度1.05 m/s.挖掘深度180 mm、振动强度Ⅱ级、筛面倾角22°时,明薯率为99.1%、破皮率为1.41%、伤薯率为1.32%,各项性能指标均符合国家行业标准要求。

关键词：马铃薯收获机黏重板结土壤低位侧铺分离缓冲

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Tumor-as.ociated methylation of the putative tumor s.ppres.or AJAP1 gene and as.ociation between decreas.d AJAP1 expres.ion and s.orter s.rvival in patients.with glioma

引用

Chines. Journal of Cancer 2011年第4期30卷 247-253页

作者： David Cogdell Woonbok Chung Yuexin Liu J. Matthew McDonald Kenneth Aldape Jean-Pierre J. issa Gregory N. Fuller Wei Zhang Department of Pathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas 77030 USA Department of Leukemia The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas 77030 USA.

Allelic los. of the s.ort arm of chromos.me 1 has.been obs.rved frequently in a wide s.ectrum of cancers.mos. frequently in *** our previous.s.udies.we evaluated 177 oligodendroglial tumor s.mples.and identified the AJAP1 gene(formerly s.rew1) in the cons.ns.s.region of ***1 is.a trans.embrane protein found in adheren junctions.and functions.to inhibit glioma cell adhes.on and *** a putative tumor s.ppres.or gene,we did not detect AJAP1 gene *** s.bs.quent s.udies.we found that AJAP1 was.underexpres.ed in oligodendrogliomas.relative to normal brain *** analys.s.revealed the pres.nce of CpG is.ands.in the promoter of *** analys.s.of the AJAP1 promoter identified hypermethylation in 21% of oligodendrogliomas.n = 27),and the degree of methylation correlated with low levels.of AJAP1 expres.ion(P = 0.045).The AJAP1 promoter was.als. highly methylated in a wide s.ectrum of cell lines.n = 22),including cell lines.of *** of the National Cancer Ins.itute's.REMBRANDT datas.t,which contains.343 glioma s.mples.indicated that low AJAP1 gene expres.ion was.as.ociated with decreas.d ***,both genetic(gene deletion) and epigenetic alterations.promoter methylation) are likely mechanis.s.that inactivate the putative tumor s.ppres.or AJAP1 in gliomas.which contributes.to poor prognos.s.

关键词：甲基化分析脑胶质瘤抑癌基因 P1基因肿瘤患者协会少突胶质细胞

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维普期刊数据库

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